高中英语教学论文 英语非谓语动词讲解及练习.pdf

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习 英语非谓语动词讲解及练习 非谓语动词是指分词 包括现在分词和过去分词 不定式 动名词等三种形式 即 doing done to do doing 当然它们有各自不同的变化形式 如 现在分词 doing 有 being done 被动式 having done 完成式 having been do ne 完成被动式 不定式 to do 有 to be done 被动式 to have done 完成式 to be doing 进行式 动名词 doing 有 having done 完成式 being done 被动式 非谓语动词的特点 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征 虽然它们没有人称和数的变 化 但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语 它们都有各自的特征 分词具有形容词和副 词的特征 动名词具有名词的特征 不定式具有名词 形容词和副词的特征 具体来讲 分 词在句子中可以做定语 表语 状语或补足语等 动名词在句子中可以做主语 宾语 表语 等 不定式在句子中可以做主语 宾语 表语 补足语或状语 下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解 一 动词不定式一 动词不定式 先看几个例句 判断不定式在句中的成分 1 To learn a foreign language is difficult 2 His wish is to be a driver 3 Tom wanted to have a cup of beer 4 The teacher told us to do morning exercises 5 I have nothing to say 6 They went to see their aunt 7 It s easy to see their aunt 8 I don t know what to do next 9 I heard them make a noise 说明 1 动词不定式作主语 2 动词不定式作表语 3 动词不定式作宾语 4 动词不定式作 宾语补足语 5 动词不定式作定语 6 动词不定式作目的状语 7 动词不定式作真正主语 it 代替动词不定式 作形式主语 8 带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语 9 不带 to 的动 词不定式作宾语补足语 掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题 1 to 是不定式符号还是介词 下列短语中的 to 都是介词 agree to object to close to come to lead to refer to equal to familiar to point to thank to devote to next to belong to be used to look forward to 2 带 to 还是不带 to I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom 但是 He was seen to enter the classroom 3 动词不定式逻辑主语是由 for 作为标记的 但是有时用 of It s necessary for you to study hard 用心 爱心 专心 1 It s foolish of him to do it 与 of 连用的形容词有 good kind nice wise clever foolish right wrong careful careless polite possible 4 后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want hope wish like begin try need forget agree know promise teach refuse help arrange dare decide determine fail manage offer prepare continue ask mean choose expect etc 需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语 而要用 it 做形式宾语 例如 通常不说 We think to obey the laws is important 而说 We think it important to obey the laws 5 不定式的省略 下列短语中 如果意义明确 常常省略到 to want to wish to hope to like to hate to plan to try to love to have to o ught to need to used to be able to 6 不定式作定语 应注意两种关系 1 动宾关系 He has a lot of meeting to attend Please lend me something to write with He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in He has no money and no place to live in I think the best way to travel by is on foot There is no time to think about 2 主谓关系 She is always the last person to speak at the meeting I m going to the post office for I have a letter to post 逻辑主语 是 I Thank you But I have no letters to be posted now 逻辑主 语不是 I 7 不定式作状语 可以有以下几种意义 1 原因 He is lucky to get here on time 这种结构中常用的形容词有 happy glad delighted pleased sorry eager anxious lucky fortunate proud angry surprised frightened disappointed ready clever foolish worthy 2 目的 He came to help me with my maths 3 结果 I hurried to get there only to find him out The book is too hard for the boy to read He is old enough to go to school 用心 爱心 专心 2 8 不定式作补足语 I saw him play in the street just now 能跟不带 to 的不定式作补足语的动词有 see feel hear listen to look at watch let have make observe notice 注 当这些词为被动式时 不定式要带 to 如 He was seen to play in the street just now 二 动名词二 动名词 Learning English is very difficult 学英语非常困难 His job is driving a bus 他的工作是开车 I enjoy dancing 我喜欢跳舞 I have got used to living in the country 我已经习惯了住农村 Take some sleeping tablets and you will soon fall asleep 吃点安眠药 你很快就会入睡 注意以下几种结构 1 There s no telling what will happen It s impossible to tell what will happen No one can tell what will happen 2 It s no use talking with him It s no good speaking to them like that 3 There s some difficulty in doing 在此句型中 difficulty 可以由以下单词替换 trouble problem fun pleasure a good time a hard time 注意以下几个问题 1 下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别 forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做了某事 remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记着做了某事 mean to do 有意要做某事 mean doing 意味着做了某事 regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing 对做过去的事后悔 can t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can t help doing 情不自禁做某事 try to do 尽力去做某事 try doing 试着做某事 learn to do 学着去做某事 learn doing 学会做某事 stop to do 停下来去做 另一件事 用心 爱心 专心 3 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 接着做 另外一件事 go on doing 继续做某事 used to do 