初中英语语法之九 冠词.doc

冠词一、不定冠词：英语中不定冠词有两个：a, an。a用于以辅音音素开头的词前，例如：a room, a red apple, a useful book；an用于元音音素开头的词前，例如：an egg, an old man, an hour。1、不定冠词的基本用法：不定冠词主要用于泛指和类指，有时也用于特指（如以下第条）。、表示“一个（one）；每一个（each）”，例如：There is a table and four chairs in the room. a和one有时可以互换，例如：There were nearly a / one hundred people at the meeting.但是，在一些习惯用语中，a和one是不可互换的。例如：once upon a time（从前）和one day（有一天）这两个短语中的a, one就不能互换；an hour or two 和one or two hours（一两个小时）这两个短语中的an, one也不能互换。请注意：a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是收音机和电视机）I bought one computer.（不是两台）、表示“某一个（a certain）”例如：She went to buy a dictionary. 他去买了一本词典。（没有买别的东西）、表示一类中的任何一个，通常不必译成中文。例如：A horse is an animal. (= Horses are animals. / The horse is an animal.) 马是一种动物。 2、不定冠词的特别用法：用在序数词前，表示“再一次，又一个”。例如：Youll have to do it a second time. 你得再做一次。I dont think well need a third person. 我认为我们不再需要第三个人了。二、定冠词：定冠词只有一个：the其发音是：在元音音素前读 /I/，在辅音音素前读 / /。1、定冠词的基本用法：一般情况下，定冠词主要用于特指和类指，例如： 表示前面提到过的人或物，例如：There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on the chair.房间里有一把椅子，椅子上坐着一位老人。 表示谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：I dont know the man. Is he your English teacher?我不认识那个人，他是你们的英语老师吗？ 表示独一无二的事物或方位、时间等，例如：The earth moves round the sun. 地球围绕着太阳运行。例如：I saw some birds flying in the sky. 我看到几只鸟在天上飞着。 用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或物。例如：The librarian is a person who lends books to others. 图书馆员是借书给他人的人。The cow is a useful animal. (= A cow is a useful animal. / Cows are useful animals.) 奶牛是一种有用的动物。 用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。例如：They will visit the Great Wall next week. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如：The old are sick. 用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。例如：The Smiths /The Smith family have moved to London.2、定冠词的特殊用法： 序数词前一般要用定冠词，例如：This is the first time I have heard of such a thing. 这是我第一次听到这种事情。注意：序数词前如果有了物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词，不再用定冠词。例如：Is this your first visit to China?这是你第一次访问中国吗? Susans first thing to do was to have a meal. 形容词、副词的最高级前要用定冠词。例如：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。Mike runs (the) fastest of the all the boys.迈克在所有男孩中跑得最快。 形容词、副词的比较级前也可以用定冠词，表示“两者中较的一个”。例如：He is the taller of the two. 他是两人中个子较高的那个。Of the two students Mary works the harder. 三、零冠词：零冠词是指不用冠词，用于以下场合：（1）星期、月份、季节、节日前一般不用冠词。但是中国传统节日前习惯用冠词。例如： All of us like the spring festival. 我们喜欢春节。Its Sunday today.今天是星期天但是如果被一个限制性定语修饰或有表示继续的介词during, through 时与表示一段特定的时间，则在季节前要加定冠词。例如：She came to Shanghai in the spring of 1987. 她是一九八七年春天来上海的。The school was completed in the September of 2000. 这学校是2000年9月落成的。（2）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Mr. Li is our headmaster. 李先生是我们的校长。 After lunch Aunt Huang came in. 午饭后黄阿姨来了。 （3）各词复数表示一类人或事物时。例如：I like cakes very much. 我非常喜欢蛋糕。Pandas are lovely animals.熊猫是可爱的动物。（4）在三餐饭，球类运动与棋类游戏，学科名称的名词前。但若表示某一种或某一个特定的概念时用冠词。例如：He had supper with us yesterday. Its a very good supper.他昨天和我们吃晚饭， （5）在物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名等专有名词和不可数名词前. 但若不可数各词有其它限制词修饰时，则要加定冠词the. 例如: Smith is our teacher. 史密思是我们的老师。 Milk is good for us. 牛奶对我们有好处。The water in the pool is very dirty. 坑里的水很脏。 （6）某些交通工具名称前不用冠词。例如：by train乘火车(=on a train) by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租车(= in a taxi) by plane乘飞机(=on a plane) by bus乘公交车 (=on a bus) by bike 骑自行车 (=on a bike) by car 小汽车(=in a car) on foot 步行（7）名词前已有作定语的this, that, these, those, my, your, some, any等限定词时。例如: I want this car, not that car. There is some water in the cup.（8）两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词。 例：arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side肩并肩one by one 一个接一个from time to time时时，不时from east to west 从东到西from beginning to end自始至终from morning till night从早到晚hand in hand手拉手face to face面对面day by day一天一天的day and night日日夜夜step by step循序渐进from door to door 挨家挨户hour after hour一个小时又一个小时（9）零冠词也用于一些固定短语中，例如：at night 在夜里，go to school去上学，make friends with与某人交朋友，lie in bed 躺在床上，travel by air乘飞机旅行，be ill in hospital生病住院。请注意：它们从形式上看只是多(少)一个冠词而已，便在意义上却截然不同。例如：at table进餐、吃饭at the table 在餐桌旁； 在桌边at school 求学at the school 在学校 in class 在上课；在课内 in the class 在这个班 in hospital 住院in the hospital(因事)在医院里 in front of 在-(外部)前面in the front of 在-(内部)前面 go to school上学go to the school(因事)去学校 take place发生take the place代替in bed（睡、病、躺）在床上in the bed （某物）在床上 o n earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上 a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家 a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a knife and a fork一个刀子和一个叉子注意：以下句中的划线部分意思一样：Please fill in the form in pen / with a pen.请用钢笔填表。【巩固练习】一、冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划。 