美国知识产权短语按拼音整理 (2).doc

A按图施工duplicated the plans 按照标的物确定联邦法院管辖权federal subject matter jurisdiction 暗示性的suggestive 暗指implications安娜法Statute of Anna B版权的基本原则copyright basics 版权的客体the subject matter of copyright 版权手续-登记和标记copyright formalities-registration and notice 版权之保护基础foundations of copyright protection 半导体芯片保护法Semiconductor Chip Protection Act 半导体芯片保护法Semiconductor Chip Protection Act包括comprising包装trade dress 保险表格和契据insurance forms and instruments 保障专利的宪法性权力a Constitutional patent power保证保守秘密be pledged to confidentiality备用注册contingent registration 被告明知侵权knowing infringement by a defendant 被许可人licensees 本身per se 本质性、关键性、或费用essentialness keyness spentness比后构思者更勤勉即可Only more diligent than one other person who conceives later标记mark 标记象征，表明事实可能存在的情况indicia标准touchstone 表演performance 表演权performance rights 表演者performer 剥夺a taking驳回reject 驳回rejection 驳回专利申请the striking of an application 补偿remedies 补充证据subsidiary evidence 不被允许的欺诈性an impermissible fraudulent quality不当，无正当理由unwarranted不动产real property不可享有版权的作品noncopyrightable works 不可争议性incontestability 不可争议性抗辩incontestability defenses 不良行为undesirable conduct不能续展的non-renewable不确定性uncertainty不使用nonuse不使用non-use 不言自明的axiomatic 不正当竞争unfair competition不能授予未知适用领域的专利hold otherwise would be to grant a patent on an unknown range of applications不道德的或诽谤性标志、国家象征在世名人的姓名immortal or scandalous marks，national symbols，or names of living figures 不容争议性，指商标注册人如果从注册之日起连续5年在商业上使用该商标于其商品或服务上，并在继续使用，他对该商标使用权即属不容争议incontestability部分权利partial rights C财产利益a property interest 财产权a property right 采用capture参照其所追求的目标by reference to the purpose sought查看版权作品的机会和实质相似access and substantial similarity 产品的通用名称generic 产品或方法products or processes产生accrue撤销cancellation 撤销条款the cancellation provision 陈旧的形象stock figures 成文法the statute成文法典codified成文法上的版权statutory copyright 惩戒性或惩罚性损害赔偿exemplary ir punitive damages 程序代码the code of a program 冲动性购买“impulse”buying 抽象的财产概念abstract concept of property抽象的原理abstract principle抽象原理的应用the application of an abstract principle出版权publication rights 出卖vend 出售vending 出租、租借、出借rental,lease,or lending 初步审查examination 初步推定a prima facie presumption 初卖原则the “first sale”doctrine 初审程序an original proceeding 处于同等地位on an equal footing传播组织transmitting organizations 串通的或图谋的collusive or contrived 创造性inventive characteristics创作作品works of authorship “创造性的灵光一闪”条件“flash of creative genius”requirement纯粹的化学公式mere chemical formulas 慈善目的charitable purposes 此指商标the device 此指专利法the stature 次级标准subtests从事商业经营之人commercial parties 从整体上进行检验，而不是分割的to be examined in their entirety，and not dissected 除非后发明人首先将构思付诸实践，否则不能对先发明人提出异议A junior inventor can never challenge a senior inventor unless the junior inventor reducesto practice first.D达成一致（合意）be in agreement大概相似approximate similarity 大量的、大批的in gross大致相似rough similarity大众传媒mass media 单方性质ex parte nature等同equivalent等同替代equivalent substitutions抵触审查程序interference proceeding抵触审查程序interference proceedings地理标志geographic marks 地区法院district court地位平等的对造当事人an arms length adversary 第二含义及描述secondary meaning and descriptiveness 典型的侵权行为paradigmatic act of infringement 独创方法an ingenious way独创性originality独立创作的作品work of independent creation 独立战争Revolution独特的、奇异的arbitrary or fanciful 独特性distinctiveness独占权，专有权exclusive rights独占性版权保护monopolistic copyright protection 杜撰的或奇异的coined or fanciful 多数票决majority