英语专业四级作文常用单词、短语.doc

英语专业四级作文常用单词、短语 (一) 常用的形容词和副词：absurd荒唐的addictive上瘾的affectionate有感情的aggressive有上进心的alert敏锐的;警惕的arduous费劲的artistic艺术的authoritative权威性的awkward尴尬的balanced平衡的cogent使人信服的cold-blooded冷血的cold-hearted无情的compassionate富有同情心的compatible兼容的complicated复杂的confident自信的contemptible可鄙的contributive有贡献的corrupt腐败的delicious.美味可口的demanding要求高的detrimental有害的devious偏离正道的dishonorable不光彩的disturbed受到干扰的eccentric古怪的economical经济的enlightened开明的;文明的evil邪恶的exotic异国的fallacious荒谬的fashionable时髦的feasible可行的fictitious虚假的flexile灵活多样的fruitful有成效的glamorous富有魅力的gorgeous辉煌的humane人道的ignorant (of) 无视的;无知的impressive令人印象探刻的inborn天生的incompatible不调和的;不相容的inconceivable不可思议的indecent不妥的;不检点的indifferent冷漠的indispensable不可或缺的inexhaustible取之不尽的infectious传染性的inferior低人一等的infirm (身体)弱的influential有影响力的inhumane不人道的initially首先inquisitive多管闲事的insalubrious有害无益instructive 有教育意义的intellectual智力的interim中间的;过渡的interpersonal人际关系的intimate密切的inviolable不可侵犯的inward内在的irreparable不可挽回的irresistible不可抵抗的irritating恼人的isolated (from) 隔绝的laudable可赞誉的lavishly大方的legitimate合法的loyal忠诚的luxurious奢侈的magnanimous宽宏大量的mature成熟的misleading误导的misrepresented不如实叙述的money-oriented向钱看的multilateral多方面的nourished有营养的obscure晦涩的old-fashioned/out of date过时的palatable美味的perilous危险的permissive宽容的;许可的pernicious有害无益的pornographic色情的potential潜在的practical实际的;务实的preferential:优惠的pressing紧迫的prevailing占主导地位的;流行的professional专业的prosperous繁荣昌盛的prudent明智的psychological心理上rational理性的resentful愤怒的reverse相反的rewarding值得的ridiculous荒谬的rigid严格的rough粗略的self-contemptuous自卑的shabby破旧不堪的sheltered受保护的sociable好交际的sole惟一的stern/strict严格的stressful有压力的stringent严厉的stylish 时髦的superficial表面现象的tempting吸引人的time-honored久享盛名的traditional传统的typical典型的unadvised轻率的uncompromising不妥协的unconcerned冷漠的uneasy不自在的unethical不道德的unfeeling冷漠的unhealthy不健康的unified同一标准的unique独特的unjust不公平的unscrupulous肆无忌惮的unsociable不善于社交的untimely不和适宜的unwholesome不健康的utterly完全;绝对地vexing令人烦恼的vivid形象的voluntary自愿的vulnerable易受伤害的well-grounded有充足理由的wholesome健康的 (二) 常用的名词abolishment废除absurdity荒唐;谬论abuse滥用achievement成绩acquaintance熟人adaptation改写;适应admiration崇拜adventures/explorer探险者adverse impact负面影响adversity逆境affection友情/感情alienation疏远ambition志向amusement娱乐anecdote轶事apathy冷漠无情approach鼓掌architecture建筑art艺术assault攻击assessment评估association联想;联系athlete运动员availability可得到的东西barrier妨碍behavior行为beneficiary受益人budget预算burden负担campaign运动candidate候选人capacity能力celebrity名人character性格characteristic特征charm魅力clerk职员cohesion凝聚力colleague同事collectivism集体主义comfort舒适commercial商业广告commercialization商业化commodity商品companion/partner同伴conformity一致consensus同意consultation咨询consumption消费content内容containment满意;满足contribution贡献correlation相关性costume服装creativity创造性criteria条件cruelty残忍customer顾客cyber crime网络犯罪depression沮丧;低沉depression剥夺descendant后代deterioration恶化detour绕道developed countries发达国家developing countries发展中国家digestion消化吸收dignity尊严discipline纪律discomfort不舒服discontent不满足discrimination歧视;区别disgust反感disorder，无序状态disorientation迷失方向感disposition性格distraction干扰diversity多样化;多样性domain领域duplication重复(建设)duration耐用employee雇员employer雇主endeavor努力做enjoyment享受enthusiasm热情;狂热equality平等evaluation评价exception例外exhibition展览exploration探险export出口favor喜好feature特点fidelity忠实flexibility灵活性forefather/ancestor祖先freedom自由frustration挫折gallery美术馆garment服装goodwill善意gram雅致graduate毕业生guardian监护人halt停止;终止hardship艰难险阻heritage遭产horizon地平线hostility敌对humanity人性idol偶像immunity免疫力import进口indication迹象indictment控告indifference不关心individuality个性化industry工业;行业inequality不平等infrastructure基础设施ingenuity独创性initiative主动性instruction教导instructor教师integrity诚实intellectual知识分子intelligence智能interaction交际interference干涉interpretation解释intolerance不宽容intrusiveness干涉involvement参与jealousy妒忌jog慢跑joint effort共同努力journalist/correspondent记者joy/delight欢乐lack缺乏landmark标志性建筑;里程碑license执照life