过去做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事 2 动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达 n for doing 的含义 现在分词作定语表达 n which who be doing 的含义 如 a sleeping car a car for sleeping a running horse a horse which is running 前者是动名词 后者是现在分词 又如 drinking water walking stick running water sleeping boy 3 动名词的逻辑主语 动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式 例如 His coming made us very happy 4 动名词的语态和时态 5 动名词主动形式表被动的情况 need doing want doing require doing 例如 This room needs painting 这个房间需要粉刷 6 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词 admit avoid advise consider delay deny enjoy escape excuse fancy finish complete forbid imagine mind miss permit practise require suggest risk keep take to look forward to get down to feel like can t help can t stand be used to insist on succeed in set about give up include 三 分词三 分词 1 The story is interesting I m interested in it 这个故事有兴趣 我对这个故事感兴趣 2 This is a moving film 这是一部动人的电影 3 The secretary worked late into the night preparing a long speech for the president 秘书工作到深夜 为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿 4 Given more time I ll do it well 如果给我多一点时间 我会做的更好 When he passed the back of the street he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank 当他后街时 看到小偷正从银行偷钱 应注意的几个问题 应注意的几个问题 1 现在分词与过去分词的区别 Do you know the woman talking to Tom Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor 用心 爱心 专心 4 The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor China is a developing country and America is a developed country 2 分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging They got very excited 1 现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 The news is interesting He is interested in the news doing 作表语 主语与表语是主谓关系 done 作表语 主语与表语是动宾关系 2 表语与被动式的区别 The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming 强调动作 The blackboard is broken You d better have it repaired 强调状态 3 常作表语的过去分词 amused injured covered known dressed lost broken gone delighted excited pleased satisfied married worried surprised interested burnt shut crowded wounded drank done 3 现在分词 动名词 现在进行时的区别 The situation in our country is encouraging 表语 The situation in our country is encouraging the people 现在进行时 My job is looking after the little baby 动名词 能回答 how question 的是现在分词 能回答 what question 的动名词 即不能回答 how question 也不能回答 what question 的是现在进行时 例如 How is the situation in our country It is encouraging What is your job My job is looking after the little baby 4 注意的四种结构 have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做 have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词 seat prepare hide dress 如 I seated myself on the chair I was seated on the chair 6 分词做状语与不定式的区别 分词做状语表示时间 原因 让步 条件 方式 伴随等 而不定式表示目的和结果 Having finished the homework I went home 时间 Being a Party member I should work hard 原因 Given more time I can do my work better 条件 He ran out of the classroom shouting at the boy 伴随 To get more knowledge we must work harder and harder 目的 He is old enough to join the army 结果 7 分词 动名词和不定式作定语的区别 a running horse 现在分词 a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 a leaf that has already fallen 用心 爱心 专心 5 a walking stick 动名词 a stick for walking something to do 不定式 something that I should do 8 不定式被动式 分词的被动式和过去分词的区别 I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting 将来 The building being built on the river is the Science Museum 正在进行 The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions 过去 9 分词做状语需要注意的一个问题 分词与句子主语的逻辑关系 Seeing from the hill the city looks beautiful 错误 Seen from the hill the city looks beautiful 正确 Seeing 与 the city 不是主谓关系 seen 与 city 是动宾关系 练习练习 I 单项选择 1 Most of the people to the party were famous scientists A invited B to invite C being invited D inviting 2 many times but he still couldn t understand it A Having being told B Though had been told C He was told D Having told 3 She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path A to have rested B testing C to rest D rest 4 The next morning she found the man in bed dead A lying B lie C lay D laying 5 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier it more difficult A to make B not to make C not making D to not make 6 The Olympic Games in 776 B C did not include women plays until 1912 A first playing B to be first played C first played D to be first playing 7 You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well now I regret that A to do B to be doing C to have done D having done 8 The visiting Minister e