Unit6 Life in the future—同步教学.doc

Unit Six Life in the future四、key words phrases in this unit: 1. forecast n. vt. 预报（forecast, forecast） The weather forecast said it would be fine tomorrow.天气预报说明天会晴天。forecast the weather预报天气 We can hardly forecast what the result will be.我们很难预测结果会变成怎样。2. glimpse n. 一瞥 a glimpse of the morning paper对早报粗略的一看catch a glimpse of瞥见I only caught a glimpse of the parcel, so I cant guess what was inside it.我只是瞥见那个包裹，所以不能猜出里面有什么。3. ensure vt.保证；担保常用于ensure sb. sth / ensure sb that-clause. This pill will ensure you a good nights sleep.这颗药丸一定会使你晚上睡个好觉。The role of the police is to ensure that the law is obeyed.警察的职责就是保证法律的到遵守。4. remain vi 保持不变；剩下；人逗留作“保持”意时，常用作连系动词，后跟adj，名词，分词，不定式或介词短语等。She remained calm in the face of great danger.在非常危险时，她仍然镇定自若。The door remained closed.门还关着。She remained standing for an hour.她一直站着，站了一个多小时。Whether it will do harm to us or not remains to be seen.它对我们是否有害，到以后才知道。A few apples remained on the tree.树上剩有几个苹果。作剩下，逗留时，不及物动词，无进行时，也无被动语态。Nothing remained in my room except the old piano. 我的房间除了那架旧弹琴就没剩下什么。I didnt remain long in the city. 我没在那个城市逗留很长时间。5. deal处理、安排（dealt, dealt）deal with (1) How shall we deal with this problem ?我们该如何处理这个问题There are too many difficulties for us to deal with.有太多难题等着我们去处理。 (2) 论述Her new film deals with the relationshipbetween a woman and her sick daughter她的新电影讲述的是一个妇女和她女儿的故事。注意：deal with常与how连用 do with常与what连用。6. cure vt. 治愈n. 治疗法 This medicine will cure your headache.这种药能治好你的头痛。常用短语：cure sb of 治愈某人的病It seems that nobody can cure me of smoking似乎没有人能使我戒烟。Moving to the country cured her of asthma.搬到乡下，她的哮喘好了。An effective cure for cancer has not yet been found.对付癌症的有效方法目前尚未发现。7. require vt. 要求，需要表示“需要”，其后可加动名词，（用主动形式表示被动意义）或不定式（用被动形式表主动意义）The room requires cleaning = The room requires to be cleaned.这房间需要打扫了。句型：require sth. of sb. Do you require anything of me ? 你对我有什么要求吗？8. keep in touch with与保持联系They keep in touch with each other by writing regularly.他们经常通信，保持联系。We have kept in touch for twenty years.我们保持联系已达20年之久。Do keep in touch务必保持联系9. in store贮藏常用于结构：have / keep /hold in store Nobody knows what the future may hold in store.没有人知道将来会怎么样。Youd better keep a few pounds in store for a rainy day.你最好存几个钱以备不时之需。There was a big surprise in store.有一个大惊奇正等着呢。 Warming upWill people still get sick? Use the questions below to get started.人还会生病吗？以下列问题开始。【点拨】get sick生病 get started开始get表示状态的改变，“变得；成为”。后面可跟形容词、过去分词，表示状态的改变，或表示被动。（1） The weather is getting colder and colder.天气越来越冷了。（2） How stupid can you get?你怎么会这么愚蠢？（3） Toms father got killed in the war.汤姆的爸爸在战争中丧命。（4） They got married last year.他们去年结婚了。【考考你】1. In the war, their family _.A. got separate B. got separatedC. got separating D. were separate2. They had a lot in common and soon got _ together.A. talked B. to talk C. to be talked D. talking3. 下列短语用get怎么表达？（1）变暖（2）变湿/干（3）变老（4）发怒（5）喝醉（6）断了（7）受伤（刀、枪、战斗中受伤）（8）受伤（9）激动（10）被毁坏（11）烧伤（12）迷路（13）被雨淋（14）和某人订婚（15）被损坏【答案】1. B（get separated分散了）2. D（“他们不久就一起谈了起来。”get + v.-ing表示“开始做”）3（1）get warm（2）get wet/dry（3）get old（4）get angry（5）get drunk（6）get broken（7）get wounded（8）get injured/hurt（9）get excited（10）get destroyed（11）get burnt（12）get lost（13）get caught in the rain（14）get engaged to sb.（15）get damagedHow will people communicate in the future?未来人们如何沟通思想？【点拨】in the future将来；in future“将来；今后”，可用于警告。（1） No one can foresee what will happen in the future.