高中情态动词用法详解.doc

2008年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集 （09）情态动词一、情态动词的特点:1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:e.g. will would , can could , may might , dare dared二、情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need not : neednt三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (NMET 97 )A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)A. I mustntB. I cantC. I needntD. I wont 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.)2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to3) -Must I get to the station before three oclock?-Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. )4) Im afraid you will have to wait a while.5) She must be in the classroom now.6) Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please dont.)2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _?A. does heB. doesnt heC. will heD. isnt he5) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we5. should 应该 ; 应当1) You should listen to the doctors advice.2) You should study the article carefully.6. will, would1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、.。(1) Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do youB. will youC. can youD. could you-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.(3) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ .A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent7. ought to 应该; 应当1) You oughtnt to smoke too much.2) She _ for what she has done.A. ought to praiseB. ought be praisedC. ought to have praisedD. ought to be praised8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesnt dare to come out at night.3) I dont know whether he _ try.A. dareB. needsC. wantsD. is allowed9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they dont need to.2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt.3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4) -Shall I tell John about it ?- No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt5) Its a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点1. can(could) + have + 过去分词2. cant (couldnt) + have + 过去分词 3. must + have + 过去分词 4. may (might) + have + 过去分词 5. neednt + have + 过去分词6. should (ought to) + have + 过去分词7. shouldnt (oughtnt to) + have + 过去分词1). Can (Could) they have completed their work so soon? 2) She cant (couldnt) have make a mistake.3) Since the ditch is full of water , it _ (rain) last night.4) He said that she might have misunderstood him.练习.情态动词1. She passed me in the street without speaking, she _ me.A. cant seeB. cant have seenC. shouldnt have seenD. shouldnt see2. -They were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt beC. mustnt have beenD. couldnt have been3. He _ you more help even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give4. She quickened her pace in order that she _ with the others.A. may catch upB. might catch upC. could have caught upD. might have caught up5. There was plenty of time, she _ .A. mustnt have hurriedB. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurryD. neednt have hurried 6. I didnt hear the phone, I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 7. He was a good runner so he _ escape from the police.A. might B. succeeded C. would D. was able to8. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study9. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. couldB. mustC. wouldD. should10. A solider got him out of danger. He _ hurt.A. may not B. can have got C. might have got D. might get11. -Could I use your pen? -Yes, of course you _ .A. mustB. couldC. canD. might12. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cantB. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; mustD. cant ; shouldnt13. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for this woman and children only.A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt 14. I _ tell her the truth.A. cannot help B. cant but C. may not help D. could but15. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I _ wait until the rain stops.A. mustB. shouldC. ought toD. have to16. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver _ .A. may hurt B. may be hurting C. may have been hurtD. may be hurt17. A dog ran in front of my mothers car and she _ stop very quickly.A. ought to B. had better C. must D. had to18. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York .-Oh , did you ? You _ with Barbara . (NMET98)A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed19. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must giveD. should have given20. A computer _ think for itself ; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 21. Its nearly seven o clock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. mustB. need C. shoulD. can22. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told23. -Alice, you feed the bird today, _ ?-But I fed it yesterday.A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you24. -Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? - _ . A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourselfD. Yes, go on25. I was really anxious about you . You _home without a word.(01高考题)A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leaveKey:1-5 BDABD 6-10 BDCDC 11-15 CBABD 16-20 CDADA 21-25 CAACB 2006全国各省市高考试卷中的情态动词试题1 A(全国卷I）24. Theres no light on - they_ be at home.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt2 (全国卷2)10. We hope that as many people as-possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. need B. must C. should D. can3 (北京卷)25. - Whats the name?-Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?A. Shall B. WouldC. Can D. Might4 (上海春)26. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done.A. cant B. may notC. shouldntD. mustnt5 (天津卷)11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A. neednt B. may notC. shouldnD. mustnt6 (四川卷)32. -Is Jack on duty today?-It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow.A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt7 (江西卷)24The weather turned out to be fine yesterdayI _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with meAshould have taken Bcould have taken Cneednt have takenD. mustnt have taken8 (陕西卷)19.As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 9 (福建卷)27.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not10 (湖北卷)31. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you be C. Could you beD. Might you be11 (湖南卷)32.Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have toB. may; can C. have to; mayD. ought to; must12 (江苏卷)21. - I think Ill give Bob a ring.- You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should13 (广东卷)22. - Must he come to sign this paper himself?- Yes, he_.A. needB. mustC. mayD. will14 (浙江卷)19. - Could I have a word with you, mum?