2017届汕头潮实高三下月考英语试卷.doc

2017届汕头潮实高三下月考英语试卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)AAreyouanearlyriseroranightowl?ResearchersfromAachenUniversityinGermanybelievethatabout10percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedasmorningpeople,whofeelmoreactiveandfunctionbestinthemorningAround20percentarenightowlspeoplewhonaturallytendtostayuplateandaremoretiredduringthedayAndtherestofusfallsomewhereinbetween,accordingtoNewScientist.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatearlyrisersaremorelikelytobehappyandhealthywhilenightowlsexperienceworsesleepaswellasmoredepressionandanxietyduringtheday.Foralongtime,scientistshavebeentryingtofindoutwhatcausesthedifferencesbetweenthetwo.Anewstudysuggeststhatitisntjustpeopleshabitsearlyrisersandnightowlsactuallyhavedifferentbrainstructures.LedbyJessicaRosenbergatAachenUniversity,researchersscannedthebrainsof16earlyrisers,23nightowlsand20peoplewithintermediatesleepinghoursTheyfoundthatthebrainsofnightowlshadlesswhitematterwhichspeedsupthetransmission(ofnervesignalsinbrainareasassociatedwithdepressionAsyouknow,afterpeopleflyinanairplanefromonetimezonetoanother,theyoftensufferfromaconfusedandtiredfeelingcalledjetlagbecausetheirbodyclocksareoutofsyncwiththenewtimezoneItusuallytakesaboutaweekfortheirbodiestoadjusttothenewtimeButnightowlsalwayshavedifficultysyncingtheirbodiestotherighttimeduetotheirbrainstructureItsliketheysufferfrompermanentjetlag,saidRosenberg.ThegoodnewsisthatitispossiblefornightowlstoturnthemselvesintomorningpeopleAccordingtotheresearchers,nightowlsshouldtrytospendasmuchtimeinthesunlightaspossibleandreducetheirexposuretoartificiallightatnighttoforcetheirbodyclockstoshifttoamorenormalrhythm.17Whatdoesthearticlemainlydiscuss?AHowtoturnearlyrisersintonightowls.BHowourhabitsinfluenceoursleeppatterns.CWhatcausesthedifferencesbetweenearlyrisersandnightowls.DWhyearlyrisersarehappierandhealthierthannightowls.18Wecanlearnfromthearticlethatnightowls_.AmakeupalmostathirdofthehumanpopulationBhavemorewhitematterintheirbrainsthanotherpeopleCaremoreusedtoartificialnightthansunlightDhavebodyclocksthatarenotinagreementwiththeactualtime19JessicaRosenbergsresearchsuggeststhat_.ApreviousstudiesaboutnightowlsarewrongBnightowlsareaffectedbyjetlagmorestronglythanothersCwhitematterhelpsourbrainsworkmoreefficientlyDbrainstructuremightdeterminepeopleschancesofsufferingfromdepression20Accordingtothelastparagraph,_.AnightowlshavetogiveuptheirunhealthylifehabitsBnightowlscanlearntoadjusttheirbodyclocksCthereislittlewecandotoeasethetroubleofnightowlsDscientistsareplanningresearchonhowtochangenightowlsbrainstructuresBAgroupofkidsatMcIntyreElementarySchool,inPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,havecreatedaspecialbenchtomakesuretheirfellowclassmatesarentleftoutontheplayground.Calledthe“BuddyBench”,studentscanusetheseatasasafeandsupportiveplacetoletothersknowtheydliketobeincludedinplaytime,butmaybetooshytoask.TheconceptoftheBuddyBenchissimple:Studentswhowanttopartakeinplaygroundgamesandactivities,butmayfeelhesitant,cantakeaseat,whichsignifiestootherchildrenontheplaygroundthattheymayneedsomethingextratoencouragethemtoparticipate.Theideaforthebenchcameaboutlastyear,whenFarrell,schoolcounseloratMcIntyreElementary,wasconductingaleadershipgrouptohelpstudentsovercomeshynessandgainconfidence.Fourfourth-gradestudentscameupwiththeideafortheBuddyBenchinthisworkshop,andworkedwithFarrelltodraftalettertopresenttotheParentTeacherStaffOrganizationtomakethebenchareality.ThePTSOapprovedthestudentsproposal,andinstalledabrightmetalbenchwithacheerfulsignthatreads“BuddyBench”ontheschoolsplayground.SinceitwasinstalledonNov.16,thebenchhasbeeneffective.Thesimpleconcepthasresonatedwiththestudents,andalreadyhascreatedabetterenvironmentwithintheschoolcommunity.