没人能够预见将来会发生什么事。（2） In future you will have to fend for yourself.从今以后，你是自己谋生了。【拓展】in the distant future在遥远的将来in the near future在不久的将来；不久=in the immediate futurein the not too distant future在不太遥远的将来 ListeningHow is Mekanikas life different from ours?麦卡尼克的生活与我们的有什么不同？【点拨】different常与from连用【拓展】“区分A与B”用 “tell A from B”或 “tell the difference between A and B”（1） American cars are different from/ than British cars.美国造的汽车和英国造的汽车不一样。（2） I can never tell natural silk from artificial.我不能分辨真丝和人造丝。（3） Can you tell the difference between cricket and football?你能辨别板球和足球吗？（4） The differences between the two houses must be resolved.两院之间的分歧到了必须解决的时候了。【考考你】1. One should know how to _ the good ones from the bad ones.A. tell B. speak C. talk D. say2. Can you tell the difference _ healthy plants and plants that are diseased.A. from B. among C. of D. between3. Although they are twin sisters, they are different _ characters.A. from B. between C. in D. at【答案】1. A（tell from区分；把与区分开来）2. D 3. C（在性格上完全不同）Having doubles would make people confused会使别人困惑【点拨】1. having doubles在此句中作主语。动词-ing形式在句中常用作主语、宾语、定语、补语、表语、状语。（1） Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting stamps also gives him great pleasure.（作主语）。（2） He used to get up late, but now he is used to getting up early.（作宾语）（3） We are in need of a weighing machine now.（作定语）（4） Children are afraid of the stone figures in the temple which look so frightening.（作表语）（5） I heard him dropping lots of coins into the collecting tin.（作宾补）（6） They were seen playing football on the playground just now.（作主补）（7） Seeing that their teacher entered the room, the students stopped talking at once.（作状语）2. make people confused把人搞糊涂了，confused为过去分词作宾补。【识记】make ones position known表明立场（= make people know ones position）make our views accepted使别人接受我们的观点（= make people accept our views）make yourself known to us自我介绍（= introduce yourself to us）make yourself understood表示自己的意思，别人理解自己的意思（= make others/ people understand you）Can he make himself understood in English?他能用英语表达自己的意思吗？Make yourself heard/seen让人听见自己的声音/看见自己（= make others/ people hear/ see you）（1） He stood on the chair to make himself seen by others.（2） Will you please speak loudly to make yourself heard? ReadingOne way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society.考察当代社会的大的发展趋势可以帮助我们对未来做出窥测。【点拨】catch/ get a glimpse of瞥见【识记】catch sight of看见；take/ have a look at看一看；瞧一瞧（1） He sometimes went there to catch a glimpse of the mountain in the distance.他有时去那儿看一看远处的山。（2） I glimpsed the falls as our train went by.我们的火车经过时，我看到了那瀑布。（3） Father glimpsed at the picture I drew and said it was good.父亲看了一眼我画的画，说画得很好。【识记】have a glimpse of/ into sth. 粗略看一下某物take a glimpse at sth.对某物看一眼catch sight of看见have/ take a look at看一看；瞧一瞧A good example of how transportation is changing is the new maglev train, which is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and travels at an amazing 430 km/h.新型的磁悬浮列车就是交通运输变化的一个很好的例子。它既环保，又节约能源，还能以430公里的惊人时速行驶。【点拨】句中“how changing”是宾语从句；“which friendly”是非限制性定语从句，修饰“maglev train”。at an amazing 430 km/h中at表示“以的速度”。（1） at very high speed/ at speed高速地（2） drive at top/full speed全速驾驶（3） travel at a speed of eighty kilometers an hour以1小时80公里的速度行驶（4） move with great speed很快地移动（5） More haste, less speed.谚欲速则不达。