Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live.doc

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We LiveLanguage Points of Text A:I. Words and Expression1get around/ round to sth./ doing sth.: finally do sth. after dealing with other matters, find the necessary time to do sth.e.g. Im very busy at the moment but I hope to get round to answering your letter next week. 2 haul: a)transport, as with a truck, cart, etc. 搬运e.g. 救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄。The rescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded villages.b)pull or drag sth. with effort or force (用力的,费力的)拉 拖 拽e.g. Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the crashed train.CF: haul, drag & pull 这几个词都是动词，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。haul 指缓慢而费力地拖一极重之物，有时可表示很困难地拽。e.g. Lorries haul heavy goods from factories to the ports.大卡车把沉重的货物从工厂运到港口。drag 指施力者在地面或表面上缓慢而沉重地把东西拖过一段距离，该词通常使人想到主动或被动的阻力。e.g. You might drag a heavy box across the ground if you couldnt lift it.如果你提不动一个重箱子，你可以在地上拖着它走。pull 指朝任何方向移动，一般后接副词或副词词组以表示移动方向。e.g. They pulled hard but the rock remained immovable. 3supplement vt. 补充 增补 (with)e.g. 医生建议我在饮食中增补维生素E和A.The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A.n. 补充物 e.g. She has been ill and must have supplements to her ordinary food.4spray: vt. force out liquid in small drops upon (followed by with) 喷洒e.g. Ill have to spray the roses with insecticide to get rid of the greenfly (蚜虫).e.g. They sprayed the Presidents car with bullets.5 pursue： vt. 努力完成 追求 从事e.g. He is pursuing his studies at the university.e.g. After graduation Martin chose to pursue the same career as his father as an writer.毕业后马丁选择从事与父亲相同的作者这种职业.6 get through: come successfully to the end 成功度过e.g. 当地政府已采取措施确保人们安全过冬.The local government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people will get through the winter.e.g. She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college.7 on balance: with all things considered 总的来说 all in all in general e.g. On balance, its probably not advisable to change the companys name. 总的说来，换公司名字或许不太明智。NB: balance的反义词是imbalance。此外，与balance有关的其他搭配有：keep ones balance 保持平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡strike a balance 力求折中 in the balance 不确定，成败或安危未定8 illustrate: vt. 加插图于 举例说明e.g. The editor has illustrated the book with blank-and-white photographs.编辑已用黑白照片给这本书加了插图.CF: illustrate, exemplify & demonstrate 这三个词都是动词，都有“举例说明”之意。illustrate表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画，目的是使说明生动、逼真或有效，从而真实地说明某一观点。e.g. The way that a pump works is used to illustrate how the heart sends blood around the body. 抽水机抽水的原理能够用来说明心脏怎样使血液周身循环。exemplify表示使用事例说明一个笼统而抽象的陈述，或佐以揭示某一提法的真实。e.g. Knights exemplified courage and courtesy. 武士们是勇敢与礼貌的榜样。demonstrate 表示用足够数量及可靠的证据说明某一学术争论、结论的真实性，也可用于说明人或事。e.g. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed. 伽俐略证实了重量不同的物体以同样的速度下落。9 digest: n. 文献 摘要e.g. He was so busy that he only read a concise digest of their project. 他太忙了以至于他只读了读工程的简单摘要。v. 消化 融会贯通e.g. 吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。It often takes long time to digest new ideas.10 pick up 1) be ready to pay准备付账 2) take hold of and lift up 握住并提起来3) gain; get 获得 4) improve 改进 5) gather together; collect 聚集 收集 6) collect someone or something from a place 从某处收集Click the sentence to match the definition1. Where did you pick up your excellent English? -32. Please pick up all your toys when youve finished playing.- 53. If he loses the case, Michael will have to pick up the bill for legal costs. -14. Ill pick you up at your hotel. -65. She picked up a stone and threw it at the window. -26. Mary has been ill, but shes picking up now. -411 aside from: except for; in addition to (more usual in American English; same as apart from)除了 除之外还有e.g. This composition is good aside from a couple of spelling mistakes。