“Eachday,Igotoseethebuddybenchworking,”Farrellsaid.“Thelessonstheyarelearningnowwillbenefitthemthroughouttheirentirelives.Itissimplyabeautifulexampleofkidswantingtobekindandcontinuetobekindeveryday.”21.WhoisBuddyBenchcreatedfor?A.Studentswholovegamesandactivities.B.Studentswhowantandcontinuetobekind.C.Studentswhoareleftoutontheplayground.D.StudentswhoareinFarrellsleadershipgroup.22.WhothoughtoftheideafortheBuddyBench?A.Farrell.B.Fourstudents.C.ThePTSO.D.Someparents.23.Whatdoestheword“they”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.ThePTSO.B.BuddyBenchusers.C.Theworkshopmembers.D.Farrellandteachers.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanshow“thebenchhasbeeneffective”?A.Moreandmorecreativeideashavecomeup.B.Theworkshopkidshavesetagoodexample.C.ThePTSOhasdecidedtoprovidemorebuddybenches.D.Someshystudentshavefoundfriendsontheplayground.CTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saidthatprocessedmeatmayleadtocancer.Doyoustilldareeatcancer-linkedprocessedmeat?Herearesomecommentsonthewebsite.Bill(Australia)Idratherliveashort，pleasantlifethanalong，unhappyone，denyingmyselftastyfoodjustbecausesomeexpertssayitsnothealthy.Weshouldallenjoytheonelifewehave-ifIhadlistenedtoeverypieceofhealthadviceIwouldnevergoanywhere,eatanythingorenjoylifeinanyway.So,Iwontchangemyhabit.Iamgoingtohaveabaconsandwich,glassofwine,burger,canofcokewheneverIfeellikeit.Tim(America)Ismeatreallyasbadassmoking?Idontthinkso.AccordingtotheWHO34,000peopledieworldwideperyearbecausetheyeatprocessedmeat.In2012,8.2millionpeoplediedofcancerworldwide.Thatmeansifyoueatalotofprocessedmeatyouhaveachanceofbeingamongthe0.41percentofpeopledyingofcancerbecauseofprocessedmeat.Illtakethechance.Helen(Switzerland)TheWHOdoesntsaythatjustonebiteofmeatcausescancer,itisrathersayingthatpeopleshouldvarytheirdiet.Peoplewhoeatmoremeatoftenhaveotherunhealthyhabits.Theyusuallyeatfewerfruitsandvegetablesandtheyalsooftenexerciseless.Van(China)Perhapsthisreportwillmakepeopleconsiderbecomingvegetarians.Soforyourhealth,theenvironmentandfuturegenerations,itisnotdifficult；itjustneedsachangeofattitude.Thereisavastvarietyofotherdeliciousfoodavailabletoenjoy.25.WhatifBillhastochangehishabit?A.Hellbecomeavegetarian.B.Hellliveapleasantlife.C.Hellfeelunhappy.D.Hellgoonadiet.26.WhatdoesTimthinkabouteatingprocessedmeat?A.Veryunhealthy.B.Quitesafe.C.Fullofrisks.D.Notworthwhile.27.WhatmaybeHelensresponsetoWHOswarning?A.Caringlittleaboutit.B.Eatingwhatevershelikes.C.Varyingthedietanddoingexercise.D.Takingadietwithoutmeat.28.Whohavethemostsimilarviewpoints?A.BillandTim.B.TimandHelen.C.HelenandVan.D.BillandVan.DIfKateMcWilliamsgotapennyeverytimesomeoneaskedhowoldshewasshewouldbeontoagoodthing.Easyjetsaysthe26-year-oldisitsyoungestevercommercialfemaleairlinecaptain.Shefliestoaround100destinationsacrosstheworldandsaysmostpeople“arepleasantlysurprisedandimpressed”whenshetellsthemherage.ButKateisnttheyoungesteverfemalecaptain.RonanMilnegotintouchwithNewsbeattosayhiscolleagueDawnHunterwasmadeacaptainaged24atLoganair.SarahHendryisalso24andacaptainwiththesamecompany.Katebeganflyingintheaircadetswhenshewas13yearsold,butadmittedtothePressAssociationthatsheneverthoughtshecouldbecomeacommercialpilot.However,followingaviationtraininginSouthampton,shejoinedeasyJetasaco-pilotinMay2011.ThisAugustshetookuptherankofcaptainafterpassingtheairlinescommandcourse.“PersonallyIdontthinkmyagematters,”shesaid.