【注意】In this reading passage, there are many sentences that contain noun clauses. Will you please find them out and tell which part the noun clauses act asSubject, Object or Predicative?To ensure safety, the train is controlled by an advanced computer system.为了确保安全，火车由先进的电脑系统控制。【点拨】to ensure safety = in order to ensure safety（目的状语）联想：你知道它们的构成和词义吗？1. enlarge 2. enable 3. enlist 4. endanger 5. encourage 6. enrich 7. harden 8. soften 9. sharpen 10. lengthen 11. strengthen 12. widen/broaden【解析】en-加在名词或形容词前构成动词，-en加在名词或形容词后构成动词表示“使有，使成为，变得”。1. 扩大；扩充；放大 2. 使能够 3. 征募；使入伍 4. 危害；危及 5. 鼓励；支持者6. 使富裕；使丰富；充实 7. 使变硬 8. 使变软 9. 削尖；磨快 10. 使加长 11. 加强；巩固；使坚强 12. 加宽/扩大Many companies and consumers have already begun reforming the way they do business.许多公司和消费者已开始改变做生意（或消费）的方式了。【点拨】在此句中way后是定语从句，the way they do business= the way in which/that they do business = the way they do business（他们做生意的方法）本课中还有两句way作先行词的定语从句，你能把它们找出来吗？E-commerce, or business done on the Internet, has become more and more popular as people discover the advantages of online shopping.随着人们发现了网上购物的好处，电子商务，也就是通过互联网做生意，越来越普及。【点拨】done on the Internet（过去分词短语作定语）= that is done on the InternetThe Internet also makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers and companies in other countries.互联网还方便了公司联络国外的客户和公司。【点拨】1. make it easier for sb. to do something使更加容易做某事。此短语中“it”为形式宾语，easier为宾补，for sb. to do sth.为真正的宾语。2. keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系。【识记】get in (into) touch with与取得联系（表动作）；lose touch with（表动作）/be out of touch with（表状态）与失去联系；within / in touch在能接触到之处；out of ones touch在不能接触到之处（1） We should keep in touch with what is happening at home and abroad.我们应时刻关心国内外所发生的事。（2） You can get in/ into touch with him by telephone, fax or E-mail.你可以通过打电话，发传真，或发邮件与他联系。（3） Dont you know youve lost touch with reality?难道你不知道你已经脱离实际了吗？（4） Put your medicine on the shelf, out of touch of the children.把药放在架子上，在孩子们够不到的地方。【考考你】1. She said she would _ touch with you to ask you to go and see them.A. be got into B. keep inC. be getting in D. in2. How long _ you _ touch with each other?A. have; got in B. have; lostC. have; kept in D. have; got into【答案】1. C 2. C【拓展】keep back隐瞒；扣留 keep away站开；使离开keep from阻止；使免于 keep on doing sth.继续/反复做keep doing sth.一直做 keep in mind记住keep off避开 keep out挡住，使进不去keep out of不牵涉进去，不惹事 keep up保持，继续keep ones word/promise守信 keep up with跟上keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事（stop / prevent sb from doing sth.）Instead of searching a crowded store for basic goods, such as food and clothing.人们不再到拥护的商店里寻找衣服、食物之类的生活必需品【点拨】instead of 与 instead的区别：（1）instead为副词，instead of为复合介词；（2）instead of后常跟名词、代词或动名词，也可跟介词短语；而instead常放到句末，或放在句首，用逗号隔开。1） She prefers making her own food instead of buying it in the restaurant.她宁可自己做吃的也不愿到饭店去买吃的。2） Since you are tired, let me go instead(=let me go instead of you).既然你累了，让我（替你）去吧。3） They went there by train instead of by bus.他们没乘公共汽车而是乘火车到那里去的。4） Last night they didnt go to the cinema. Instead, they stayed at home watching TV. (= They stayed at home watching TV instead of going to the cinema.)昨晚他们没去看电影，而是呆在家里看电视了。【辨析】such as / for example / that is / namelysuch as像那样的；诸如之类的；例如。位于列举事物之前，放在句中，与其前部分用逗号隔开，与其后部分则不用逗号隔开，常直接带上后面列举的第一项。such和as可分开用，此时such与前面部分不用逗号隔开。for example (= for instance)例如。通常位于列举事物之前或之后，常用逗号与句中其他部分隔开，它还可以放在句首。（such as用来列举同类人或事中的几个，for example一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例）that is或namely（即/那就是）可把前面所述情况全部举出。（that is常略作：i.e.）（1）I dont believe such news as this.