vote 对已有注册商标的检索a search of existing registration 对知识的垄断a “monopoly of knowledge”对权力要求的解释不同，字面和等同claim interpretationdifferentiation，literality，and equivalenceF发明构思与专利申请ideas v. applications发明专利和引进型专利inventive and importation patents发行dissemination 法定的statutory法定检验标准the statutory test 法定例外statutory exception 法定期限the statutory period法定使用费the statutory fee 法定限制statutory bar法定限制statutory bars法定限制的立法目的the policies of statutory bar法定许可statutory license 法定许可statutory license 法官的附带意见dictum 法律补救方法relief法律常识hornbook law 法律的保护机制the statutory scheme法律玄学the metaphysics of the law法庭forum反淡化anti-dilution反对anti反复试验、试错trail and error反垄断法及政府法规antitrust government regulation反面证明proving a negative 反商标淡化anti-dilution 反向工程reverse engineer 方法process方法的专利性检验标准test for patentablility of a process仿造duplicating放弃abandoned 放弃abandonment 放弃parts with 非法复制或非法盗用illicit copying or unlawful appropriation 非排他性许可non-exclusively非显而易见性nonobviousness非显而易见性nonobviousness非显而易见性nonobviousness非主要产品nonstaple 非专业的观察者lay observer 费用项目items of cost 否定发明规则negative rules of invention服务商标service服务商标service marks 符合条件的eligible辅簿注册the supplemental register 附属于appurtenant 复审reexamination复审re-examine复杂性complexity 复制品reproduction 复制权、演绎作品权、发行权、表演权、展览权the reproduction right,the derivative work right,the distribution right,the performance right,and the display right G该技术领域内的技术人员those skilled in the art改编adaptations 感知已久的long felt 根据个案采取补救措施fashion a remedy tailored to the individual case 更加刚性的宪法性约束more rigid Constitutional constraints工会labor union 公布注册publication 公开，披露disclosure公开表演public performance 公开传播或广为知悉publicly disseminated or accessible公开获得publicly available公开使用public use公开性和有限公布publicity and limited disclosures公平，正义equity公平原则和法律规律principles of equity as well as of statutory law 公认的技术领域a well-established field公有领域public domain功能上的限制the functional bar 功能性的functional 共同发明joint invention 共同控制common control 共同努力aggregate effort共同使用concurrent use 共同使用concurrent use 构思本身ideas per se构思的应用the application of an idea鼓励尽快公布发明的专利政策the patent policy favoring speedy disclosure固定在有形介质上fixation in a tangible medium 故意欺骗行为intentionally deceptive conduct雇佣作品work for hire 关税及专利权上诉法院the Court of Customs and Patent Appeal管制police 归属于vested 国外在先公开foreign anticipation过渡transition过失negligence 过于宽泛overbreadthH海关服务局customs service 罕见病药物法Orphan drug act合法诉因legitimate complaint 合法所有者lawful owner of 合理的使用费a reasonable royalty for the use合理评论fair comment 合理使用fair use 合理使用fair users/use 合理使用与平行使用fair and collateral use 黑市商品“black market”goods 横财a windfall 衡平法上的禁止翻供或者疏忽懈怠equitable estoppel or laches 衡平法上的救济equitable relief 衡平法上的救济措施equitable remedies 衡平法上有效的equitable 衡平方法a balancing process后发明人junior inventor后注册人junior registrant 化学方法chemical process换发专利证书与复审reissue and re-examination皇家特权royal privilege灰市商品gray market goods 毁谤disparage 混合法hybrid 混淆，讹误或欺骗confusion，mistake，or deceit混淆confusion 混淆的可能性likelihood of confusionJ机构establishments 机器machine积极或持续的active or continuous基本事实，起因，动机，计算方法fundamental truths，original causes，motives，methods of calculation集体商标collective marks 集体商标collective marks 集体贸易（服务）商标和集体成员资格商标collective trade（or service）marks and collective membership marks 计算accounting 计算机程序、唱片和戏剧人物computer programs,phonorecords,and dramatic personalities 计算机程序the program计帐方法accounting system 记账系统systems