英国文学作家作品吐血整理下.doc

WORD格式整理版所处时期 姓名备注出身学校地位/评价流派作品Romant icism in England英国浪漫主义时期William Wordworth威廉华兹华斯1770-1850在湖区接受教育Gerondists moderate Republicans吉伦特派温和共和主义者后期：保守党，坚定拥护反革命政策律师家庭，6岁成为孤儿剑桥大学Lake Poets湖畔诗人 Poet laureate 桂冠诗人18431797和柯勒律治同居湖畔Distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language以简洁洗练的语言著称Escapist romanticists 早期消极浪漫主义者Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集 （with柯勒律治）（标志着同18世纪传统诗歌即新古典主义诗歌决裂，浪漫主义诗歌崛起）对大自然的热爱：Lines Written in the Early Spring，To the Cuckoo，I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud，My Heart Leaps Up，Intimations of Immortality，Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏（“lyrical hymn of thanks to nature”）对劳动人民的同情：The Solitary Reaper，We Are Seven，Michael，The Ruined Cottage, Simon Lee, The Old Cumberland Beggar, Lucy露西组诗自传体长诗：The Prelude 序曲Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯勒律治塞缪尔泰勒1772-1834空想成立类似乌托邦的“大众平等社”，晚年保守，为教会做辩论乡村牧师家庭基督慈善学校，剑桥大学肄业Lake Poets湖畔诗人Literary Critic 浪漫派的第一个文学评论家1797和华兹华斯同居湖畔Supernatural subjects 超自然三幕诗剧poetical drama：（with Southey）The Fall of Robespierre 罗伯斯皮尔的倒台Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集 （with华兹华斯）诗歌：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏梦幻诗：Kubla Khan忽必烈汗，未完成：Christabel 克里斯塔贝尔Robert Southey罗伯特骚塞1774-1843前期激进，后期变成保守党伦敦威斯敏斯特中学，牛津Lake Poets湖畔诗人Poet laureate 桂冠诗人1813不规则的押韵诗irregular rhymed verse，帮助浪漫诗体从18世纪禁锢中解放长诗：Joan of Arc 圣女贞德诗剧：Wat Taylor瓦特泰勒三幕诗剧poetical drama：（with Coleridge）The Fall of Robespierre 罗伯斯皮尔的倒台使其获得声誉的短诗：The Inchcape Rock, The Battle of Blenheim, My Days among the Dead are Passe散文：The Life of Nelson浪漫叙事长诗：Thalabathe Destroyer, Madoc, The Curse of Keharma, Roderick,the last of GothsGeorge Gordon Byron 乔治戈登拜伦1788-1824Clubfoot 跛足Lord Byron 贵族头衔加入希腊独立战争，病逝伦敦贵族家庭但被父亲抛弃，母亲性格多变哈罗公学，剑桥人民利益的坚定支持者与雪莱有亲密友谊与雪莱被公认为英国浪漫主义革命时期最伟大的两位诗人Active romanticists 积极浪漫主义者第一部个人诗集：Hours of Idleness休闲的时光讽刺长诗：English Bards and Scotch Reviewers演说：Song for the Luddites 卢德者之歌叙事诗（oriental tales）：Giaour，the Bride of Abydos，the Corsair，Lara，Parisina，the Siege of Corinth，the Prisoner of Chillon抒情诗：Herbrew Melodies希伯来歌曲其他：Sonnet on Chillon，Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗尔德游记诗剧：Manfred，Don Juan唐璜，Cain该隐，The Prophecy of Dante但丁预言，Vision of Judgement审判的幻景Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西比西雪莱1792-1822父亲是保守爵士伊顿公学牛津大学反宗教与拜伦有亲密友谊墓志铭：“The Heart of Hearts”众心之心热爱劳动人民，反对剥削“the most wonderful lyric poet England has ever produced”与拜伦被公认为英国浪漫主义革命时期最伟大的两位诗人The Necessity of Atheism 无神论的必然性Address to the Irish People 致爱尔兰人民长诗：Queen Mab 麦布女王The Revolt of Islam 伊斯兰的起义政治抒情诗：Masque of Anarchy，Song to the Men of England诗剧：Prometheus