名词从句命题规律.doc

名词性从句命题规律名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其用法复杂,考查面广、量大,是同学们颇感棘手的语法项目,也是历年来高考的重点之一。现在让我们走近名词性从句,剖析其考查热点,探索其命题规律。一、考查名词性从句的语序不管主句的语气如何,名词性从句总是使用陈述语序。原题再现No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like答案是A。二、考查it作形式主语的用法英语中为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it代替主语从句,而把主语从句放到句子的后面。原题再现_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It答案是D。三、考查关联词的正确选用这是近几年高考的重中之重。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手:1.依据缺什么补什么的原则确定正确的连词认真分析句子成分,看从句中缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从句中缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what;如缺宾语, 指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;如果从句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:I dont know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主语,指人用who)I know what should be done and what shouldnt be done.(缺主语,指物用what)Im sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地点状语,用where)I dont know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定语,用what或which)2.注意几组易混连词的使用1) what与that这是高考测试的一对热点连词,同学们一定要将其掌握。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。原题再现_ he said is true.A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether答案是A。2) whether与ifwhether与if在引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及作介词宾语的宾语从句或后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。3) wh-+ever与wh-wh-+ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于名词/代词后加一个定语从句;而wh-如what, which, who, whom, when, where等除与前一种从句有相同的含义之外,还都有疑问意义。原题再现 Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late.A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever答案分别是C。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句都跟在名词后,极易为某些同学混淆。同位语从句是用来对前面的名词解释说明的,而定语从句是用来对先行词加以限制的;引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作任何成分,而引导定语从句的关系代词that则在定语从句中担任主语或宾语。原题再现 Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as答案分别是DB。第题是定语从句,第题是同位语从句名词性从句用法释疑 1. 主语是 reason 的表语从句要用 that 引导，而不用 because。 The reason (why) I came to school late today was that I didnt get up on time . 今天我上学晚的理由是我没准时起床。 2. that 作连接词，除少数介词(except , but , in)外，一般不能作介词宾语。that 引导的从句如果作其它介词的宾语，就需用 it 先行一步作形式宾语，把that 从句后置。 I didnt look anywhere except but (that I looked) in your room . 除了你的寝室以外，我那儿也没找。 You may depend on it that they will support you . 你可以依靠他们来帮你。 3. whether 引导所有名词性从句，能用于作介词宾语从句；和 or not 连用；用在 discuss , argue 等动词后和 sure , certain 等形容词后，引导宾语从句。 Whether it is true remains a question . 此事是否属实有待证明。4. 动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。 Do you doubt that he will win ? 你难道怀疑他将取胜 ? I dont doubt that your proposition is wrong . 我相信你的建议是错的。 He doubt whether I know it . 他怀疑我知道了此事。 5. 连接代词不仅有连接作用，而且还在从句中充当主语，表语、定语等句子成分。常见连接代词有 who , whom , whose which , what , whatever , whoever。 What surprised me most was that he won the first prize . 最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖。(what 作从句主语) 6. 连接副词除了连接从句外，还在从句中作状语。常见连接副词有 when , where , why , how。 How he became a great success is known to us all . 他怎样成了一个成功人物大家都知道。(how 在主语从句中作状语) 7. 名词性从句的语序。无论名词性从句是疑问句，还是陈述句，它的语序应为陈述语序。Do you know when he will come back ? 知道他何时回来吗 ? 8. 正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态。这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态。 若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态。 Will you tell me how you learned English well ? 告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗 ? I think hell be back in an hour . 我想一小时后他会来的。 若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态。 I thought they were having lessons . 我想他们正在上课。 Mary said she would help me with my English . 玛丽说她将帮我学英语。 宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 The teacher told us light travels faster than sound . 老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。 9. 语气问题 在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的动词之后，that-从句常用should表虚拟，should可省略，例如：They agreed/decided that a statue should be put up. He suggested that a reward should be offered. 在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的先行it结构中，that-分句的谓语动词常用should表虚拟，should可省略， 例如： It is necessary that everybody knows/should know what to do. It is important that we (should) work out a plan to cope with the crisis. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. 在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩的先