英语基本句式及句子成分.doc

英语基本句式及句子成分一五种基本句型：1.（ Sub. + Vi. ）eg. She came/ The clock goes all day and all night.2. ( Sub. + Vt. + O.) eg. She likes English.3. (Sub. + L.V. + predicative) eg.She is happy4. (Sub. +Vt. +O.I.+ O. D.) eg. She gave John a book She bought a book for me.5. (Sub. + Vt. + O + O. C.) eg. She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. 6. *There + be / stand/ lie / live. eg.There lies a book on the desk.独立成分Oh！What is that！（惊叹词）He has，alas，failed againCome here，John（呼语）He wont come, Im afraid. (插入成分）二句子成分：1.主语：名词、代词、动名词、 to do不定式、it 形式主语2.谓语：说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”、或者“怎么样”。谓语用动词构成。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致 。动词有四种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。谓语动词：系动词、实义动词/行为动词 : 及物动词(跟宾语）不及物动词（不跟宾语）助动词（跟动词原形或分词）、情态动词（跟动词原形）系动词(其后跟表语)be动词：am, is ，are, was , were感官动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel,表示变化、状态：turn, get, become, grow, go, keep,stay, seem, appear3.表语：说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。例如： You look younger than before.（形容词作表语） I am a teacher. （名词作表语） Everybody is here.（副词作表语） They are at home now. （介词短语作表语） My job is to sell computers. （动词不定式作表语）4.宾语:是动作、行为作用的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。例如： She is playing the piano.(名词作宾语） He often helps me. (代词作宾语） He likes to sleep in the open air. (不定式作宾语） We enjoy living in China. (动名词作宾语）5.定语：用来修饰名词或代词的，形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以担任定语。定语的位置很灵活。例如： The black bike is mine. (形容词作定语） What is your name? (代词作定语） They made paper flowers. (名词作定语） The girl behind the tree is Lucy. (介词短语作定语） Would you like something to drink? (不定式作定语）6.状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.一般表示发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。例如： He did it carefully. (副词作状语） Without his help, we couldnt work it out.（介词短语作状语） I must study hard to catch up with my classmates.（不定式作目的状语）7.宾语补足语： 位于宾语后面，补充说明宾语的内容。可以作宾补的词及短语为：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。含有宾语补足语的句子，若变成被动语态，宾补则变为主补。We call her Lily.The parents are watching the child playing. They found the boy in the well. He always keeps his room clean.Let me show you out.三练习。Analyse the parts of the following sentences:Ive seen the film before.She is to clean the classroom after class.All the students laughed when they heard the story. I dont think he is correct.He who laughs last laughs best.He told us that light travels faster than sound.It is necessary for us to learn English well .Tom, let me know when you arrive. My friend bought me a book as a birthday gift.The weather is becoming warmer. 2010年安徽省高考试卷 单选21. You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea.A. both B. either C.others D. the other22. No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _you wishing they were that highA. getting rid of B. getting along withC. Looking up to D. looking down upon23. -How did you like Nicks performance last night?-To be honest, his singing didnt _to me much A. appeal B .belong C. refer D. occur 24. - Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?-_, does it?A. It takes no time B. It counts for nothingC. It doesnt hurt to ask D. It doesnt make sense25. I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure26. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 27. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B. that C. when D. which28. -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I_the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read29.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities,_they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if30. He had a wonderfull childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the worldA. travel B.to travelC. traveled D. traveling31. _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smileA. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confident . D. Lighthearted and optimistic32. Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 33. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes availableA. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until34. -We ve spent too much money recently.-well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives_around all the time A. are coming B. had come C. were comi