Unbound诗体历史悲剧：The Cenci戏剧讽刺诗：Peter Bell the Third抒情诗剧：Hellas散文：A Defence of Poetry给济慈的挽诗：Adonais其他抒情诗：Ode to the West Wind西风颂，to a Skylark致云雀，Loves Philosophy，One Word Is too Often Profaned，With a Guitar，to Jean，the Indian SerenadeJohn Keats约翰济慈1795-1821弃医从文，一直贫困，染绝症早逝15岁父母双亡在雪莱帮助下出版第一部诗集“here lies one whose name is writ in water”创作准则：“Beauty in truth，truth in beauty”艺术目的：always to create a beautiful world of imagination as opposed to the sordid reality of his day长诗：Endymion，Isabella，The Eve of Et.Agnes，Eamia，Hyperion（长篇史诗，未完成但最杰出）、短诗：Sleep and Poetry，Bright Star，When I Have Fear，所有特性体现在颂歌中Ode to Autumn，Ode to Melancholy，Ode on a Grecian Urn，Ode to a NightingaleCharles Lamb查尔斯兰姆1775-1834生于伦敦，姐姐精神病；严重口吃；在东印度公司工作33年基督慈善学校与柯勒律治有毕生的友谊浪漫主义学派的评论家特点：幽默，擅双关语和笑话使莎翁的戏剧通俗化代表了下层中产阶级的心声The greatest contribution to English literature：伊利亚随笔浪漫主义不成功的作品：诗Old Familiar Faces，On an Infant Dying as soon as Born 感伤罗曼史 Rosamuned Gray 笑剧 Mr.H评论：Specimens from English Dramatic Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare改编莎剧：The Tales from Shakespeare（第一部成功的文学作品）散文集：The Essays of Elia，Last Essays of Elia其中散文：Old China，Dream Children，The Superannuated Man，The Home Is Home Though It Is Never So Homely，A Dissertation upon Roast Pig，Christs Hospital Five and Thirty Years AgoWilliam Hazlitt 威廉哈兹利特父亲是持异教徒政见的牧师A deep-rooted radical激进者A master of the familiar essay随笔大师Romantic criticism浪漫主义文学评论家兰姆是他最好的朋友同巅峰时期的柯勒律治和华兹华斯会面浪漫主义者中唯一信仰法国大革命缘由不动摇的人评论：The Characters of Shakespeares Plays，Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth，Lectures on the English Poets，Lectures on the English Comic Writers，Spirit of the Age时代精神散文集：Table Talk，The Plain Speaker，Sketches and Essays，Winterslow优秀散文：My First Acquaintance with Poets，On Going a Journey，On Reading Old Books，Of Persons One Would Wish to Have Seen，The Feeling of Morality in Youth，On Taste，On Familiar Style，The Sick Chamber，The FightLeigh Hunt利亨特1784-1859因指责摄政王而入狱基督慈善学校散文家、评论家、诗人A martyr in the cause of liberty为自由而战的斗士对雪莱和济慈赏识晚年同狄更斯、卡莱尔、布朗宁成为朋友与哥哥出版周刊the Examiner 观察者帮助拜伦雪莱出版季刊The Liberal 解放者诗歌：The Story of Rimini，About Ben Adhem，Jenny Kissed Me 。其他：Autobiography自传散文：A Jar of Honey from Mount Hybla文学评论：Imagination and Fancy，Wit and Humour散文集：Men，Women，and Books ，The Town，Table Talk，The Old Court SuburbThomas De Quincey 汤姆斯德昆西1785-185915岁时会希腊语抽鸦片的人“the opium-Eater”富商之子牛津肄业湖畔诗人密友闻名：ornate descriptions of his fantasies and dreamsGreat turn in English prose style from plain to ornate prose-writing标志着英国散文风格从平实到华丽的重大转变The Confession of an English Opium-Eater，Autobiographical Sketches，Literary Reminiscences，Sighs from the Depths，The Confession，The English Mail-Coach，The Spanish