“IvebeenthroughthesametrainingandpassedthesamecommandcourseaseveryothercaptainsoIveprovenmyselfcapableregardlessofmyage.”KateisoriginallyfromCarlisle,butnowlivesinSurreysoshecanbeneartoGatwickAirport.FromthereshefliesAirbusA319andA32planestolocationsacrosstheworld,includingIceland,IsraelandMorocco.“Irarelyflytothesameplacetwiceinthesamemonth,”shesaid.“Thatkeepsthingsinteresting.”Around5%ofcommercialpilotsarewomen.LastyeareasyJetannouncedaplantoincreaseitsnumberoffemaleentrantsto12%.JulieWesthorp,chairwomanoftheBritishWomenPilotsAssociation(BWPA),hopesKatewillinspiremorewomentothinkaboutworkinginaviation.Shesays:“BoththeBWPAandeasyJetareawareoftheimportanceofvisiblerolemodelsforgirlsandyoungwomenwhenmakingcareerchoicesandcontinuetoworktogethertoencourageyoungwomentoconsiderapilotcareer.”29.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Morewomenwilltakeupapilotcareer,inspiredbyKate.B.Katehasflowntoaround100destinationsacrosstheEurope.C.Mostpeoplelikethefemalepilotatsuchayoungage.D.Therearemoretrainingandcousesforthefemalepilot.30.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorder,accordingtothepassage?a.Katebecameaco-pilotofEasyJet.b.AplantoincreaseitsnumberoffemaleemployeeswasmadebyEasyJet.c.Katebeganherflyingwork.d.KatebecamethecaptaininEasyJet.A.cbadB.acbdC.cabdD.abcd31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Katehasdreamtofbeingapilotsinceshewasalittlegirl.B.Katemadeamovesothatshecouldbeclosertotheairport.C.Katelikesexperiencingsomethingdifferent.D.Katehasbeentheyoungesteverfemalecaptain.32.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.KateMcWilliams-AnamazingfemalepilotB.MeetEasyJetsyoungestfemaleairlinecaptainC.AgesdontmatterD.AnexperiencedcaptainDBackinthe1860s,aBritishscientistnamedHenryWalterBatesnoticedsomethinginterestingintheanimalworld:akindofbutterfly,CommonMormon,canchangethepatternonitswingssothatitlookslikeanotherbutterflyspecies,theCommonRose,whichispoisonousforbirdstoeat.Batesarguedthatanimalsdevelopthisabilitytoprotectthemselvesfrombeingeaten.Thistheoryhadbeenwidelyacceptedbyscientists.Butonequestionremains:howdotheseanimalsmanagetodothat?Aftermorethan150years,scientistsarefinallyabletoanswerthatquestion-itisalldowntoagenecalled“doublesex,accordingtoastudypublishedonMarch6inthejournalNature.Infact,scientistshavelongknownthatgenesareresponsibleforthisusefulability.Butuntilthenewstudy,scientistshadntbeenabletofindoutwhichgenesinparticularwereresponsible.ScientistsattheUniversityofChicagocomparedthegeneticstructuresoftheCommonMormonsthatchangedtheirwingpatternswiththoseofonesthatdidnot.Andalltheresultspointedtoasinglegene,“doublesex”.Thiswasmuchtothescientistssurprise.Theyusedtoexpectthatsomethingascomplexasthiswouldbecontrolledbymanydifferentgenes.Forexample,onegenewouldcontrolthecoloroftheupperpartofthewing,onewoulddosoforthelowerpart.However,the“doublesex”genedoesntquitedoeverythingbyitself.Instead,itactslikeaswitch-it“tells”othergenestochangethewingpatterns.Isntthatclever?Scientistsbelievethatthisspecialabilityofthe“doublesex”geneonCommonMormonwasdevelopedthroughoutthelonghistoryofevolution.“Theharmlessspeciesgainsanadvantagebyresemblingsomethingpredatorsavoid,”SeanCarroll,ascientisttoldNature.“itwasobviousevidencefornaturalselection.”33.Howdoscientistsfindthetruthofbutterflychangingwingpatterns?A.Bydoingexperimentonbutterflies.B.Bycomparinggeneticstructures.C.Byobservingthebutterflies.D.Byanalyzingtheresult.34.Whichofthefollowingideasisacceptedbyscientists?A.Thedoublesexgenedoesdoeverythingbyitself.B.Thedoublesexgeneispoisonous.C.Thedoublesexgenetellsothergenestochangethewingpatterns.D.Thedoublesexgenecouldonlycontrolthecoloroftheupperpartofthewing.35.