我不相信这样的新闻。（2）I need books of reference, such as dictionaries and handbooks.我需要一些参考书，例如辞典、手册之类。（3） Nouns such as book, pen, apple and toy are countable nouns.book, pen, apple和toy等一类的名词是可数名词。（4） There are many sources of air pollution; exhaust fumes, for example.空气污染有许多来源，例如废气。（5） He is a good student. For example, he often helps others.（6） The government has increased spending in several areas, for example, education and health.政府已增加了几个领域的投资，例如教育和卫生。（7） He will come a week later, that is, March 1.他将在一星期后，即三月一日回来。He knows four languages, that is/ namely Chinese, French, English and Japanese.他懂四种语言，即汉语、法语、英语和日语。【考考你】1. Some of the rubbish, _ food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.A. such as B. for example C. namely D. that is2. There are many students in our class who work hard at their lessons. Li Ming, _ , is one of them.A. like B. that is C. for example D. such as【答案】1. A 2. C【拓展】用example组成的词组take sb. / sth. for example ( = take sb. / sth. as an example)拿某人/某事为例set / give a good example (to sb. ) (为某人)树立好榜样follow sb. s example学习某人；效仿某人make an example of sb.惩一做百take example by临摹without example没有先例beyond example没有先例Advances in medical science also allow us to deal with new diseases, such as SARS. 医学的进步也使我们能够治疗新的疾病，比如非典型性肺炎。【点拨】1. allow sb. to do sth. ( = permit sb. to do sth. )允许某人做某事。注意区别：promise sb. to do sth. 许诺或答应某人做某事（1） She doesnt allow people to smoke in her room.她不允许别人在她房间里抽烟。（2） She promised (him) never to lie to him again.她答应以后决不再对他撒谎了。【考考你】1. They are not _ to use the lab without permission.A. promised B. allowed C. agreed D. hoped2. He _ me a new car for my birthday.A. allowed B. permitted C. promised D. agreed【答案】1. B 2. C2. deal with处理；对付。同义词组为do with。【注意】deal with常与how连用，而do with常与what连用。（1）He knows well how to deal with children.（2）He didnt know what to do with the property his father had left.pay more attention to多注意；lead to通往；导致；导向【拓展】想一想它们有何共同之处？devote to 致力于 look forward to盼望 get/ be used to习惯于 stick to坚持 get down to开始认真干 refer to指 turn to求助于 listen to听 object to反对；讨厌 prefer to 与相比，更 pay attention to注意【考题】1. The boy is looking forward to _ (see) his father as he hasnt seen him for nearly a year.2. Have you got used to _ (work) hard?3. The day theyd been looking forward to _ at last.A. coming B. come C. came D. get【答案】1. seeing 2. working 3. C came是主句中的谓语。Real classrooms will always be popular, but distance education will help people study whenever they have time and wherever they may be.真实的教室总是广受欢迎，但远程教育可以帮助人们随时随地学习。【点拨】whenever作连词，表示无论何时，相当于no matter when。wherever相当于no matter where，也可作“每次总是”讲。引导让步状语从句。【拓展】whoever / no matter who; whomever / no matter whom（无论是谁）；whomever是whoever的宾格。whatever / no matter what（无论什么）；whichever / no matter which（无论哪个），however / no matter how（不管怎样）。（1）Wherever / No matter where he hides, I will find him out.不管他躲到哪里，我都能找到他。（2）Whenever / No matter when you call, youll find her sitting by the window.无论你什么时候来，你都会看到她坐在窗前。（3） Whoever / No matter who you are, you will be punished if you break the law.不管你是谁，违法了都得受到惩罚。（4） You have to go on, whatever / no matter what difficulties you meet.无论遇到什么困难你都得继续下去。（5） Whichever / No matter which side wins, I shall be satisfied.无论哪一方赢，我都感到满意。If we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different, we will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.如果我们学会接受变化，学会欣赏新的、不同的事物，我们就能有准备地迎接未来带来的一切。