- Oh dear, if you _.A. can B. must C. may D. should15 (山东卷)30. -May I smoke here ?-If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D. mustKeys:1-10 ADCAB CCDCB 11-15 ADBBD本资料来源于七彩教育网高考英语陷阱题总结归纳情态动词典型陷阱题分析 1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.” A. shall B. will C. would D. can 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案选A.shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法： （1） 用于疑问句中征求意见。如： Shall I help you？ 要不要我帮帮你？ Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子打开吗？ （2） 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各类人称）。如： You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁） Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定） You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允诺） 请做以下试题（答案均选 shall）： （1） “I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？” A. should B. must C. would D. shall 2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. cannot B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案选A.cannottoo是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太，无论怎样也不算过分，越越”。如： You cant be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 You cant praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。 We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。 A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。 注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如： It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。 3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.” A. must B. can C. need D. may 【陷阱】可能误选B或C. 【分析】最佳答案为D.may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不（会坐火车来）”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。 4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _ true because there was little snow there.” A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldnt be，即选C. 5. “Do you think he is lazy？” “I _ so once, but I dont now.” A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think 答案选A.从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A.请看类例： Their answers are exactly the same one of them _ from the other. A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied 答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D. 6. You _ be right, but I dont think you are. A. can B. could C. must D. should 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A.按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B.注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be （get, seem, become）形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。 精编陷阱题训练 1. “I thought you wouldnt mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I dont, but you _ me first.” A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked 2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.” A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been 3. That car nearly hit me; I _. A. might be killed B. might have been killed C. may be killed D. may been killed 4. Its a very kind offer, but I really _ accept it. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. dont 5. The police still havent found her, but theyre doing all they _. A. may B. can C. must D. will 6. You _ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping. A. neednt B. mightnt C. mustnt D. wont 7. You _ him the news; he knew it already. A. neednt tell B. neednt have told C. mightnt tell D. mightnt have told 8. As shes not here, I suppose she _ home. A. must go B. must have gone C. might go D. might be going 9. Are you still here？ You _ home hours ago. A. should go B. should have gone C. might go D. may have gone 10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didnt recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _ my aunt Jean.” A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been 11. I _ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar. A. may B. can C. would D. should 13.“Shall we go shopping？” “Sorry, we _ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.” A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt 14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _ be very poor. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. neednt 15. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ have spoken at the meeting. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. couldnt 17. He _ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed. A. might fail B. must have failed C. should fail D. could have failed 18. “Why didnt she come to the meeting yesterday？” “Im not so sure. She _ ill.” A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 19. Why did you just sit and watch？ You _ me. A. could help B. should help C. could have helped D. must have helped 20. “You _ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _.” A. can ask, will waste B. must have asked, had wasted C. could have asked, was wasted D. shouldnt have asked, would be wasted 21. “Is there a flight to London this evening？” “There _ be. Ill phone the airport and find it out.” A. must B. might C. would D. can 22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, its not in my pocket. It _.” A. might fall out B. could fall out C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out 23. “Look at these tracks. It _ be a wolf.” “Dont be so sure. I think it _ be a fox.” A. must; could B. may; might C. need; must D. could; need 25. “Did Jim come？” “I dont know. He _ while I was out.” A. might have come B. might come C. mush have come D. should have come 答案与解析 1. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。 2. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。 3. 选B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用 may might + 动词完成式，如 He may might have gone. 他可能已经走了。 4. 选C.由句意可知。 5. 选B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。 6. 选C，mustnt 在此相当于 cant，且语气更强。 7. 选B，“neednt + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他（当时）已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。 8. 选B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。 9. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。 10. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。 12. 选A.may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。 13. 选C.根据上下文的语境推知。cant 意为“不能”。 14. 选B.根据上下文的语境推知。cant 表推测，意为“不不能”。 16. 选D.couldnt have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。 17. 选A.根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D.再根据语意，排除C. 18. 选D.从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除A和C.从语境上看，既然上文说 Im not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D. 19. 选C.根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C.根据语境排除D. 20. 选C.couldnt have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。 21. 选B.根据下文的 Ill phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might.