南开大学研究生考试基础英语2004 2005答案.doc

2004答案：1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.C 21.D 22.A 23.C 24.A 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.D 30.B 31.C 32.D 33.D 34.D 35.D 36.C 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.C答案：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.D 16.C 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.B答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.A 19.D 20.B译文：Section A笔译对口译由于人们以为笔译和口译是完全不同的两项活动，一个是书面活动，一个是口头活动，因此就会产生一些问题。然而，其实两者同是用接受语译出与源语文本最接近且最自然的口头或书面文本这一活动的一部分/两者同是此活动的一部分，即用接受语译出与源语文本最接近且最自然的口头或书面文本。两者之间的重大差别包括口译译员必须迅速做出决定；必须高度紧张以跟上口语的高语速；必须具备能够及时回忆起来的背景知识；愿意/敢于/勇于译出可能不够“完美”的译文。事实上，口译从来也不完美。但是，口译工作能为笔译译者提供重要的有利条件，因为口译直接迫使他/她跟上飞速前进的任何学科的最新发展，口译还突出强调，听到一种语言而说出另一种语言在很大程度上是个习惯性的机械过程，而有些笔译译者未能认识到这一点。在莫斯科的原莫里斯多列士外语学院，已在笔译方面显示出卓越才能的翻译家们可以接受测试，看看他们是否也有能力成为专业的口译译员。测试包括指定一个话题，用一分钟时间做准备，然后用一分钟时间就这一话题讲话。这类测试出于如下理由，认为口译，无论交传还是同传，都在更大程度上取决于组织信息的能力而并非确定涵义的能力。Section B From primary school to high school, what we have been studying/acquiring is no more than some basic common knowledge. Even during the four years in college, the lectures given still contain some rather superficial knowledge only. People usually call university the “highest institution of learning”, which is likely to cause misunderstanding that as if there were no other knowledge above this level. Research done in the university is only the most preliminary stage of study and the first attempt at conducting research and the emphasis is on the methodology and practice of research. Since knowledge is infinite, ones whole life is not long enough to gain knowledge. Thats why hoary-headed people in ancient times studied the classics, which means they continued to study even when their hair turned white with age. However, there is indeed great interest and fun in such kind of study.答案：Reading for Knowledge AND for FunReading is one of the basic abilities that all language learners should develop. After people have acquired this ability, they go on reading for various other reasons. Generally speaking, people read for mainly two reasons: one is for knowledge and the other is for fun. At first glance, the two may seem to contradict one another. However, after a closer study, we will find that they do not go against each other; instead, they accompany each other very well, which means we can read for knowledge and for fun at the same time.According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, knowledge means: 1) the information, skills, and understanding that you have gained through learning or experience; 2) when you know about a particular situation or event, or the information you have about it. Information, useful and significant or not, can be gained and opinions be formed through reading, in other words, all reading can bring the reader some knowledge. It might be the knowledge in a particular discipline when, say, doctors read literature on medicine. It may be in the form of news at local, national or even international level when you read newspaper or magazine. You may also gain an insight into various kinds of life experience and good or evil, overt or covert human nature when you read biography, autobiography, fiction, or even Japanese comics. Even reading ads can offer the reader information needed or not. Besides, readers can deepen their understanding of the notion of aesthetic beauty and develop their ability to appreciate the beauty of both the contents of the writing and the structure and language style employed. By offering knowledge to the reader, reading helps the reader know more about both the outside world and the inner world of human being and thus become more open-minded and more tolerant. Since all reading can give some knowledge, there is no reading that is for fun only. Although readers may start out for fun, they will be sure to end up, consciously or unwittingly, with knowing something new or forming some opinions, be it useful and beneficial or not.Although all reading can bring knowledge to the reader, some knowledge is more beneficial to the all-round development of human being than the other. The knowledge may not be exactly to peoples liking. For example, computer technologies are not commonly liked by students of liberal arts, but they have to take computer lessons and probably also read relevant books to acquire the basic knowledge of that particular discipline like Microsoft word process skills for that is indispensable for their survival and self-development in an era of information explosion. It is a necessary evil for them. However, in most cases, it is possible for reading for knowledge to be turned into reading for fun too. Since curiosity is a human nature, to know something that you do not know before by reading is itself great fun. Confucius once said that it was a great delight to review what one has learned at due time. To Review is a delight, not to mention to learn something new. In fact, the reader should try hard to find the good things about learning something new through reading though the knowledge may not be to his/her liking, and to turn the act of acquiring knowledge only into an act of seeking fun too. Thus they can get the knowledge more efficiently and effectively. Reading for knowledge AND for fun is our goal and is an attainable goal.2005答案1-20 DBACB DDCCD AACBC BBAAD 答案1-20 BCAAC BCBCA CCCCC ADBDC答案1-15 DBABA AADDC DDCDA 1. In your own words explain the philosophy of Richard St Barbe Baker.答: In my opinion, the philosophy of Richard St Barbe Baker reflects the close connection among the creatures. And this philosophy is very much alike that of our country. Everything is closely related. We shouldnt sacrifice one thing to satisfy our desire. Deforestation is threatening our life as well as the existence of our Earth. And this is the reason why we have to protect forest and plant more trees.2 In What way do trees prevent soil erosion?答: Trees trap soil and moisture, thus preventing the soil being washed away by erosion.3 If we carry on destroying forests in the southern hemisphere at the present rate, what will eventually happen?答: If we keep doing so at the present rate, the worlds tropical forest would be gone forever within 20 years. Then we human beings would face the hardship we have never expected. In the very end, human beings would die out miserably as we have no food, no fuel, no oxygen, etc. 4 What can we do to prevent the present situation deteriorating still further?答: Actually, we have much to do. For example, protecting the existing forest, planting trees, saving energy, etc. The most important thing for us is to foster a sense of protecting environment. Then we could really improve the environment around us and create a better world.5.How many reasons for uncontrolled deforestation does ecologist Eric Eckholm mention in his book The World Needs Its Forests? Please state the reasons.答: The reasons are as follows: unemployment, rapid population growth and the incapacity to regulate private enterprise to protect the public interest.6. For what reason have Puerto Ricans not been assimilated according to the passage?答: In host country, Puerto Ricans form their own ethnic communities where they enjoy the same culture as in home country. Besides, their island home is not far from US, so the frequent two-way flow between the two places disrupts the assimilation process.7. How does the author develop his idea in the passage?答: The author used methods like comparison and examples to support his idea, which is very obvious in the second paragraph.8.Which is a more complete absorption of an immigrant group by the dominant country? Assimilation or acculturation?答: Assimilation is a more complete form of absorption. From the last paragraph, we know that genuine assimilation means an immigrant is able to function in the host community without encountering prejudice or discrimination.9. What is the authors primary concern in the passage?答: What the author really concerns about is the reason why Puerto Ricans are not completely assimilated in the host country.10. What language do Puerto Ricans speak in their own ethnic communities in the United States?答: Spanish.参考译文火热的空气此刻更令人觉得闷了。它挂在树枝头，坐在我肩上，压得花儿都抬不起头来。带着一丝不安，我走到窗前。在天的西边，我找到了答案。蓝天之上，云叠着云，仿佛巨大白塔的脊。这刺眼的白色只持续了很短。它很快就退到了白塔的尖上，此时云显现了他们黑色的面目。下午的太阳被遮住了，天早早地黑了。此时一阵狂风，夹着尘土从路上呼啸而过，冷冷地发出警告，要变天了。房子里的门砰地一声合上了，窗帘也被吹得高高飘起。我急忙跑去关窗，收衣服，收拾天井里的物件。这时，我隐隐地听见远处的雷声。第一批大大的雨点落了下来，砸进尘士里，打在窗户上，留下一片雨痕。雨点劈里啪啦地落在通风口和天井的顶上，树叶被雨点砸得乱动，人行道上也留下了一片发亮的雨痕。参考译文二战后，美国选择了一条不同的道路。它加入了国际市场，促进建立了如世界银行，国际货币基金组织和关税贸易总协定等国际组织。随之而来的经济繁荣为三代美国人提供了工作机会，并帮助两个大洲从战争的废墟中重新站立起来。事实上，自罗斯福以来，每位美国总统都旗帜鲜明地支持开放的世界贸易。对美国在贸易上的领导地位，克林顿总统坚守他的职责。他坚信，在公平的贸易规则下，美国人会过得很好。他激励全国勇于竞争，决不后退。美国人民响应号召，知难而上。我们的另一个理想也充分表明了在世界贸易体系内美国的信念。我们相信，一个完善的国际贸易体系只有在所有国家都接受做为成员应有的责任而不仅仅是机会时才能维持下去。互惠互利的责任才是新的世界贸易体系的根基。遵遁法律是我们一切双边，地区和多边贸易联系的基石。参考译文测定新假说，发展新科技和工艺，要求扩大实验的范围和规模。这一要求导致拥有先进实验室和精密设备的研究集团或小组的组建。由于大量资金的注入，通过特定渠道引导这些资源以实现明确的目标显得十分重要。这样一来，人们认为能够用最快的速度取得最实际的成果。这就是项目研究。这种有组织，高标准的研究的影响之一在于使科学家更多地参与应用研究，特别是自然科学方面的研究，在这方面最能出成果。由于私人产业和政府部门更看重立时的成效，他们对于长期性的研究显得不那么热心。因而不断地有科学家从纯科学领域转向应用学科的研究，和在大学从事纯理论研究相比，应用学科能提供更多的工作机会，收入更高，而且各项设备更加先进。参考译文I read the story about this monkey in a book named Journey to the West. Monk Tang rescued this monkey, then he was ordered to escort the monk to go through numerous hardships to fetch Buddhist scriptures. Surely the scriptures were acquired, and its said that the monkey also became one Buddha.This story was very interesting and I was almost deceived in my whole childhood.Many years later, I told my child again this story. When we reached the part that Monkey King was rescued and started to protect Monk Tang to go to the West, my child suddenly told me: “Sun Wukong was so poor.”I was a little bit confused, and asked him why. He said that why Monkey King should follow a dull good-for-nothing master to fetch a scripture, which they didnt know what to do with it. Monkey King should make another uproar in Heaven.That night I couldnt fall asleep. By dawn, I seemed saw that face, the one always existed in my childhood dream. Surely its a monkeys face.参考译文The economy of western China would keep booming and offer more opportunities for foreign investors. After two decades speedy development, western region has accumulated certain amount of material and technique resources. Stable society, the ongoing establishment and refinement of market economic system, all these create a favorable market environment for western chinas speedy sustainable economic development. Chinese government would stick to the policy of enlarging domestic needs and combine this with adjusting economic structure, enhancing the development of science and technology and promoting opening. Along with the steady West Development, the advantages of western china would be brought to full play and the local economic development would be enhanced to a higher level. Our country encourages foreign investors to go to western china and gives them favorable policy support. This policy has already and will still exert its positive effect. To encourage more foreign investment in middle and western area and hasten the local economic development, our government since 1999 has established series favorable policies.参考答案Some people say that the best way to preserve the natural environment is to impose Penaltieswhether fines，imprisonment, or other punishmentson those who are most responsible for polluting or damaging it. I totally agree wi