中考英语总复习 第42讲 完形填空（一）课件 外研版.ppt

英语 第42讲完形填空 一 完形填空 2014 湖州 wheniwaseightyearsold myfamilymovedfromedinburghtolondonbecausefatherstartedanewjobthere itwashundredsofmilesawayfrommygrandmother sowesometimesspenthours 1 toedinburghtovisitherwhenwemissedherterribly grannyneverhadmuch shedidn thave 2 things orliveinanicehouse buticouldfeelwithmy 3 thatshelovedusdeeply especiallywhenmyworldwasturnedupsidedown 4 mymotherandfatherdivorced 离婚 twoyearslater istillrememberthoselittlethings grannyallowedmetositontopofher 5 table gettingmetodip 蘸 myfingersinthesugarbowlor 6 fromhercoffeecup grannyhadafancybottlehighonashelf onedayafterherdeath ireceivedabox tomysurprise ifoundthe 7 inside sherememberedonceihadaskedherforit granny 8 herpenniesinaglassjar shecouldhaveusedthosepenniesherselfbutshekept 9 formybrothertommieandme andiwasalwaysexcitedto 10 thepenniesbetweenmybrotherandme oneforyou oneforme iwouldrepeat 11 thejarwasempty idon trememberhowmuchwegotonourvisits butiknowthat s 12 shelovedusandcaredaboutuswhenwewerefarawayfromher soifiam 13 enoughtofindapennylyingonthegroundoneday iamsureitisjusttheonefromgrannyinheaven thosechildhoodmemorieshavenever 14 me instead theystillgivemewarmfeelingsthroughtheyears agranny s 15 stayswithagrandchildaslongasheneedsit youknow loveisjustlikethat c 1 a hikingb runningc drivingd walking b 2 a normalb expensivec cheapd old b 3 a lifeb heartc idead thought a 4 a becauseb unlessc whiled before d 5 a bedroomb gardenc bathroomd kitchen d 6 a fillb eatc used drink a 7 a bottleb boxc bowld cup c 8 a usedb foundc savedd lost a 9 a themb itc herd us c 10 a storeb offerc divided provide d 11 a ifb asc althoughd until b 12 a whatb howc whend where c 13 a patientb sadc luckyd bored a 14 a goneawayfromb comebacktoc comeupwithd gotalongwith b 15 a interestb lovec smiled mind 完形填空 题是一种旨在考查学生词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型 它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点 既考查词语搭配 近义词辨异 句型结构 复合句的关联和习惯用法等 又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力 同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功 较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力 才能适应这一题型 一 完形填空 题要求填入的词 1 语法结构所要求的功能词 如 连接词 连接代词 连接副词 关系代词 关系副词等 2 具有语法变化的普通词 如 动词的时态 语态 语气 名词的数 代词的格 形容词和副词的级等 3 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词 4 同义词 近义词等易混淆词 5 根据上 下句意思及结构必须填入的确定词 二 完形填空 题解题策略 1 解题前要通读全文 领悟大意 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现 因此 要通读全文 把握文章整体大意就尤为重要 2 解题时要全面考虑定选项 完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配 语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通 但由于文章是一个完整的统一体 词 句 段三者存在着内在逻辑关系 因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息 对文章的情节进行逻辑推理 抓住含有关键信息的词语 理顺句子之间的关系 确定正确的答案 其具体做法有 1 重视首句寻求信息完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章 留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题 可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图 要充分利用首句的标示作用 利用它为解题找到一个突破口 从而展开思维 例1 mr smithwashangingsomefamilypicturesonthewallofhisnewhouse whilehewasusingahammer 锤子 toknockhails 钉子 intothehard a someofthemfellonthefloor 2014 台州 26 a wallb chairc doord floor点拨 由首句 史密斯先生正把一些家庭照片挂在新房子的墙上 可知 他是用锤子把钉子砸进坚硬的墙里 1 manyyearsago wheniwasastudent theradiostudiomanageratwxbninterviewedmeanditchangedmylife howoldareyou helookeddownat a 2014 天津 41 a meb herc youd him 2 明辨褒贬语境判断是非几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性 这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理 情绪状态和作者写作意图 因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断 从而在吃透文章并准确传递文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息 找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子 大胆预测下文 例2 ialso d thatsomeparentsmayfeelunhappyiftheirkidsstudyasubjectataneasylevel 2014 重庆b 48 a hopeb reportc cryd worry点拨 由后面的 feelunhappy 和 aneasylevel 可知 我 是担心发生这种情况 2 ifwearewise havingenoughexperienceandknowledge weregardthesefailures 失败 asanecessaryand c partoflearning 2014 山西 31 a similarb activec important 3 巧用平行结构判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似 意思密切关联 语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象 平行结构形式上整齐匀称 内容上联系紧密 命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度 利用其意义的关联和对比这一特点来设空 了解这一点可大大提高解题效率 例3 isitthedaywhenwewerebornorthedayweb 2014 呼和浩特 27 a missb diec growd start点拨 与 出生 相对应的是 死 3 soinsteadofstayinginthe