e.g. 万籁俱寂，只有从远处偶尔传来汽车喇叭声。Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.12 cut back: reduce in size or amount Pattern: cut back sth.; cut back on sth.e.g. 我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。We oppose any plans to cut back (on) education budget.13 suspect:v. 1) believe to be true, likely or probablee.g. Scientists realized that Mars evolution had been more complex and fascinating than they had suspected.2) believe to be guilty (suspect sb./sth. of sth.)e.g. The police suspect him of murder.n. a person who is suspected of guilt, esp. in a crime e.g. The police have arrested two suspects in connection with the bank robbery.CF: suspect, assume & presume这几个词都可用作动词，都有“主观想像”之意 suspect 意思是“猜想”、“觉得会”、“有点感觉到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。另外，该词有“怀疑”、“怀疑某人有罪”之意。e.g. We suspected that he was lost, even before we were told.别人告诉我们之前，我们就怀疑他失踪了。assume 意思是“假定”、“设想”，指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真理。e.g. He assumed that the train would be on time. 他假定火车会准时到达。presume也有“假定”、“设想”的意思，但它指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉把某事认为事实，虽然还没有确定的证据。e.g. The court presumed the death of the man that disappeared during the war.法庭假定那个在战争中失踪的人已死亡。14 temptation: n. the feeling of being tempted to do sth. wrong or harmful; the thing you want to have (uncount or count)e.g. He couldnt resist the temptation to steal the jewel.Collocation: overcome temptation 不受诱惑 resist temptation 抵制诱惑be exposed to temptation 受到诱惑 face temptation 面对诱惑 succumb to temptation 向诱惑屈服 place/put temptation in sb.s way 让某人受诱惑15 device: n. a piece of equipment designed to serve a special purposee.g. 她发明了一种能在下雨时自动关闭窗户的装置。 She invented a device that automatically closes windows when it rains.CF: device, instrument & implement这几个词都可用作名词，都有“用具”、“器具”之意。device表示“（为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置、器具”。e.g. I have fitted a device to my car which opens the garage doors automatically. 我车上装了一个能自动开启车库门的装置。instrument 表示“器械”、“仪器”、“发动机（或航海、航空等）的测量仪器 ”、“仪表”，是为技术工作设计的工具，着重于工具的精密与复杂。e.g. All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use. 所有外科手术器械使用前都必须消毒。implement指“工具”、“器具”，是通常用于户外的工具，尤指园艺的或农用的。e.g. Mans earliest implements were carved from stone and bone. 人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头制成的。16 invest: commit (money or capital) in order to gain a financial return (used in the patterns: invest money; invest money in sth.; invest in sth.)e.g.We have invested most of the money in shares in British companies.When people buy houses theyre investing a lot of money.II. Key Sentences1. I am not in E. B. Whites class as a writer or in my neighbors league as a farmer, but Im getting by. (L.2-3) 【Paraphrase】I cannot write so well as E.B. White or farm so well as a professional farmer, but I am managing to work well.作为作家，我和E.B. 怀特不属同一等级；作为农场主，我又和乡邻不属同类，不过我应付得还可以。【解析】 class在文中为等级的意思，如first-class writer（一流作家），third-class footballer（三流足球运动员）； League本意为同盟，此处由下文可知翻译成乡邻更为具体。2. Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside. (L. 19-22)【Paraphrase】 Soon the two younger of our four children, Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, will help me repair theoutdoor toilet that has been put off by me for long, and this toilet will be in use when we are working outside.要不了多久，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的艾米丽，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活建的。【解析】 the youngest of our four children是Jim, 16 and Emily, 13的同位语。 long-overdue是合成词，overdue意思为过期的，可理解为over(超过)+due（到时间的）=超期；英文中有很多类似的构词，如over-estimate（高估），overdone（过度），overage（超龄的），overstate（夸大）等等。 that supplements our indoor plumbing是outdoor toilet的定语从句，其后是由when引导的时间状语。