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.HowCommonMormonsstaysafeB.HowbutterflieschangedwingspatternC.WhatAmericanscientistsdiscoveredD.Whatgeneticstructuresofbutterflieshave第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.36.Infact,itisquitenormal.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Psychologistsarestudyingthiscomplexphenomenon,andhaveidentifiedthreedifferenttypesofloneliness.Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary.Thisisthemostcommontype.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.Thesecondkind,situation-forexample,familyproblem,thedeathofalovedone,ormovingtoanewplace.37.Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.Unliketheothers,chronic(theoppositeoftemporary)usuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.38.Unfortunately,manychronicallylonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheircondition.Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisapersonssocialcontacts,forexample,friends,familymembers,co-workers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport,ourparentsandteachersgiveusguidance,andourfriendssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthat,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.39.Psychologistsaretryingtofindwaystohelphabituallylonelypeoplefortworeasons.Theyareunhappyandunabletosocializeandthereisaconnectionbetweenchroniclonelinessandseriousillnessasheartdisease.40.A.Itisverydifficulttodealwith.B.Whatsmore,temporaryandsituationallonelinesscanbeasad,andsometimesdangerouscondition.C.Althoughitcancausephysicalproblemssuchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.D.Thiskindoflonelinessisnotserious.E.Theydontthinktheyareinneedofthem.F.Peoplewhoexperienceithaveproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.G.Theyquestiontheirpopularity.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedonthe41thatdramaevolvedfromritual(宗教仪式).Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeings42thenaturalforcesoftheworldeventheseasonalchangesasunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeansto43theseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedto44thedesiredresultswerethenkeptandrepeateduntiltheychangedinto45rituals.46storiesarosewhichexplainedormaskedthemysteriesoftherituals.Astimespassed,someritualswere47,butthestories,latercalledmyths,continuedtoexistandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.Thosewhobelievedthatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritualscontainedthe48oftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,and49werealmostalwaysused.50,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformancesand51theentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,a(n)52divisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“areaofacting“andthe“areainwhichanaudiencesits”.Besides,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewas53toavoidingmistakesinthepracticeofrituals,religiousleadersusually54thattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimitatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimedthe55effect successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivaloftheSun56anactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentativeswereseparatedfrom57activities.Anothertheorytracesthetheatersoriginfromthehumaninterestin58.Accordingtothisview,talesaboutthehunt,warorotherthingsaretoldandgraduallyspread.59throughtheuseofactionanddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyr