专业四级语法考点归纳.doc

首都师范大学科德学院应用外语学院 英语专业四级备考系列英语专业4级语法考点归纳第一章：虚拟语气大纲要求：由于新大纲只是在“动词的时和体”部分中题及虚拟式，没有具体规定考点，以下考点是从历年考题中归纳。同时，为求完整，将一些目前专业四级没有直接考过，但有较高考察可能性的考点列出，作为参考。A. 相反情况考点一：三种基本形式 虚拟情况从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在相反过去式 （did）,be动词用wereWould (could, might, should)+动词原形与过去相反过去完成式 （had done）Would (could, might, should)+have+doneBe to have done (原计划应当实现却未能实现)与将来相反1. should do2. were to do3. 过去式 （did）Would (could, might, should)+动词原形（注：一般情况用would为多，强调能力用could, 强调可能性用might, 第一人称可用should）历年试题分析从过去的考题来看，主要考察的是与过去和将来事实相反的情况。If I knew more Japanese, I _ for the position. (1991-6)A) would apply B) will apply C) may have applied D) will have appliedIf you _ in such a hurry you _ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. (1992-50)A) were not, would not put B) were, would putC) had been, would have put D) had not been, would not have putI _ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mothers illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me. (1993-54)A) am to have finished B) was to have finished C) was to finish D) ought to finishIf your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (1998-43)A) shall need B) should need C) would need D) will needI _ the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there. (1996-43)A) would enjoy B) will have enjoyed C) would have enjoyed D) will be enjoyingI was to have made a speech if _. (1997-51)A) I was not called away. B) nobody would have called me away.C) I had not been called away D) nobody called me awayAll of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there. (20000-49)A) werent B) hasnt been C) hadnt been D) wouldnt been_ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? （2004-44）A) Would you be surprised B) Were you surprisedC) Had you been surprised D) Would you have been surprised预测试题Even if I had known her address, I _ time to write to her. (926)A. can not have had B. will not have hadC. must not have had D. might not have hadIf the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (996)A. was not planned B. has not been plannedC. had not been planned D. were not plannedRebecca _ me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month. (961-6)A. told B. would tell C. had told D. would have toldJean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. (961)A. had to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got总结： 考与过去情况相反的最多，同时注意否定句和疑问句（一般或特殊）的语序。考点二：错综时间条件句 （未考点）虚拟条件和结果在时态上明显表示2个不同的时间范畴，就要根据不同的时间采用不同时间类型的谓语动词形式。e.g.1 If the U.S. had built more homes for the poor in the 1950s, the housing problem there _ so serious now.A. would not be B. would not have been C. were not D. had not been e.g.2 If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now. (991)A. couldnt have smiled B. wouldnt be smiling C. didnt smile D. wont smile( 如果此题出现wouldnt smile 的选项，怎么选？)总结： 关键是看空格所在句子的时间状语。最常见的形式是从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反。考点三：倒装 只有当条件句的谓语动词本身含有had, should/could, were这三类助动词、情态动词或联系动词时，才可以将上述助动词提到主语前面而省略if.历年试题分析_ their help, we would not have succeeded. (1992-55)A) Hadnt been for B) Had it not been for C) It hadnt been for D) Had not it been for_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. (1994-62)A) If I realized B) Had I realized C) I realized that D) As I realized_, he would not have recovered so quickly. (1995-65)A) Hadnt he been taken good care of B) Had he not been taken good care ofC) Had not he been taken good care of D) Had he been not taken good care of_ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (2002-50)A) Had it not been B) Hadnt it been C) Was it not D) Were it not预测试题e.g.1 Her terror was so great _ somewhere to escape, she would have run for her life. (906-6)A. that had there only been B. that there had only beenC. only if there had been D. if there was onlye.g.2 My cat would not have bitten the toy fish _ it was made of rubber. (887)A. if she has known B. if she knewC. she should have known D. had she knowne.g.3 Im sorry Andy didnt want to go to the conference. _ willing to go, we would have paid all his expenses. (911)A. Being B. Was he C. Had he been D. He had beene.g. 4 _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrivee.g.5 _ for your help, wed never have been able to get over the difficulties. (916-6)A. Had it not been B. If it were not C. Had it not D. If we had not been总结：一定要把每个选项还原成正常语序，并且与句意保持一致。考点四：无“条件”虚拟句没有if等明显虚拟标志词，用连词或介词来代替从句，主句应该使用与句意相符合的时态。常考的连词：otherwise, or, but (that),常考的介词：but for, without历年试题分析We could _ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat. (1995-62)A) provide B) have provided C) not provide D) not have providedMuch as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash. (1999-52)A) I would have liked to B) I would like to have C) I should have to like D) I should have liked to预测试题e.g.1 We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. (956)A. had telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. would have telephonede.g.2 _ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time. (901-6)A. In case of B. In spite of C. Because of D. But fore.g.3 He must have had an accident, or he _ then. (901)A. would have been here B. had to be here C. should be here D. would be heree.g.4 The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I _ here 50 minutes sooner. (911)A. would be B. should be C. would have been D. had beene.g.5 Some women _ a good salary in job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. (20001)A. must take B. should have made C. would make D. could have madee.g.6 He might have been killed _ the arrival of the police. (956-6)A. except for B. for C. with D. but for e.g.7 Without the computer, we _ the tremendous medical advances in the last few decades. (879)A. could not make B. would not have made C. should not make D. must not have made总结：两种考法：考用什么介词或连词，记住：介词后面跟短语，连词后面跟句子。 考动词谓语部分，从句意和空格所在句的时间状语来判断。考点五：表示祝愿和方式的虚拟句型（未考点） 句型时间谓语动词I wishIf only (要是就好了)As if/as though现在: 过去式 （did）,be动词用were过去过去完成式 （had done）将来Would/could + 动词原形 （do）预测试题e.g.1 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. (936)A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followede.g.2 I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. (956)A. have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. could have slepte.g.3 If only the committee _ the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible. (971)A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approvee.g.4 You did tell me what to do. If only I _ your advice. (921-6)A. would take B. had taken C. took D. have takene.g.5 He didnt go to the party, but he does wish he _ there. (926)A. would be B. has been C. would have D. had beene.g.6 The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _ to it. (921)A. have not gone B. did not go C. had not gone D. should not have gone总结：千万不要忽略没有空格的部分，此部分往往暗示着该用何种时态。考点六：表示“宁愿”的虚拟语气句型 （未考点）句型时间谓语动词I would rather/sooner现在, 将来过去式 （did）,be动词用were过去过去完成式 （had done）预测试题e.g.1 Id rather you _ those important documents with you. (936-6)A. dont take B. didnt take C. wont take D. not takee.g.2 Wouldnt you rather your child _ to bed early?A. go B. went C. would go D. goese.g.3 You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. (981)A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gonee.g.4 Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being. (986)A. didnt B. wouldnt C. dont D. shouldnt 总结：注意表示将来用过去时，不用would，不要和I wish/if only/as if 混淆。考点七：表示委婉建议的虚拟句型It is high/about/proper time + 从句谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）历年试题分析If you have really been studying English for so long, its about time you _ able to write letters in English. (1999-49)A) should be B) were C) must be D) are“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know. But its about time _ on something.” (2002-51)A) Id decide B) I decided C) I decide D) Im deciding预测试题e.g.1 Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _ ? (966)A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go homee.g.2 “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world.” Edgar said to his boss angrily. (991)A. have realized B. should realize C. realize D. realizede.g.3 It is time the nations of the world _ a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons. (sa6)A. would call B. called C. call D. will call总结：一律用过去式，没有理由失分。Bshould do型考点八：表示建议的虚拟语气结构形式从句谓语动词形式动词宾语从句(should) do名词表语从句同位语从句过去分词表语形容词主语从句常见动词有：advise, ask, decide, command, demand, desire, insist, instruct, move, object, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, vote.常见名词有：advice, command, decision, demand, desire, idea, instruction, insistence, motion, necessity, order, plan, preference, proposal, recommendation, regulation, request, requirement, resolution, rule, suggestion, understanding, policy.常见过去分词或表语形容词：advised/advisable, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired(desirable), ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested, urged (urgent), insisted (insistent), preferred (preferable), appropriate, compulsory, crucial, imperative, natural, necessary, obligatory, vital, essential 历年试题分析The teacher demanded _ his essay immediately.(1991-4)A) Tom to hand in B) that Tom hands in C) that Tom handed in D) that Tom hand inShe asked that she _ allowed to see her son in police custody. (1993-50)A) would be B) could be C) be D) wasIt was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight. (1994-58)A) not B) need not C) could not D) would notHe left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here.A) should be B) ought to be C) must be D) would be预测试题e.g1 It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline. (901)A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sente.g.2 By signing this application, I ask that an account _ for me and a credit card issued as I request. (926-6)A. be opened B. opens C. is opened D. will be openede.g.3 It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures _ to solve the problem. (921)A. were taken B. be taken C. must be taken D. are takene.g.4 Our teacher recommends that we _ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum. (887)A. are B. shall be C. were D. bee.g.5 It is highly desirable that a new president _ for this college. (906)A. appointed B. is appointed C. be appointed D. has been appointede.g.6 It is of the utmost importance that you _ here on time. (956-6)A. are to be B. be C. shall be D. must bee.g.7 We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans. (936)A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informede.g.8 It is vital that enough money _ to fund the project. (971)A. be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collectede.g.9 I dont think it advisable that Tim _ to the job since he had no experience. (976)A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assignede.g.10 We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. (986)A. is to be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. be put offe.g.11 As Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense. (996)A. had been taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. to be takene.g.12 It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible. (20001)A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sente.g.13 The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 p.m. (941)A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C. dont play loud music D. couldnt play loud musice.g.14 The judge recommended that he _ for at least three years. (906-6)A. was not released B. had not been released C. not be released D. not releasede.g.15 One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature. (961-6)A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated总结：一般此类题总是与被动一起出，should往往省略。考点九：以防万一型（未考点）lest/for fear that/in case 从句谓语动词用(should)doe.g.1 The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way. (911)A. goes wrong B. should be wrong C. went wrong D. would go wronge.g.2 The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. (981)A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injuree.g.3 Youd better stay indoors in case the typhoon _ back again.A. comes B. should have come C. come D. will comee.g.4 Please remind him to take pills regularly for fear that he _ it.A. forgot B. will forget C. may forget D. forget总结：难度不高，但要当心被动。考点十：让步状语从句中的虚拟语气强势连接代词或副词引导的状语从句中用虚拟，历年试题分析Home is home, _ ever so homely. (1992-52)A) it is B) it were C) be it D) it be_, Ill marry him all the same. （2004-42）A) Was he rich or poor B) Whether rich or poorC) Were he rich or poor D) Be he rich or poor预测试题_ they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal be3fore the law. A) Be B) Were C) Are D) ShouldHe will do anything for her, _ to his death.A) be it B) it be C) were it D) it were_ from me to beg his mercy. A) Far be it B) Far it be C) No matter it be D) No matter be it第二章： 情态动词大纲要求：同样是在“动词的时和体”，大纲提到了“情态助动词的各种用法”。但从历年试题分析，91-05年考的相关题目全部考的是用情态动词的推测语气，尤其是表达对过去事情的推测。考点一：must/may/can语气程度对现在的推测对过去的推测Must较肯定的推测Must doMust have doneMay没有把握的推测May doMay have donemight相当没把握的推测(与过去时无关)Might doMight have doneCancouldMust 和may的否定形式Cant doCouldnt doCant have doneCouldnt have doneMust 和may的问式Can do?Could do?Can have done ?Could have done? 历年试题分析“She must be in the dormitory now.”“No, she _ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.” (1994-59)A) mustnt B) cant C) couldnt D) wouldntHe _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (1999-48)A) may have acted B) must have acted C) should act D) would actHe _ the 8:20 bus because he didnt leave home till 8:25. (1994-64)A) couldnt have caught B) ought to have caughtC) shouldnt have caught D) must not have caught“The door was open.”“It _open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.” (1992-48)A) cant be B) mustnt be C) cant have been D) mustnt have been预测试题He _ another career but, at the time, he didnt have enough money to attend graduate school. (951-6)A) might have chosen B) might choose C) had to choose D) must have chosenMarys score on the test is the highest in her class; she _ have studied very hard. (891)A) may B) should C) must D) can You _ her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks. (961)A) mustnt have seen B) must have seen C) might have seen D) cant have seen考点二：should/shouldnt/neednt 对过去的推测should have done 过去应该做却没做的事情shouldnt have done 过去不该做却反而做的事情neednt have done 过去不必做却做了的事情历年试题分析The meetings been cancelled. Ann _ all that work. (1995-55)A) need to do B) need haveC) neednt have done D) needed not to doAs it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. (1996-49)A) need not have dressed up B) must not have dressed upC) did not need to dress up D) must not dress upYou _ Mark anything. It was none of his business. (1998-52)A) neednt have told B) neednt tellC) mustnt have told D) mustnt tellYou _ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.(2000-48)A) neednt have told B) neednt tellC) mustnt have told D) mustnt tell总结：Should/shouldnt have done 是未考点预测试题They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. In fact, they _ at all. (906)A) neednt have gone B) mustnt have goneC) might not have gone D) wouldnt have goneTom _ better than to ask Dick for help. (916-6)A) should have known B) shouldnt knowC) has known D) shall knowWith all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night. (891)A) mustnt go B) wouldnt go C) oughtnt go D) shouldnt have gone考点三：情态动词的其他用法（未考点，次重点）As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _. (976)A) ought to be said B) must say C) have to be said D) need to sayIf you dont like to swim, you _ stay at home. (951)A) should as well B) may as well C) can as well D) would as wellJack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent. In a word, I _ speak too h