b classroom theygotodifferentroomstohavetheirlessons 2014 重庆b 41 a cleanb samec brightd empty 4 结合常识明辨真伪 例4 onthursday richardarrivedatschoolwithabigsmileonhisface 2014 佛山 36 whyareyouso d askeddavid a earlyb happyc unfriendlyd sad点拨 脸上有灿烂的笑容 所以大卫问 为什么这么高兴 4 theythoughtthewomanlookedvery b theywentuptoherandsaid areyougoingtotown ifyouare wewillhelpcarryyourbasket 2014 河北 47 a boredb tiredc pleasedd surprised 一 2014 绍兴 asmilingfaceatthestoreineedtogetsomethingstocleanthehousethisweekend soiheadedovertoalocalstore whilewalkingaround irealizedthatiwasn t 1 atanyone thatwasoutofcharacter ialmostalwayssmileatstrangerswiththe 2 thatitmightbrightentheirdayabit butinthatparticularmoment iwasthinkingofwhathad 3 meearlierintheday notreallyinthemood 心情 tosmile wheniwenttocheckoutmythings imet 4 averylongtime peoplewerebuyingchristmasgifts toshortenthefirstline asecondregister 收银台 openedup i 5 turnedtoit afterafewmoments ibeganto 6 thatallthepeoplebeforemehadlotsofthingstocheckout iwasn t 7 anylonger soireturnedtothefirstline afterashortwhile allthepeopleinthesecondlinecheckedout iwas 8 standinginthefirstline atlast itwasmy 9 tocheckout ifoundthatthemanbehindtheregisterseemedso 10 hegreetedmewithahugesmile it sniceto 11 seeasmilingfaceinthisstore icommented hereplied ilovetosmile 12 youneverknowwhatpeoplearegoingthrough atthatmoment hemademethinkof 13 somethinginmechanged andwebegan 14 kindness abouthowitgoesalongway therewasnoonebehindme sowetalkedandlaughedforawhile whata 15 itis tobecheeredupbythiskindyoungman isuddenlyhadallthetimeintheworld c 1 a shoutingb pointingc smilingd knocking a 2 a hopeb planc suggestiond decision b 3 a pleasedb troubledc relaxedd treated d 4 a forb atc ind with b 5 a slowlyb quicklyc actuallyd easily c 6 a rememberb supposec noticed imagine a 7 a patientb nervousc polited silent d 8 a justb everc onced still a 9 a turnb dreamc dutyd courage c 10 a seriousb calmc happyd clever d 11 a especiallyb naturallyc firstlyd finally b 12 a whenb becausec butd so c 13 a himselfb yourselfc myselfd herself b 14 a thinkingaboutb talkingaboutc worryingaboutd learningabout a 15 a giftb pityc chanced surprise 二 whydosomepeoplechangetheirnames therecanbemany 16 someonechangedhisnamebecausehethoughtitwouldbe 17 forpeopletoremember ontheotherhand somepeoplearethinkingaboutchangingtheirnamesto 18 onesbecausetheywanttobedifferent filmstars singers sportsmenandsome 19 famouspeopleoftenchangetheirnamesbecausetheywantnamesthatarenot 20 orthathavespecialsound theychosethe newnames forthemselves 21 ofthenamestheirparentsgavethemwhentheywere 22 somepeoplehaveanotherreason 23 changingtheirnames theyhave 24 toanewcountryandwanttouseanamethatis 25 there forexample likaimingchangedhisnametokenlee 26 hemovedtotheunitedstates heusesthenamekenathisjobandatschool 27 withhisfamilyandchinesefriends he 28 likaiming forsomepeople usingdifferentnamesmakeslifeeasierintheirnewresidence 住处 inmanycountries awomanchangesher 29 nametoherhusband saftershegets 30 buttoday manywomenarekeepingtheirownfamilynamesandnotusingtheirhusbands sometimes womenusetheirownnamesandinsomesituationstheyusetheirhusbands a 16 a reasonsb waysc thingsd questions a 17 a easierb funnierc harderd happier c 18 a badb samec unusuald colorful a 19 a otherb anotherc othersd theother b 20 a popularb ordinaryc easyd expensive d 21 a neverb hardlyc besidesd instead c 22 a grownb youngc bornd old a 23 a forb fromc tod in c 24 a leftb listenedc movedd depended c 25 a strangeb poorc usuald good a 26 a whenb whichc whered how c 27 a becauseb soc butd as b 28 a wantsb usesc spellsd remembers d 29 a fullb penc middled family b 30 a fatb marriedc hungryd lost 三 roberthadjustmovedintotheneighborhood andhehadastrangefeelingthathewasnotwanted hethoughtmaybe 31 boysweretryingtogetideaofwhathewaslike butthatdidn tmakehimfeelanyless 32 hewasnew andhehadtobe 33 still provinghimselfwouldnotbeall 34 easy hedidn twanttomakefriendswithbadboysordoanything 35 thelawtoprovethathewas 36 no hemustshowwhathewas 37 inagoodway that showhegothisidea thenextdaywassaturday he 38 thatmostoftheboyswouldgodowntotheplaygroundandchoosesidesforsaturday s 39 game robertknewhewasstrong thentheboyswouldwanttobehisfriends he 40 earlyanddidhisstepexercises heshot 投掷 theballseveraltimesanddidsomeotherexer