expectancy/life span寿命literacy读写能力manufacturer制造商match匹配measure侧量;评估millennium千年minority少数人misconduct行为不端morality道德motion抗议muscle肌肉myopia近视nationality民族;国籍norm准则notion观念;想法obligation义务obstacle障碍物occupation职业opponent对手originality独创性outcome产物outlook观点;景色participation参与pastime消遭peer同龄人penalty刑罚;处罚perseverance坚定不移personality性格perspective看法popularity普及;流行popularization普及practice做法precaution防范prerogative特权principle原则profession/occupation职业proficiency精通promotion提升prospect前景prosperity繁荣protocol协议prudence慎重public opinion舆论punishment惩罚purity纯洁性rebellion反叛recovery恢复regression衰退regulator监控者reliability可心度remedy/therapy疗法remote education远程教育revenue揭示/表现revenue总收人reward奖赏；报酬rumor/gossip谣言;传闻satisfaction满足self-discipline自律self-respect/self-deem自尊心shortcoming缺点side-effect副作用signal信号skyscraper摩天大楼sociologist社会学家soul灵魂specialty专业spelling拼写status地位stereotype成见straightforwardness直率strain压力；过度劳累strategy策略strength实力stress压力substance物质supplement补充sympathy同情symptom症状talent人才teenager青少年temper 性情；烦躁temptation诱惑threshold开端tip提示;技巧tolerance宽容tragedy悲剧trait特点trap陷阱triviality琐事troublemaker 捣乱者uniformity一致variety多样性;种类vexation烦恼victim受害者vitality/vigor/energy/vim活力；精力void空虚warmth温暖weakness缺点withdrawal退出;撤退zeal热情 (三) 常用动词abide by/obey/observe遵守abolish废除abuse虐待;滥用accommodate供给;调节acquire获取adore崇拜;爱慕allocate分配alter改变appeal to/attract吸引approach对待;处理approve of赞成arise出现across激发assume承担(责任)attach赋予;粘上attain/obtain/acquire获取;得到attend参加;就读ban禁止blue兴旺发达boon繁荣bring sb./sth. into full play充分调动的积极性censor审查characterize以一为特色charge收费cherish珍视claim宣称coexist共存coincide with与相符collect收集commute来回往返于condemn遭责consult咨询contaminate污染contribute to贡献crack down on打击cultivate培养defy不服从;藐视degenerate退化degrade使降级depreciate贬值deprive (of) 剥夺dessert抛弃detect侦查deter阻止deteriorate恶化determine决定disclose揭露discourage使气馁diversify使多样化divert使分心dominate占优势drop out退学；放弃eliminate消除endanger危害enlighten启发enrich丰富entertain招待;娱乐evaluate评价evolve演变exaggerate夸张exert施加(压力)expel排除;开除explore探究expose揭露give full play to充分发挥guarantee保证;担保hamper妨碍;牵制hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻碍idealize理想化identify辨认ignore无视;不理睬imitate模仿impair危害;伤害impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit限制incur招致;引发inflict承受inherit继承innovate改革创新invent money in投资install/set up/erect/fix./mount安装lavish浪费maltreat虐待maximize最大化minimize使最小化mould/build塑造neglect忽视oblige强迫observe/follow遵从overcome克服(困难)participate参与perform履行;表演please取悦preserve保留;保护prohibit禁止publicize宣传pursue追求quit放弃quote引用refine精炼reflect反映reform改革retreat,使恢复regulate管制;调控rehabilitate改造reject剔除relax修养release释放render给予represent代表resort to诉诸于深取restore重建;恢复restrain约束retain保留roam闲逛sacrifice牺牲shirk回避shun回避signify表示;意味spoil/indulge宠坏;溺爱spread传播steer驶向;掌舵stick to坚持stimulate刺激stipulate/set规定substitute代替supervise监督control控制surpass超过survive生存threaten威胁tolerate忍受treasure珍视trigger引发underestimate低估undermine危害unload摆脱负担vanish消失wither退化;萎缩wreck摧毁(四) 常用连接词:(1)表层进first/firstly/to begin with/further/in the fast placesecond/secondly/to start with/still/furthermorethird/thirdly/what is more/last/last but not leastalso/and/then/next/besidesand equally important/too/moreoverbesides/in addition/finally(2)表转折by contrast/although/though/yetat the same time/but/despite the fact that/even soin contrast/nevertheless/even through/for all thatnotwithstanding/on the contrary/however/in spite ofon the other hand/otherwise/instead/still/regardless(3)表因果therefore/consequently/because of/for the reasonthus/hence/due to/owing toso/according/thanks to/on this accountsince/as/on that account/in this wayfor/as a result/as a consequence(4)表让步still/nevertheless/granted/naturallyin spite of/all the same/of course/despite/even so/after all(5)表递进furthermore/moreover/li