of bookkeeping假冒palming off间接证据secondary evidence间接证据secondary considerations间接证据规则circumstantial evidence rule 检索search建筑设计图architectural plans 将一项有争议的准许发回remand a dubious 交易理论bargain theory“交易”或契约论the “bargain”or contract theory教派、学派sects 接触contact 仅有单方当事人ex parte 尽其所知和所能to the best of his knowledge and belief 进行，推行prosecuting 禁令救济injunctive relief禁令救济injunctive relief 禁令救济injunctive relief 禁止“窃取”他人的专利prohibit the “stealing” of anothers patents禁止enjoining 禁止反悔file wrapper estoppel禁止滥用权利理论a theory of misappropriation 禁止虚伪欺骗的描述“deceptively misdescriptive”bar 禁止重复授权the double-patenting 禁止对旧事物的新功能授予专利原则the prohibiting patents on newly discovered properties of old elements 经济利益pecuniary interest 经济利益the economic well-being竞争优势a competitive edge救济措施relief 救济措施remedies 局长Commissioner 局长the Commissioner 具备特定行业专业知识人员those knowledgeable in the particular art具有普通智力的人the ordinary intelligent man具有唯一功能的外观设计an exclusively functional designe具有原创性的表达original expression 具备描述性/显著性的商标in the descriptive/distinctive continuum 决定专利的实用性qualitative utility绝对等同absolute identity K抗辩/指控defensive/offensive 可能性likelihood可取得专利的，可授予专利的patentable可实施的公开性文件an“enabling disclosure”可授予专利的patentable可享有版权的作品copyrightable woks 可意识到的或者被注意到be so intentional or noticed客观标准objective tests客观标准objective standard口头表达形式oral presentations 口头公开oral publicationL类似的或者相同的similar or identical类似于analogous 理解和实施articulation and implementation利害关系人privy利益分配apportions these interests利用，实施exploit利用exploitation 连续两年two consecutive years 联邦法院管辖权（指不同州的公民之间或州公民与外侨之间所发生的诉讼管辖权）diversity 联邦公告federal publication 联邦管辖权federal jurisdiction 联邦巡回法院Federal Circuit 联邦优先原则the doctrine of federal pre-emption 联邦注册federal registration联系nexus联邦条例（美国1781年至1789年的第一部宪法）Articles of Confederation临时禁令preliminary relief 零售retail 垄断monopolization 垄断法，又称专卖条约the Statute of Monopolies录音sound recordings 录音制品制作者producer 录音作品sound recordings 律师费attorneys fees律师费attorneysfees M买卖sale 卖断be sold outright冒犯性offensive 美国食品及药物管理局FDA美国专利与商标局the Patent and Trademark Office美术作品works of fine arts 美国法典United State Code美国版权作品新技术应用委员会the National Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Words(CONTU) 描述，阐明describe描述性商标descriptive marks 名录、汇编物directories,compilations 明确的因素well-defined factors 明知，故意scienter明知、故意scienter 目标代码the object code N尼泊尔公约实施法The Berne Convention Implementation Act 年版权法Copyright Art of 1976 1976P旁证，间接证据circumstantial evidence 批发wholesale 批准通知notice of allowance 剽窃pirate剽窃plagiarism 平行进口parallel imports普通法common law 普通法上的版权common law copyright 普通技术工匠journeyman mechanic普通设计人员ordinary designer普通消费者the average consumer “普通观察者”检验方法the “ordinary observer”test飘Gone With The Wind Q期满expiration欺骗消费者consumer fraud 欺诈动机deceptive intent奇异性curiosity启动异议程序的资格standing 起诉书和答辩状a complaint and answer起诉资格standing to sue “弃用”条款“deadwood” provision前提premise强制许可a compulsory license 强制许可compulsory license 强制许可compulsory licensing强制许可使用费the compulsory fee 巧合coincidence 侵犯trespassing侵权infringement侵权的实质性检验标准substantiality test of infringement侵权法tort law侵权抗辩滥用专利权infringement defensesmisuse侵权诉讼charge of infringement侵权诉讼infringement action 侵权诉讼infringement actions 侵权所获利润profits 侵权行为tortious conduct 勤勉diligence清偿liquidation 区别购买者理论“discriminating purchase”theory 区域优先使用理论the doctrine of regional priority曲作者composers 取证方法evidentiary