中考英语时态.doc

惠州市学大信息技术有限公司 Huizhou XueDa Century Education Technology Ltd.个 性 化 教 学 设 计 教 案授课时间： 年 月 日（ ）备课时间： 年 月 日年级：初三 学科：英语 课时： 学生姓名：课题名称中考英语语法复习专题 时态授课教师：教学目标掌握各种时态的结构特点及用法。教学重点教学难点各种时态的用法。教学过程一、一般现在时1. 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.2. 基本结构：be动词；含be动词的一般现在时结构：肯定句：主语+ be+其它 否定句：主语+ be+ not +其它一般问句： Be+主语+ 其它特殊疑问句：（特殊疑问词+一般疑问句） 特殊疑问词+be+主语+其它行为动词含实义动词的一般现在时结构：肯定句：主语+动词原形/动词三单形式+其它。 否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+其它。一般问句： Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句：（特殊疑问词+一般疑问句） 特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+其它3. 动词三单形式的变化规则：1.大多数动词直接+s2.以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词+es3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i+es二、一般过去时 1. 概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。2. 一般过去时的构成谓语动词为be动词的一般过去时的构成同谓语动词为be动词的一般现在时构成一样，只需把am, is, are变为was, were我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。3. 动词过去式的构成：(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, take-took, have (has)-had等。3. 一般过去时的几种句型肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：否定句结构为：主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其它。一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语动词原形其它如：-Did you go to Beijing last week?-Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它如：-What did you do last night? -I did my homework.三、现在进行时1. 定义：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。 2. 构成：现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+Ving现在分词形式 肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth? 3.变化规则(1).直接+ ing (例：sleep+ing sleeping) (2)去掉不发音的e+ing (例：biting, leaving, making, coming, writing. ） 注意：如果单词结尾的e发音，则不能去掉，也直接加ing. 例如：see -seeing/agree - agreeing . (3)以ie结尾变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying） (4)对于重读闭音节词，双写末尾字母再加ing. 例如：sit - sitting, begin - beginning, getting, putting， run - running，stop - stopping， cut - cutting， control - controlling 4. 基本用法：A. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例：We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 例：Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） 时间状语,常用的有：now, this week, at this moment 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如：Its 6:30 now. I am getting up. 现在是6:30.我正在起床。 They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 Listen! She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。四、过去进行时1. 定义:表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成）。2. 结构(1) 肯定句=主语(I/you/he/she/It/they/we)+was/were+doing+其它 例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。 (2) 否定句=主语(I/you/he/she/It/they/we)+was/were+not+doing+其它 例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车? (3) 一般疑问句及答语=Was/Were+主语(You/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 答语：Yes, I was./No, I wasnt.例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗? (4)特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它 五、一般将来时 结构(1)肯定句：主语+shall /will+动词+其他成份The workers will build a new school here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。We shall be there before dark. 我们天黑前会到达那里。(2)否定句：主语+shall /will+not+动词+其他成份She wont come back this week.这一周她不回来了。(3)疑问句：shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份Will you be back in ten minutes? 十分钟后你会回来吗？Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？Shall we get something hot to drink? 我们喝一些热饮怎么样？(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪?What shall I do? 我怎么办呢?will, be going to , be to, be about to的区别1.be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。be going to和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，will通常表示客观。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么？Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。2.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下个周日我们有个会。The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。3.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事，表示马上就要发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。Dont go out. Were about to have a meeting. 别出去了,我们很快就开会了。I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。We are about to leave. 我们马上就走。注意事项1. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2. Lets 的附加疑问通常使用“, shall we ?”。 Lets have a rest, shall we?3. 问句是“Shall?”，答句就用“shall ”；问句用“Will ？”，答句就用“will ”。要前后保持一致。 Shall you go to school next week? Yes, I shall. Well have an exam.Will you have an exam tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I wont.六、过去将来时过去将来时的构成1.同一般将来时，把系动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。 例句：I didnt know if he would come. =I didnt know if he was going to come. 我不知道他是否会来。 2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。 This door wouldnt open. . 这扇门老是打不开。 过去将来时有时可带时间状语。如: He said he would come back the next day. 他说他第二天回来。 【注意】1.was/were going to + 动词原形或was/were +动词不定式完成式可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。 Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成） I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before. 我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙） 2.was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。 I felt something terrible was about to happen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。 七、现在完成时1. 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed） e.g done 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. 肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答：No,主语+havent/hasnt . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 2. 用法：1.常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段 为时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 3. 标志词：already（肯定）,yet（否定,疑问）, just, before, recently, ever, never,.times(次数).短暂性动词改为延续性动词：buy-have(has) had, borrow-have(has) kept, arrive-have(has) been in/at, leave-have(has) been away, join-have(has) been in/a member of, die-have(has)been dead, get married-have(has) been married, come/go-have(has) been in/at, begin/start-have(has) been on, stop-have(has)been over八、过去完成时1. 基本结构：主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 被动语态：主语+had（hadnt)+been+过去分词 2. 用法：(1) 由时间状语来判定。一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： by + 过去的时间点。I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. by the end of + 过去的时间点。We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. before + 过去的时间点。They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. (2) 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： 宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. 状语从句中，在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 【注意】 before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 课堂练习单项选择1. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun2. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen3. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left4. What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work and_ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting5. I _ you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it.A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked6. Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done7. Whats that terrible noise? The neighbours _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 9. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came11. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed downC. is closing down D. had closed down12. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached13. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed14. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (18471931) _ the world-leading inventor for sixty years. A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was15. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. has waited 16. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached17. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere. A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen18. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait19. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing20. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been21. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say22. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown23. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed24. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be 25. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I? You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying26. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy.A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting27. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep28. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left29. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 30. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 课后作业单项选择1. A short time before she _, the old lady _a will, leaving all her money to her brother. A. died; has written B. has died; wrote C. had died; wrote D. died; had written2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong with her? She has a headache because she _ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading3. As time _ on, Sally began to wonder if Bruce _ Bilks new poem called Tabled Hute. A. has gone; had read B. went; has read C. goes; has read D. went; had read4. Mike, do you know who wanted me on the phone?Sorry. I dont know. I _ a bath in the bathroom. A. have had B. was having C. had D. am having5. Could you tell me how your father usually goes to work?Yes. If it is fine, he _ to his office. A. will walk B. will go on foot C. walks D. would go on foot6. I called you at ten, but there was no reply. Oh, that was probably when I _ a shower. A. am taking B. took C. were to take D. was taking7. Have you ever worked with a tape recorder? I _ it a lot when I was studying French in school. A. used B. was used C. have used D. had used8. You must have met him the other day. Oh, no, I _. A. hadnt B. mustnt C. havent D. didnt9. Which flight _? I want to catch the 13:00. A. you are to catch B. are you catching C. do you catch D. have you caught10. Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?Of course. What is it? I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder11. How can I ever concentrate (集中精力) if you _ continually _ me with silly questions? A. haveinterrupted B. had interrupted C. areinterrupting D. wereinterrupting12. I bought this shirt for 35 yuan yesterday. Its on sale today for only 29. You should have waited. Oh, really? But how _ I know? A. would B. can C. did D. do13. Will you go now? Not until I _ my experiments. A. will finish B. have finished C. will have finished D. had finished14. Look! Someone has spilt coffee on the carpet. Well, it _ me. A. isnt B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wasnt 15. Did you enjoy your holiday?Yes, its the best holiday I _ these years. A. had B. have had C. had had D. would have16. I dont understand how you got a ticket. I always _ you _ a careful driver. A. think; are B. am thinking; are C. thought; were D. think; were17. I really ought to g