3. In between such chores, I manage to spend 50 to 60 hours a week at the typewriter or doing reporting for the freelance articles I sell to magazines and newspapers.(L. 24-26)【Paraphrase】Aside from such chores, I succeeded in sparing 50 and 60 hours a week to type or to do reporting for the freelance articles I write for magazines and newspapers.在这些杂活之余，我每周还花上五六十个小时，要么写作，要么作为自由撰稿人为一些报刊进行采访。【解析】 其中I sell to是作为freelance articles的定语，其间省略了引导词that/which, articles在定语从句中作sell的宾语成分。 句中in between方位介词连用，是特殊语法现象，e.g.from behind the door从门背后 in here 在这儿， 等等。 freelance意为自由撰稿的，指靠出卖作品为生的，如freelancer指自由艺术家，作家等。4. Besides the usual household routine, she oversees the garden and beehives, bakes bread, cans and freezes, drives the kids to their music lessons, practices with them, takes organ lessons on her own, does research and typing for me, writes an article herself now and then, tends the flower beds, stacks a little wood and delivers the eggs. (L.27-31)【Paraphrase】In addition to the household duties.除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐，冷藏，开车送孩子们学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己去上风琴课，帮我打字做研究，有时自己也写写文章，另外还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴，运送鸡蛋。【解析】 本句为简单句，但共有12个并列的动词谓语：oversees, bakes, cans, freezes, drives, practices, takes, does, writes, tends, stacks, delivers. 句中typing for me是做do的宾语，与research地位相同，organ此处意思为风琴。 can在此处是动词，意思为“把（食品）装入密封罐头”。e.g.Can you can a can? 你会装罐头吗？ 相似的用法：Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you. 别自找麻烦。5. There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place like thisand not much for the virtuous either. . (L.31-32)【Paraphrase】 As the old saying foes, the vicious people must not have a rest in such a circumstance, nor must the good people.正如老话所说，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲-好人也歇不了。【解析】此句包含源自于圣经的谚语“There is no peace/ rest for the wicked.”意思是“坏人永无宁日。”其后作者的反述很是幽默。6. Our freezer filled up with cherries, raspberries, strawberries, asparagus, peas, beans and corn. (L.39-40)【Paraphrase】Our freezer gradually became completely full of cherries, raspberries, strawberries, asparagus, peas, beans and corn.我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。【解析】此处要注意的是fill的用法：fill通常为及物动词，如fill something up（把装满）；be filled with（被装满）；但是此句中的fill是不及物动词，fill up + (with)其意思是gradually become full of people, things or a particular substance,e.g.They opened the door and the store began to fill up with customers. 一开门，这家商店就逐渐顾客盈门起来。7. The answer, decidedly, was not, and so with my employers blessings and half a years pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket off I went. (L.51-53)【Paraphrase】The answer was definitely no. So I resigned with the wishes from my boss and half a years pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket.答案毫无疑问是否定的。于是，带着老板的祝福，揣着作为累计津贴的半年薪水，我走了。【解析】此句中可改写成the answer decidedly was no and so I went off. 其中破折号中间句为插入句，不影响主句成分。作者这样处理是为了加强语气，抒发感情。 当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，且谓语动词为go, come等表示方位移动的动词时，句子可全部倒装，但主语是代词的不能倒装， e.g.Here comes a bus. Here he comes. 8. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. (L. 84-86)【Paraphrase】We have to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive devices that can save our labor, simply because we want to realize a self-reliant life on a small scale.小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不是为了节省劳力而购置拖拉机和其他昂贵的机械。【解析】该句中有三个不定式：to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale做定语修饰the way；to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive labor-saving devices做主句the way is的表语； 其中to buy a tractor and other expensive labor-saving devices是做temptation的定语。