device全部产权all title to全部销售额gross 全体出庭法官（在美国，指巡回上诉法庭通常对一个重大案件的审理可扩大法庭审判官的人数，又称（sitting en banc）en banc 权力要求不同原则the doctrine of claim differentiation权利分配allocation 权利要求the claim 权利要求书claims 确定ascertain确权判决declaratory judgement确有部分消费者a recognizable number of consumers R人工浓缩或提纯的自然产品concentrated or purified products ofnature人物和顺序characters and sequence 认证Seal of Approval “如何使用”原则the “how-to-use” doctrine S善意good-faith 善意的后使用人good faith junior users 善意或不知情good faith or ignorance善意使用bona fide use 商标保护及部分保护的丧失loss of trademark protection and partial protection 商标淡化dilution 商标的客体subject matter 商标的使用trademark practice 商标的影响力strength of the mark 商标法the trademark statute商标局Trademark Office 商标局公告the Official Gazette of the Office 商标权扩展的可能性likelihood of expansion 商标权扩展理论doctrine of expanded rights 商标权扩展理论expansion of trademark doctrine 商标审理与申诉委员会the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board（TTAB）商标诉讼实用主义pragmatics of trademark litigation 商标主簿注册the Principal Register商品或服务的相似性similarity of goods or services 商业道德business ethice 商业方法business methods 商业方法business methods商业利益集团mercantile interests 商业秘密trade secrets商业秘密法secret law 商业上的成功commercial success商业上利用commercial exploitation 商业中的首次使用first use in commerce 商誉goodwill 商品识别机制以及市场优势手段a mechanism for providing identification as well as a technique for providing a marketing advantage少量、一点点modicum 申请Application申请优先权application priority申请优先权application priority申请专利file申请专利patent身份、资格standing 身份、资格standing 审查程序the screening process 审查员examiner生产、使用、销售make，use，or sell胜诉方the prevailing party “胜诉可能性”标准the standard of “likelihood of success on the merits”石版画lithographs 实际的实用性substantial utility实际上的可互换性practical interchangeability 实施exploitation 实施work实施working实施发明的要求a working requirement实体法the substantive law 实验性例外the experimentation exception实益utility实用-非实用二分法utilitarian-nonutilitarian dichotomy 实用物品utilitarian objects 实用性utility实用专利a utility patent 实用专利utility patents实用作品utilitarian works 实质等同a substantial equivalent实质等同原则the principle of substantial identity实质等同原则the principle of substantial identity实质相似substantially similar 实质相同substantially identical实质性的和有意识的在先公开substantial and realized anticipation使（在法律上）无资格的，这里指丧失专利性disabling使免除（责任）exempted使用Use使用费royalty 使用意向intent-to-use “使用意向”条款“intent-to-use” provision 使所属领域的普通技术人员能够重现发明enable a person having ordinary skill in the appropriate art to duplicate the invention世（俗）人、外行人laypersons市场弊端marketplace evils 市场特征及其相似性character and similarity of markets 市场现状market reality 事实调查factual inquiry 事实放弃actual abandonment 事实上Factually事实信息factual information 事项，特征a count 试验性使用experimental是结构具有创造性，而不是其内容structure，rather than its content，that is inventive是能够公开的enabling disclosure首创性专利a pioneer parent首次销售穷竭first sale “exhausts”受法律保护的利益the interests protected 受让人assignees授权、转让delegate授权authorization授予Grants授予issued数据库repositories 数学方法mathematical method数学公式（或算法）mathematical formulas（or “algorithms”）数学算法mathematical algorithm数学证明mathematical manifestation说明书a specification说明书specification说明书和权利要求书the specifications and claims 司法裁决judicial decree 司法管辖范围the judicial arena司法怀疑理论judicial skepticism 司法解释judicial construction司法判断、裁量judicial fiat 司法审查judicial review私人出庭检察官（指可出庭为每个公民实施公共权利的个人检察官）private attorney general 思维步骤mental step思想-表达二分法the idea-expression dichotomy 