【点拨】1. 本句中“whateverin store”是宾语从句。【想一想】本句中的whatever能换成no matter what吗？什么情况下它们之间可以互相转换？【考考你】下面哪个句子中的whatever可以换成no matter what, whoever可以换成no matter who?1. Whatever he says, he is believed by his admirers.无论他说什么，他的崇拜者们总是相信他。2. His admirers are always believing whatever he say.他的崇拜者们总是相信他说的任何话。3. Whatever he says is believed by his admirers.他的崇拜者们总是相信他说的任何话。4. Whoever comes to our reference library will be welcome.什么人到我们公共参考图书馆来都欢迎。5. We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us.凡是帮助过我们的，我们都去了感谢信。6. Whoever did it, I didnt.不管这事是谁干的，反正我没干。【解析】whatever / whoever（1）引导让步状语从句，等于no matter what / who。（2）引导名词性从句时不能和no matter what / who互换。因此，上面句中的第一句可以换成no matter what，第六句可以换成no matter who。【考考你】1. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. No matter who B. Who C. Anyone D. Whoever2. Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late.A. any; who B. no matter which; whoeverC. whichever; whoever D. either; whomever3. _ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.A. No matter what B. HoweverC. How D. Whatever【答案】1. D (whoever = anyone who引导名词性从句)2. C (句中有两个宾语从句。此句的意思是：吃掉任何你喜欢的蛋糕，把剩下的留给任何来晚的人。)3. B (however = no matter how, 在句中引导让步状语从句并修饰形容词difficult。比较：Whatever difficulties there may be, well try our best to complete the task in time.)【点拨】2. in store（1）储藏着，准备着（2）必将发生，就要到来1）I have some good news in store for you.我有一些好消息要告诉你。2）Theres some trouble in store for her.她必将遇到麻烦。Unit 7 Living with disease四Key words & phrases in this unit1. via prep. 凭借通过经过 He flew to Washington via New York.他搭机经由纽约飞往华盛顿。 I sent a message to Mary via her sister.我通过玛丽的姐姐给她带去一个口信。2. persuade vt. 劝服 句型 persuade sb. to do sth. / persuade sb into doing. He persuaded her to go with him.他说服了她同他一起去。若表示“劝而不服或劝说不定成功”，应用try to persuade We tried to persuade him to have a rest, but he just wouldnt listen.我们劝他休息一会，可他就是不听。3. lack vt. / vi 缺乏；短少；没有 lack money / courage / ability / experience 缺钱（勇气，能力，经验） We still lack the necessary information.我们仍缺乏必要的信息。 n. 缺乏，没有的东西，常与介词of连用 That shows a lack of common sense. 那表示缺乏常识。 The plants died for through lack of water.这些植物因为缺水而死了。4. discourage vt. 使泄气 The failure discouraged him. 这次失败使他气馁了。 They got discouraged and decided to give up. 他们都泄气了，决定放弃。 discouraging令人泄气的 The examination result is discouraging.考试结果令人沮丧。5. cheer vt.感到振奋 The news cheered the family. 那消息使那家人振奋不已。 cheer up使感到振奋 Your presence will cheer him up.你的到场将使他振作起来。 They all cheered up at the news.听到那个消息，他们欢欣鼓舞。6. contrary adj.相反的相对的 His opinion is contrary to mine.他的看法与我的相反。 They walked in contrary directions. 他们各往相反的方向走去。 on the contrary 正相反；反之 Youll get tired of it. 你会厌倦它的。 On the contrary, Ill enjoy it very much. 正相反，我会很喜欢它的。7. be free from 无的；免于 a day free from wind无风的日子 The child is free from care. 这孩子无忧无虑The old lady is never free of / from pain.那位老妇人一直在受痛苦。Keep the surface free from dirt by putting a cover over it.把表面盖好，免落尘土。 Warming upI can become infected with HIV by swimming in a pool, holding hands or kissing someone with HIV.我通过在游泳池游泳、握手或和带艾滋病病毒的人接吻都有可能染上艾滋病病毒。【点拨】1. infect 传染/感染/传播病菌于infect withbecome infected with感染上1）A computer virus may infect a computers data files.电脑病毒会感染电脑的数据文件。2）They are trying their best to prevent infecting the wound with germs. 他们在尽量避免使伤口被病菌感染。3）We are often infected with flu in spring.春天我们经常染上流感。4）Its dangerous to become infected with bird flu.传染上禽流感是危险的。2. by + 动名词：通过做