Text Analysis：The author writes his piece in a clear and logical way. In many instances he employs the pattern of “one topic sentence + several detail sentences” structure. Its easy for readers to grasp the main idea, and it is also proven effective for learner writers like our students.Sometimes the detail sentences run parallel to each other, like those in Para 2. In some other paragraphs the detail sentences have their own hierarchy. Take Para 5 for example. The first sentence tells how busy “I” am. The second sentence states that Sandy, the wife, is also busy. The final sentence is a kind of summarynobody can relax. Yet following the second sentence there are a few more detail sentences showing exactly how tight a schedule Sandy has. Take Paras. 12-13 for another example. The topic sentence therein is “I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities.” Then there are two sub-topic sentences: “One is a tolerance for solitude”; “The other requirement is energya lot of it.” Each sub-topic sentence has its own supporting details.Sometimes there is no transitional device between detail sentences, sometimes there are, the most frequently used one of which is time words or phrases. For example, the detail sentences in Para 4 begin with “three months ago”, “three months from now”, “recently”, and “later this month”, respectively. To be sure, other conjunctions scatter the text, like “first”- “then” -”then” - “eventually” in Para 7.Translation of Text A:生活方式的改变课文A 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己做出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活-吉姆多尔蒂 有两件事是我一直想做的写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和EB怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃、堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆满一罐罐的腌渍食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果酱和果冻。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、葫芦、南瓜，谷仓里也储满了苹果和梨。真是太美妙了。 第二年我们种了更多的作物，差不多就靠着从自家树林砍伐的木柴以及仅仅100加仑的燃油过了冬。其时，我开始认真考虑起辞了职去从事自由撰稿的事来。时机选得实在太差。当时，两个大的女儿肖恩和埃米正在费用很高的常青藤学校上学，而我们只有几千美金的银行存款。但我们一再回到一个老问题上来：真的会有更好的时机吗?答案无疑是否定的。于是，带着老板的祝福，口袋里揣着作为累积津贴的半年薪水，我走了。那以后有过一些焦虑的时刻，但总的来说，情况比我们料想的要好得多。为了写那些内容各不相同的文章，我为体育画报爬进过黑熊窝；为史密森期刊替参赛的一组组狗套上雪橇；为科学文摘调查过尚普兰湖水怪的真相；为终点杂志在明尼苏达划着小舟穿越美、加边界水域内的公共荒野保护区。我挣的钱远比不上担任全职工作时的收入，可如今我们需要的钱也没有过去多。我挣的钱足以应付每月600美金的房屋贷款按揭以及一家人的日常开销。那些开销包括了所有支出，如音乐课学费、牙医账单、汽车维修以及大学费用等等。至于保险，我们买了一份低收入者的主要医疗项目保险。我们需要为每一个家庭成员的任何一项医疗费用支付最初的500美金医疗保险则支付超出部分的80。虽然我们仍要支付小部分医疗费用，但我们的保险费也低每年只要560美金而我们给自己生大病保了险。除了这一保险项目，以及两辆汽车每年400美金的保险，我们就没有其它保险了。不过我们每年留出2000美元入个人退休金贴。 我们通过节约开支而又不明显降低生活水准的方式来弥补收入差额。我们每个月仍出去吃一两次饭，不过现在我们光顾的是当地餐馆，而不是城里的高级饭店。我们仍去密尔沃基听歌剧看芭蕾演出，不过一年才几次。我们肉吃得少了，酒喝得便宜了，电影看得少了。铺张的圣诞节成为一种回忆，我们把完成稿约作为度假的一部分我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间呆在家里。 另一项要求是体力相当大的体力。小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其它昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你要自己动手。我们仅有的机器(不包括割草机)是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。没人知道我们还能有精力在这里再呆多久-也许呆很长一阵子，也许不是。到走的时候，我们会怆然离去，但也会为自己所做的一切深感自豪。我们把农场出售也会赚相当大一笔钱。我们自己在农场投入了约35，000美金的资金，要是现在售出的话价格差不多可以翻一倍。不过现在不是出售的好时机。但是一旦经济形势好转，对我们这种农场的需求又会增多。但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居至此的。我们来此居住是因为想提高生活质量。当我看着埃米莉傍晚去收鸡蛋，跟吉米一起在河上钓鱼，或和全家人一起在果园里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我们找到了自己一直在寻求的生活方式。Unit 1 Text A 课后练习答案VocabularyPart I.1.1)on balance 2)resist3)haul4)wicked5)illustrated6)budget7)lowering8)boundary9)involved 10)economic11)blasting12)just about2. 1) cut back/ down2)pick up 3)get by 4)get through5) face up to 6)turn in 7)making up for8)think up3.1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy2) often generate misleading thoughts3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work4) be suspected of doing everything for money5) before he gets through life4.1) their indoor, a profit, to invest in2) device, the improvement, on a global scale3) stacked, temptation, never dined outPart II Con