阅读理解部分真题解析及解题方法(一) 2009年12月PRETCO(A级).doc

2009年12月PRETCO(A级) 阅读理解部分真题解析及解题方法(一)(保留原题号，a卷)Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements , numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollors in money and investment to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives.Aleem Walji works for G-the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the companys first project will help identify where infectious ( 传染性的) diseases are developing. In southeast Asia and Africa, for example, G will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats.Gs second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance（小额信贷）is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says G wants to develop ways to bring investors and owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth .G will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars.The creators of Google have promised to give G about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future. 文章大意 短文介绍谷歌公司利用信息和科技力量所实施的一揽子扶贫计划。援助找到传染病的根源；援助中小企业发展壮大以创造更多的就业机会；同时援助两个气候变化项目。谷歌承诺每年都将投入1%的利润和1%的股值用于这些扶贫计划。 36. The purpose of Googles investments is to_ .A) help poor peopleB) develop new technologyC）expand its own businessD) increase the power of information答案 A)解析 此题属于事实细节题。事实细节类考题在历次三级考试中出现的频率最高，几乎占到整个阅读考题的95%以上。事实细节题是指针对原文提到的事物、现象或理论等进行提问，它主要涉及主要人物、主要事件、主要情节、主要过程、主要的原因和结果、主要的数据及主要的时间和地点等内容。辨认文中事实与细节可从以下几个步骤入手：（1）先确定文章中心思想；（2）带着问题有目的去读，找出特定事实与细节。迅速确认题干中关键词/词组，到文中的相应位置周围寻找同义词/词组、近义词/词组（有时关键词/词组会以其他词性形式出现），它们往往引出所需正确答案，即运用“回文查读定位法”；（3）注意区分作者观点和事实；（4）注意句与句、段落之间表达因果、顺序等关系的连接词，比如as a result, first, second等。一般来说，题目排列的次序与文章的结构基本是一致的，即题目需要的信息点在文章中是按顺序出现的。解题时，可首先仔细阅读题干，找出关键词或词组，然后在原文中找到相关的句子，从选项中找出与原文描述相对应的、符合原文意思的一项。依据题干信息和选项关键词The purpose of Googles investments is to，可知答案对应句在短文的第一句“Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollors in money and investment to help the poor.”，由此可推知正确答案为A)。37. According to Aleem Walji, the companys first project is to _ . A) set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseasesB) find out where infectious diseases developC) identify the causes of infectious diseasesD) cure patients of infectious diseases答案 B)解析 此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词first project，可知答案对应句在短文第二段的第二句“He said the companys first project will help identify where infectious ( 传染性的) diseases are developing.”，由此可知正确答案为B)。38. What kind of businesses will benefit from Gs second project?A) large enterprisesB) cross-national companiesC) foreign-funded corporationsD) small and medium-sized businesses答案 D)解析 此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词second project，可知答案对应句在短文第三段的第一句“Gs second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow.”，由此可判断出正确答案为D)。39. From the fourth paragraph, we learn that Googles money is also invested to heip_ .A) start more research programsB) make more advanced electric carsC) develop renewable and coal-based energyD) conduct studies related to climate changes答案 D)解析 此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词to heip，可知答案对应句在短文第四段的第一句“G will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year.”，由此可判断出正确答案为D)。40. From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by G come from_ .A) Googles profits and stock valueB) some international IT companiesC) the companys own interestsD) local commercial banks答案 A)解析 此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词to heip，可知答案对应句在短文最后一段的第一句“The creators of Google have promised to give G about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year.”，由此可判断出正确答案为A)。 Task 2 Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements arenumbered 41 to 45. Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands. Some bosses are hard to get along with. Some have excellent qualifications but no idea when it comes to dealing with people. Of course, not all bosses are like that. The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the career ladder. Your boss is not only your leader , he is also the person best equipped to help you do the job you are paid to do . He can inform you of company direction that may affect your professional development. Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his objectives. He needs your feedback in order to provide realistic and useful reports to upper management. But how does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss? The key is communication. Learn and understand his goals and priorities (优先的事). Observe and understand your bosss work style. If he has not been clear with his expectations, ask ! Likewise, ask for feedback and accept criticism gracefully. And if he understands that you do not view your job as just something to fill the hours between 9 and 5, he may be more likely to help you . In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and management style. 