Military Nun，The Revolt of the Tartars评论：On the Knocking at the Gate in MacbethSir Walter Scott沃尔特司各特1771-1832生于爱丁堡放弃法律从事文学政治上的保守党父亲是律师，母亲擅长讲故事本时期唯一小说家The founder and great master of the Historical novel历史小说的奠基人和大师Transition from romantisicm to the period of realism标志着浪漫主义向现实主义过渡Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border苏格兰边区歌谣集长诗：The Lay of the Last Minstrel, Marmion, The lady of the Lake Historical novels 历史小说：（苏格兰）Waverley（第一部小说）Guy Mannering，Old Morality、Rob Roy、The Heart of Midlothian，（英国）Ivanhoe，Kenilworth，The Fortunes of Nigel，Woodstock，Peveril of the Peak，（法国）Quentin DurwardSt.Ronans Wells（唯一一部讲述现实生活的）English Critical Realism英国批判现实主义Thomas Hood托马斯胡德1799-1845Chartist poets反映社会矛盾的诗：The Song of the Shirt 衬衫之歌The Bridge of Sighs 叹息桥Ernest Jones欧内斯特琼斯1819-1869生于柏林断绝统治阶级关系，加入宪章运动，第一国际与贵族有关系，父亲是少校The greatest of the Chartist poets 最伟大的宪章诗人结识马克思和恩格斯Chartist poets长诗：The Revolt of Hindostan，or the New World印度起义，或新世界 （an epic of class struggle）抒情诗：The Song of the Lower Classes 下层人之歌The Song of the Wage-Slave 雇佣劳动者之歌（almost as battle hymns几乎是战斗圣歌）Thomas Cooper托马斯库伯1805-1892制鞋工自学父亲是染工“The last of the Chartists”“Shakespeare general”标志着普通工人首次尝试创作工人阶级文学Chartist poetsThe Shakespearean Chartist Hymn Book 莎士比亚宪章运动圣歌集（1842，包括他朋友的作品）William James Linton 威廉詹姆斯林顿分发革命杂志The poor Mans GuardianA well-known “agitator”煽动者，笔名“Spartacus”Chartist poets抒情诗：Blade-Time Will Come小草终将发芽揭示了诗人对人民光辉自由前程充满乐观的自信Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯1812-1870鞋油厂工作-学习-律师事务所-国会记者-报社童年不幸Politically and ideologically，he was a Radical 激进者Remembered first of all for his character-portrayal特点：satire讽刺 exaggeration夸张critical realists 第一阶段：Sketches by Boz 博兹随笔，The Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传，Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿，Nicholas Nickleby，The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店，Barnaby Rudge第二阶段：American Notes美国札记，Martin Chuzzlewit；A Christmas Carol圣诞欢歌，The Chimes钟声，The Cricket on the Hearth 炉边蟋蟀，Dombey and Son董贝父子，David Copperfield（顶峰）第三阶段：Bleak House荒凉山庄，Hard Times艰难时世，Little Dorrit小杜丽，A tale of Two Cities双城记，Great Expectations远大前程，Our Mutual Friend，Edwin Drood（未完成） William Makepeace Thackeray威廉梅克皮斯萨克雷1811-1863生于印度加尔各答画卡通曾为Punch笨拙 写稿英国官员家庭剑桥肄业Vanity Fair名利场is one of the greatest masterpiece of critical realism One of the greatest critical realists of 19th century Europe后转向pessimism悲观主义The Snobs of England势利者集（文学生涯的前奏）Vanity Fair名利场（最高峰）向现实妥协：Pendennis，The Newcomes纽克姆一家历史小说：Henry Esmond，The Virginians最后著作：Denis Duval （未完成） Jean Austen简奥斯汀1775-1817乡村牧师Style：easy and effortlessKeeps the balance between fact and formNorthanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺，Sense and Sensibility理智与情感，Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见，Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园，Emma，Persuasion劝导Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特1816-1855穷牧师的女儿慈善学校Believed that education was the key to all social problems诗集：Poems by Currer，Ellis and Acton Bell散文：Professor教师，小说：Jane Eyre简爱，Shirley谢利，Villette维莱特Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特1818-1848未婚慈善学校The most gifted of the Bronte “Stronger than a man，simpler than a child”诗集：Poems by Currer，Ellis and Acton Bell小说：Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄诗：Old Stoic，Last LinesAnne Bronte安妮勃朗特1820-1849未婚诗集：Poems by Currer，Ellis and Acton Bell小说：Agnes Grey，The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall怀德费尔庄园的佃户Mrs.Gaskell盖斯凯尔夫人1810-1865父亲，丈夫都是牧师作品得到狄更斯支持和夏洛蒂勃朗特是好友，为其写传记首批描写“the Hungry Forties”Mary Barton 玛丽巴顿Cranford克兰福，Ruth露丝，North and South北与南（转折点，放弃批判现实）作品发表在狄更斯的期刊All the Year Round和Household WordsGeorge Eliot乔治艾略特1819-1880本名：Mary Ann Evans会德语、法语、意大利语Freethinker自由思想家父亲是农场代理人Her novels mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of English Critical realism following that of Dickens and Thackeray进步：人物不荒诞，真实普通倒退：把重点从社会问题转移到宗教和道德问题翻译Feuerbach费尔巴哈的著作故事集：Scenes of Clerical Life教区生活场景历史小说：Romola罗穆拉（意大利文艺复兴）政治小说：Felix Holt the Radical（歪曲了工人运动）小说：Adam Bede亚当贝德，The Mill on the Floss佛罗斯河上的磨坊，Silas Marner织工马南（最后的）Middlemarch 米德尔马契，Daniel DerondaProse-writers and Poets of the Mid and Late 19th Century19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人Thomas Carlyle托马斯卡莱尔1795-1881苏格兰农民家庭爱丁堡大学肄业“The sage of Chelsea”乞尔斯的哲人“a modern prophet”现代先知英雄崇拜理论爱丁堡大学荣誉校长没有葬在威斯敏斯特教堂妻子：Jane Welsh文学评论家，Romantic school代表作是essays on Burns将德国文学介绍到英国：Life of Schiller席勒的生活 翻译歌德Goethe的：Wilhelm Meister少年维特第一篇原创小说 Sartor Resartus 再造的缝工（标志着他文学学徒生涯结束the close of apprenticeship to literature）History of the French Revolution 法国革命史（1837，established his literary reputation as a great writer）四个系列的演讲之一，可能是他最著名的作品：On Heroes，Hero-Worship，and the Heroic in History反映英国问题的小册子：Chartism，Past and Present，Latter-Day Pamphlets传记小说，最长的，阐释英雄崇拜理论：Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell，The History of Frederick the GreatJohn Ruskin莱丝金1819-1900富裕的酒商家庭，母亲信教牛津肄业Art critic艺术评论家，后转向社会评论；为唯美主义出现铺平道路政经小品文在萨克雷的Cornhill上发表遭抗议，Fraser也是组建慈善协会St.George；为工人开办艺术学校，办博物馆A social thinker and a master of English艺术评论三部代表作：Modern Painters现代画家（五卷，历经17年），The Seven Lamps of Architecture，The Stones of Venice政治、经济小品文：Unto This Last时至今日，Munera Pulveris经济学释义包括两篇演讲：Sesame and Lilies芝麻与百合自传未完成：Praeterita过去的岁月儿童文学：The King of the Golden RiverMatthew