语法专题九 虚拟语气 (9).doc

第九讲：动词的语气虚拟语气一真题自测【2013北京】35. - You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.- Well, I dont know. It do.A. mightB. needC. wouldD. should【2013湖南】32. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldntB. shouldntC. couldntD. mustnt【2013江西】29.When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. need【2013辽宁】31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drinkC. would have drunk D. must have drunk【2013陕西】21. The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get【2013四川】5. Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont 【2013天津】9. No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold.A. could B. must C. dare D. need【2013新课标II卷】6. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.A. can B. must C. would D. need【2013新课标I卷】29.The door open , no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldntB. couldntC. wouldntD. mightnt【2013浙江】3. I _ myself moreit was a perfect day.A. shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyedC. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed【2013重庆】26. - What are you doing this Saturday?- Im not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert.A. must B. would C. should D. might【2013安徽】34. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt【2013北京】34. If we a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked【2013福建】30. -Do you think George has passed the driving test?-No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday.A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven【2013江苏】30. I should not have laughed if I you were serious.A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought【2013陕西】12. My mom suggests that we eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would【2013天津】14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he able to speak it much better now.A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been【2013浙江】8. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.A. was B. be C. were D. is【2013重庆】29. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we A. hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont【2013安徽】28. I to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone二考点讲义一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:从 句主 句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。 2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt (couldnt) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式: (l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。 (2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成)6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是重要、奇怪、自然、必要等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用had十过去分词。如: I wish (wished) I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为would十动词原形。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。 (2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。 (2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。 注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。 4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在It is time (that) 句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是该干某事的时候了。如: Its (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。三考点强化【2012全国卷II】 Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need【2012重庆】25.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would【2012全国】30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustntC. shouldnt D. neednt【2012北京】33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced【2012福建】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited【2012陕西】17. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 【2012陕西】23. I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. wont B. cant C. can D. will【2012山东】30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made【2012湖南】29. Sorry，I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【2012天津】8. Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt 【2012天津】15. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home.A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered 【2012江西】22. We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt 【2012辽宁】24. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. might B. could C. shall D. will【2012辽宁】33. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 【2012四川】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 【2012浙江】19. Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had【2012江苏】28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt【2012江苏】35. -Happy birthday!- Thank you! Its the best present I _ for.A. should have wished B. must have wished.C. may have wished D. could have wished2011-情态动词和虚拟语气1.（2011辽宁卷）21. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will2.（2011北京卷）28. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been3.（2011北京卷）24.I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not4.（2011江西卷）23._ be the postman at the door, Its only sis oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neednt5.（2011四川卷）20.The police still have I found the lost child,but theyre doing about they .A.can B.may C.must D.should6.（2011全国II）8. If you_smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may7.（2011陕西卷）24.Will you read me a story ,Mummy? -OK.You_have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall8.（2011陕西卷）22.I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt goC. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone9.（2011湖南卷）28 .-No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.-Oh, you are really his big fan. A .can B. need C. must D.might 10.（2011福建卷）25.-Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? -I am afraid you _,in case he comes late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can11.（2011江苏卷）34. -I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.-How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolenC. should have stolen D. must have stolen12.（2011全国新课标卷）32They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. will B. can C. must D. should13.（2011浙江卷）11.Hows your new babysitter? We_ask for a better one ,All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt14.（2011重庆卷）25.Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I want to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. mightC. would D. should15.（2011福建卷）34.Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution。I it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attendedC.would attend D.would have attended四句子翻译1. 由于人类的过度猎捕，许多动物都已经灭绝了。(dieout,) 2. 飞机安全着陆之后，一些人喜笑颜开，而另一些人欣慰地哭了。(burstintolaughter;while;cryinrelief) 3. 开车的时候，你应该注意路标。(payattentionto;roadsigns) 4. 香烟含有很多影响健康的化学成分，这是众所周知的事实。(contain;chemicals;affect) 5. 政府提出了一项新的政策，旨在保护城市里一些重要的历史遗迹。(putforward,preserve) 6. 根据气象报告，今天将会是一个晴朗的日子。(accordingto) 五完成句子 11. Our English teacher suggested _(我们每人买) a good dictionary. (buy)12. _(听到这个消息), she couldnt hold back her tears. (hear)13. The purpose of the fence is _(不让进来) a type of wild dog called a “dingo”. (keep)14. Do you have any difficulty _(学英语)？ (learn)15. _(与相比) Shanghai, Yichang is a small city. (compare)16. Your exercise is quite good, _(除了书写有点糟糕). (except)17. They are in short of money, so they _(拿不出钱给每个办公室装空调) air-conditioners. (afford)18. This medical team _(由组成)five women and three men doctors has been sent to the remote village. (make)19. We should finish the task ahead of time _(无论有多难). (matter)20. This film is so instructive that it is worth_(再看一遍). (see) 六单词拼写 81. This great invention is sure to b_ the whole world. 82. The nurses in the hospital are very kind to the p .83. “Whats the p of the coat?” “One hundred yuan”.84. Now we can get i from a lot of ways, such as newspapers, TVs and the internet.85. By the time the 21st c_arts, I wonder how our daily lives will have changed. 86. Smoking is f_ in public places. 87. The doctor told Tom to open his mouth and put out his t_. 88. After twenty years hard work they paid off their d_. 89. The Third World is made up of d_ countries. 90. The island is c_ with the mainland with a bridge. 七词汇回顾1.cultural adj文化的2.survive v. 幸免于;幸存;生还3.remain vi.保持;仍是4.state n. 国家;政府;州;状态5.rare adj. 稀罕的;稀有的;珍贵的6.dynasty n.朝代;王朝7.belong vi.属于;为.的一员8.heat n. 热;热度 vt.把加热; 使激动 9.design n.图案；vt。构思；设计10.fancy adj奇特的;异样的 vt想象;设想;爱好11.jewel n. 珠宝;宝石12.reception n.接待;招待会;接收13.light vt.&vi. 点火;点燃;照亮14.wonder n.奇迹;惊奇15.remove vt.移动;搬开16.furniture n. 家具(总称)17.secretly 18.wooden 19.doubt 20.apart 21.trial 22.consider 23.opinion 24.evidence 25.prove 26.pretend 27.treasure 28.besides 重点短语29.look into 调查30.serve as 作之用,担任,供职31.take apart 拆开32.rather than 而不是,与其33.think highly of 着重,器重34.belong to 35.in search of 36.in return 37.at war 38.removefrom. 39.care about 40.agree with 八阅 读BEUING (Associated Press 美联社) China has a growing middle class, a tradition of expecting education and 21 million new babies every year. Selling educatioinal toys should be easy. While China may be the worlds biggest toymaker, many of the best are exported Department stores here do not have enough high quality toys. It is said that the demand for educational toys is low.A US company, BabyCare, is trying to change that with a new way to s