文章大意 短文谈及如何处理好与公司老板的关系及其重要性。职员的职业升迁由老板决定; 老板需要职员尽全力实现其企业目标；职员需要了解老板的喜好、性格及其管理风格。 41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that_ . A) bosses are hard to deal with B) bosses have good character C) bosses determine your career future D) bosses must have similar personality答案 C)解析 此题属于主旨大意题。此类题主要考查考生对整篇文章或段落的理解和概括能力，主要涉及文章的中心思想、主题和标题等，答案往往在主题句中。通常，主旨/段意由主题句或段首句体现，非常容易发现，有时也位于文尾或段尾，这种方式叫显性主旨/段意；另一种是隐含在文中的，需要读者用自己的话去概括或总结，叫做隐性主旨/段意。在回答主旨题时，务必选择高度概括的选项，答案越概括越好，涵盖面越广越好。完成显性的主旨题时要注意选项和文中的同义词、近义词，不同的语法结构和不同的视角对这些内容的重述，而隐性的主旨题由于文中没有现成的句子表达，需要读者通过上下文总结概括。此题属于显性的主旨题。依据短文第一段第一句“Your boss holds your future prospects in his hands.”，可推知正确答案为C)。42. In the second paragraph, “rise up the career ladder”(Line 2) means_ . A) going to work abroadB) changing jobs frequentlyC) being promoted in position D) pursuing an advanced degree答案 C)解析 此题属于语义猜测题。解此类题最重要的是理解生词出现的语境。狭义的语境可以理解为生词本身的结构或它在文中的上下文。广义的语境可以包括文章的语域、读者的认知结构以及社会文化背景知识等。归纳猜测词义常用的一些方法，可以发现主要是通过以下线索：（1）内部线索，即通过词的前后缀、词根等推测词义。（2）定义线索，包括X is /means Y的正式定义，也有通过描写、比较与对照、同位语及信号词下定义的方法。(3)物理环境线索，如图片、图表等。（4）篇章线索，这种线索存在与学习者的脑中，尤其是经历和背景知识。依据题干信息回到原文，我们可以找到答案的对应句在短文第一句和第二句“The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the career ladder. Your boss is not only your leader , he is also the person best equipped to help you do the job you are paid to do .”，根据第二句所描述表达的内容，可以判断答案为C)。43. In order to achieve his objectives , your boss expects that you willl_ . A) do your best in your work B) show your management skills C) get along with your colleaguesD) write reports to upper management答案 A)解析 此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息和关键词In order to achieve his objectives，可知答案对应句在短文第三段的第一句“Your boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his objectives.”，由此可知正确答案为A)。44.The most important factor for establishing a good woking relationship with the boss is_ . A) high expectationsB) quick feedbackC) frequent criticismD) effective communication 答案 D)解析 此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息和关键词The most important factor ，可知答案对应句在短文第四段的第一句“The key is communication.”由此可知正确答案为D)。45. The best title for the passage might be _ .A) How to Take Care of Your Boss B) How to Get Along with Your BossC) How to Accept Your Bosss CriticismD) How to Accomplish Your Bosss Objective答案 B)解析 此题属于主旨大意题。依据短文的最后一段“In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and management style.”，可推知正确答案为B)。 Task 3Directions: The following is an Announcement. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to 50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly. We welcome you aboard the Eastern Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable.For your safety and convenienceTo begin the trip, we would like to draw your attention to some safety-related details. These are also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you. Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on . It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times while seated. All flights are non-somking . The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is not allowed.For your entertainmentTo help you enjoy your trip , we provide a range of newspapers .On our MD-11 and Boeing aircraft, we provide music and video programs. On Airbus A 321/320/319, short videos are shown.Meals and drinks During most flights we serve you a tasty meal and drinks. Beer, wine and other drinks are served free of charge. Coffee, tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic (国内的) flights .On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to Northern China ,a snack is served. 文章大意 短文介绍飞机飞行过程中的注意事项。安全方面：系好安全带，关闭手机，不得吸烟，不得播放CD和DVD; 娱乐方面：备有报纸，提供音乐及录像; 饮食方面：可以提供可口的餐点和饮料。 Eastern Flight ServiceSafety and convenience1) Seat belts: remain 46 while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on2) Somking : not alloweed on board3) Mobile phones: used only when the airplane is 47 4) CD and DVD : not allowed to play 48 Entertainment provided 1) newspapers2) music and 49 on MD-11 and Boeing aircraftMeals and drinks on board1) meals served on most fllights2) coffee ,tea and juice served free of charge3) a snack served on all flights to 50 . 46. 答案 fastened 解析 这是事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词remain，可知答案对应句在For your safety and convenience部分的第三句“Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is o