Arnold马修阿诺德1822-1888橄榄球学校校长的长子牛津Educationalist of the Victorian Age著名教育家，poet，One of the great literary critics文学评论家不可缺的特性-“Disinterestedness”无偏见演讲集：On Translating Homer论翻译荷马文学评论：Essays in Criticism评论文集，Second Series评论文续集社会评论：Culture and Anarchy文化与无政府主义评论宗教：Literature and Dogma文学与教条著名短抒情诗：Dover Beach多佛海滩T.B.Macaulay麦考利辉格党剑桥散文家，政治家，演讲家，历史学家，诗人，评论家代表作：History of EnglandCritical and Historical EssaysAlfred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892牧师家庭剑桥维多利亚时期最重要的诗人One of“The Big Three”“Poet of the People”1848年被封爵士，1850年桂冠诗人死后葬在威斯敏斯特和哥哥的小册子：Poems by Two Brothers第一本自己的诗集：Poems，Chiefly Lyrical 18331842，Poems （两卷，大获成功，奠定诗人地位）三部著名的较长的诗集：Princess，Maud，The Idylls of the King国王叙事诗（其中Crossing the Bar最好）挽歌集：In Memoriam 悼念 （诗歌成就的巅峰之作）Robert Browning布朗宁1812-小康家里蹲追随雪莱，喜欢美学很快放弃政治态度中产阶级自由主义“The Big Three”维多利亚时期最重要的诗人诗风：晦涩、擅长内心独白第一首诗Pauline波林，第二首：Paracelsus杯具：Strafford（成名）Sordello（遭抨击）戏剧诗：Pippa Passes皮帕经过，收录在诗集Bells and Pomegranates铃铛与石榴（吸引了 Barrett）诗集：Men and Women男人和女人诗剧：The Ring and the Book 指环与书最后诗集：AsolandoElizabeth Barrett伊丽莎白巴雷特1806希腊文，希伯来文富豪布朗宁夫人与华兹华斯是朋友对政治和社会观点激进主张妇女的工作权利13岁出版诗集The Battle of Marathon马拉松战役翻译希腊杯具：Prometheus Bound暴露童工制罪恶：The Cry of the Children诗集：Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗最出色：Casa Guidi Windows，Poems before CongressRobert Louis Stevenson史蒂文森1850-1894建筑师之子爱丁堡大学新浪漫主义代表风格：简洁几近完美注重处理素材的技巧而非文学创作观念的价值Neo-Romanticism新浪漫主义游记：An Inland Voyage 内陆游记，Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes骑驴旅行随笔评论集：Virginibus Puerisque给少年少女，Familiar Studies of Men and Books，Memories and Portraits回忆与画像冒险浪漫故事：Treasure Island宝岛（成名）Kidnapped诱拐，The Black Arrow黑箭，The Master of Ballantrae，Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde化身博士Walter Pater沃尔特佩特1839-1894唯美主义代表学者，批评家，文论家“为艺术而艺术”Aestheticism唯美主义Studies in the History of the Renaissance文艺复兴历史研究，（其结论看作是唯美主义运动的宣言）哲学小说：Marius the Epicurean享乐者马里斯，作者的思想自传其他：Imaginary Portraits，AppreciationOscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900爱尔兰牛津唯美主义代表，追随佩特诗人 戏剧家 小说家 评论家诗集：Poems（模仿三位诗人）童话故事：The Happy Prince and Other Tales，A House of Pomegranates；短篇故事集：Lord Arthur Saviles Crime and Other Stories；评论集：Intentions；唯一小说：The Picture of Dorian Gray；四部喜剧：Lady Windermeres Fan，A woman of No Importance，An Ideal Husband、The Importance of Being Earnest；杯具：Salome；散文集：De Profundis最后一部：The Ballad of Reading Gaol20th century English Literature20世纪英国文学Samuel Butler塞缪尔巴特勒讽刺资阶虚伪道德观批判现实主义小说：Erewhon，Erewhon RevisitedThe way of All Flesh众生之路George Meredith梅瑞迪斯His novels are masterpiece of satirical portrayal and psychological analysisThe Egoist利己主义者Herbert George Wells威尔斯批判现实主义最后一个代表Rudyard Kipling吉卜林The bard of imperialism帝国主义诗人小说：Ki