诉讼费用costs诉因cause of action 诉争的litigated随意的arbitrary 损害赔偿damages损害赔偿damages 所有权转移transfer of ownership 12个月的宽限期a grace period of 12 months T特别是inter alia特定技术的历史history of the art 特定实用性a specific utility特殊规则ad hoc rules特殊情况exceptional case 特许经营权协议franchising arrangement提出抗辩interpose the defense 通用药品generic drugs 同时注册concurrent registration 偷窃purloined 推测的实用性speculative utility推定的实用性presumed utility推定放弃或法定放弃constructive or legal abandonment 推定使用constructive use 推定通知constructive notice 推定通知原则the doctrine of constructive notice 推断现有技术理论a doctrine of constructive prior art推论inference W外观设计专利design patent 外观设计专利design patents外观设计专利design patents外观设计专利及植物专利Design and plant patents王权、君主特权royal prerogative危及jeopardize危险jeopardy违反contravenes 违反violation违宪unconstitutional 维护vindicate 委婉的说法euphemism 未经授权的使用人unauthorized user 未透露发明的秘密without divulging the secrets of the invention文字上重叠literal overlap文学作品/音乐作品、戏剧作品、舞蹈作品、图形作品、音像作品、录音作品literary works, musical works, dramatic works, choreographic works, graphic works, audiovisual works, and sound recordings无保证许可naked licensing 无辜侵权innocent infringement 无过错侵权innocent infringement 无过错侵权人innocent infringer无任何效力has no effect at all无效的invalid无形的intangible无形性amorphous character无性繁殖植物asexually reproducing plant无需dispenses with 无选择余地a Hobsons choice 无意识的或者偶然的unconscious or accidental无意识侵权unconscious infringement 侮辱contempt 舞蹈choreography 舞谱choreographic notation 物理现象physical phenomenon物质的组合a composition of matter物质的组合compositions of matterX戏剧、电影plays, motion pictures 戏剧人物dramatic character 先发明人a senior inventor先例效力precedential先注册人senior registrant 显著性distinctiveness 现有出版物中的参考文献references to prior publications现有技术prior art现有技术prior state of the art现有技术和参考文献的完整结合the total combination of prior art and references现有专利Prior patents限于一定范围内或秘密使用limited or restricted限制bars限制circumscribed 限制解释a restrictive interpretation 相当于be tantamount to 相关的pertinent相关公司related companies 相关商品原则“related goods”doctrine 相关性relatedness 相互抵触的权利要求conflicting claims象征性交易token transactions 象征性使用token use 消费者的相似性the similarity of consumers 消费者的信任consumer loyalty 消费者期望consumer expectations 销售渠道channels of trade 肖像likeness 新的生命形式new life forms新技术new technology新颖、实用的改进new and useful improvement新颖性、装饰性和非显而易见性novelty，ornamentality，and nonobviousness新颖性novelty新颖性novelty 行会，互助会guild行会guild 行业trade 修订revisions修复与再造repair and reconstruction 修复与再造两分法repair-reconstruction dichotomy修正amend需求needs许可协议license agreement序言preamble续展renew选择、选定adoption 巡回法院circuits 协和作用synergism“形式”或“风格”“form”or”style” 先构思者常享有专利保护的优先权the first to conceive generally has priority to patent protection行政法上的用尽救济原则（指司法复审原则，要求原告只有用尽所有行政救济措施办法后，法院才不得拒绝复审行政机构的决定的请求）the exhaustion of remedies doctrine of administrative lawY哑剧pantomime 衍生物derivative掩膜作品mask works 演绎derivations演绎作品derivative works 一相关裁决a correlative holding 已公布published以地域为界on a geographic basis以类似的方式in a similar fashion 以有形形式固定作品fixation of the work into tangible form 以这么被普遍接受的方法in such a black-letter way 以最佳方式in its best mode 义务obligation艺术作品artistic creation 异常的或奇异的效果unusual or surprising result异议Challenge意想不到的效果unexpected results一种具有新颖性、实用性以及非显而易见性的方法或产品a new ,useful ,and nonobvious process or product异议程序、抵触申请程序、撤销程序及再同时注册程序opposition proceedings，interference proceedings，cancellation proceedings，de novo concurrent reg