1. There is apple tree and some other trees in the courtyard.2. Did you come to Nanjing by train or in car?3. Pollution has been one of most serious problems in world today.4. Russia is European country and Japan is Asian country.5. Thousands of people lost their lives in _ war.6. Can you play violin? Yes, and sometimes I go to play football with my friends.7. doctor asked me to take the medicine twice day.8. There is interesting movie tonight. movie will start at 7:00.9. Browns live in small town not very far from Boston.10. This is third time I have come to that city. Would you like fourth time?11. What _ interesting stories they are!12. _ most of _ teachers in this school come from _ north.13. _ Spring Festival usually comes after _ New Years Day.14. She said she would come to see you _ next month.15. We usually dont eat too much for _ breakfast but always have _good lunch.16. John likes to read stories, but he doesnt like _ John in this story.17. The teacher asked them to write the homework in _ pen, but Mike wrote with _ pencil.18. _ man who tells _ lies is called a liar.19. Of the two boys Mike is _ stronger.20. It is _ fun to play snowballs in such _ frozen weather.21There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 22This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 23_ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 24_ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 25Lets go out for _ walk 26Its too hotOpen _ door，please 27There is _ woman over there_ woman is Meimeis mother 28_ sun rises in _ east 29_ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 30Are you going to do it _ second time？ 31Washington is _ capital of _ USA 32_ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street 33He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995 34_ old man is _teacherHe likes playing _basketball after _ supper 35After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school 二：1. I read _story. It is _interesting story.A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an2. Britain is _ European country and China is _ Asian country.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a3. _China is _ old country with _ long history.A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a4. _elephant is bigger than _ horse.A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the5. We always have _rice for _lunch.A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the6. It took me _ hour and _ half to finish _ work.A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /7. _ doctor told me to take _ medicine three times_day, stay in _bed, then I would be better soon.A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /8. There is _ picture on _ wall. I like _ picture very much.A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the9. January is _first month of the year. A. a B. / C. an D. the10. Shut _door, please. A. a B. an C. the D./11. Einstein won _ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.A. a B. an C. the D. /12. What _ fine day it is today! Lets go to the Summer Palace.A. a B. an C. the D. /13. I like music, but I dont like _ music of that TV play.A. a B. an C. the D. /14. _ girl over there is _ English teacher.A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a15. Its _ exciting way to shop on the Net. A. a B. an C. the D. /16. She was _ founder of _ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an17. Xian is _ old city with _ long history, isnt it?A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a18. Nancys sister is _ English teacher, isnt she?A. a B. an C. the D. /19. Chaffs is_ boy, but he can play the guitar very well.A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-oldC. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ basketball.A. a B. an C. the D. /21.More college graduates would like to work in _ west part of our country _ next year. A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, / 22.We work five days _ week. A. a B. an C. the D. / 23.-In which class is _ boy in white? -Hes in class 4. A. the B. a C. an D. / 24.-Where do you usually have _ lunch?-At home A. a B. an C. the D. / 25.He hit his sister in _ face.A. the B. her C. D. his 26.-Have you seen _ book? I left it here this morning.-Is it _ Chinese book? I saw it. A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a 27.Theres _“u” and _“s” in _word “use”.A. an, a, the B. a, an, C. a, a, a D. a, an, the 28.-Did you see my grandmother? -Oh, I saw _old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.A. a B. an C. the D. 29.-Do you see _man with dog? -Oh, Yes, dog is yellow.A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, t