21世纪大学英语英语课文讲解Unit 7 (a) -.doc

Unit 7 教案周次 第 1-2 周 课时数 6 hours教学章节Book 1 Unit 7 Text A I Became Her Target Text B Firm, Fair, and Friendly Text C The Magic Pebbles教学目标要求 Objectives: Students will be able to1. 1. Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit. 1) Learning to generalize the statement by reading the concrete facts. 2) Understanding the effective and artistic 风雅的Use of words.2. 2. Know deeply about racial prejudice in U.S, realizing black peoples social status.3. Realize our own problem in higher educationstudents who come from rural areas or poor families. Try to help, encourage and respect those students. Never hold prejudice against them.4. Realize what qualities we can learn from our teachers.5. Master the usage of the new word & phrases in the text.6. Master the grammatical structures in the text.教学重点1. New words: ignorant, spoil, chase, whereas, view, liberal, dimension, presence, venture, impulsively, gasp, roar, legend, etc.2. Phrases & Expressions: battle ones way, move in, come of, ease in, go at, among other things, clean up, day after day, by chance, etc.3. Writing Skill: making a statement/generalization and supporting it with a specific example/explanation.Unit Seven Text A I Became Her Target Warm-up Questions2. What happened to the writer when he was 12 years old? Skim paragraph 1 to find out.3. How did he feel at that time? Skim paragraph 2 to find out. Presenting the text by summing up the discussion.The author recalled his favorite teacher, Dorothy Bean, with deep emotions. The story concerned howMiss. Bean helped the author, an black boy, built his confidence and did away with loneliness inschools. And the author was accepted by his white students. Miss. Beans justness and love changed alonely childs life who lacked confidence.Background Information1. Negroes, blacks and African Americans Each of these terms refers to the minority group in the U.S. who traces their ancestry to sub-Saharan Africa. Over the years, these words have changed substantially, in their degree of acceptance and their use among the white majority and the black population itself. The term Negro, which is capitalized, became the preferred term in the early 20th century but has been out of date since 1960s. It was replaced by the term black which reflects a greater pride in African identity, as indicated by James Browns song, “Say it Loud. Im Black and Im Proud.” In the 1970s the term Afro-American was used in many formal contexts, but it has now been replaced by African-American. In current usage, “black” is used in most spoken or informal contexts, and African- American in most formal or written context.2. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Thomas Jefferson served as the third president of United States, was the author of the Declaration of Independence, and founded what came to be the Democratic Party. He played a major part in shaping government theory and practice, putting into words and law the ideals of a nation dedicated to the principle that all men are created equal. Beyond his achievements in politics, Jefferson is noted as a “renaissance man” for his accomplishments in architecture, science, and philosophy, among other fields. He designed his own home, Monticello, which is now a national park, and founded the University of Virginia .3. The New York Yankees Playing in the borough 纽约市五个行政区之一of the Bronx in New York City, the Yankees are the most famous and the most successful team in the history of major league baseball. They have won the World Series championship, which is played each October, more often than any other team.4. Racial prejudice/ segregation in the United States A system of racial segregation arose soon after the American Civil War in most former slave states. In 1948, President Truman ordered to put an end to segregation in the armed forces and segregation of the races in public schools was banned in 1954. However, most white schools remained totally segregated by the mid-1960s regardless of the governments many efforts, school desegregation has still not seen accomplished in much of the U.S.5. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (18821945)The 32nd U.S. president (1933-1945), considered by many to be the greatest American president of the 20th century. He launched the economic and social reform program, “New Deal” to help the “forgotten man” during the Great Depression. He also led the country through most of World War II. He was reelected for a fourth term in 1944, but died in 1945.6. the Louisiana Purchase This term refers to a land deal made between U.S. president Thomas Jefferson and Napoleon Bonaparte of France in 1803. Jefferson authorized the purchase of land from the Mississippi River westward to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico northward to Canada for roughly $ 15million. Though it was a great Bargain, doubling the size of the U.S. at the time and adding richly productive farmlands, the Louisiana Purchase was controversial because it was unclear that the president had the authority to make such a purchase without the approval of Congress.7. grade schools in the United States Generally, American schools consist of elementary schools (kindergarten to 5th 0r 6th grade), middle schools (grade6-8) or junior high schools(grades7-9), and high schools(grade 9-12 or 10-12). Many children go to kindergarten at age five, and every child begins first grade at age six. Students do not pay tuition in grades1-12.Text Organization In this passage “I Became Her Target”, American Civil Rights leader Roger Wilkins talks about the difficulty of being the only black child in the classroom during the 1940s. He describes with gratitude a teacher who respected him enough to challenge him and hold him to high standards. And it can be divided into four parts : Part one: introduction (Para.1-2): This part introduces the teacher and the authors situation:a black newcomer in the neighborhood ignored by others and feeling lonely;Part two: beginning (Para.3-4): Its so lucky that a teacher, Dorothy Bean treated me differently.Part three: development (Para5-14): some stories between the author and the teacher show ushow the teacher helped him in developing him and making him another kid in the school.Story 1 Para5-6 The teacher asked me a question and made me no more a dark presence in class. Story 2 Para. 7-11 The teacher trained to have a critical and creative thinking.Story 3 (climax 高潮) Para.12-14 While I was absent-minded in class, the teacher reminded me inhis particular way, making me part of a story in class, so I was known to everybody.Part four: ending (para14 ) I was accepted by other people.Through the text, the author uses the technique of making statement or generalization and then supporting it with a specific example or explanation. By doing so, he makes his ideas more convincing and also easier to understand. Words & Expressions checkup 1. Favorite: adj. & n. best liked, person or thing liked more than others 最喜欢的, 最受喜爱的人或物Who is your favorite teacher? 你最喜欢的老师是谁？He is a favorite of his mothers. 他是母亲最疼爱的孩子。CET4考题: Purchasing the new production line will be a -deal for the company. A. forceful B. tremendous C. favorite D. profitable 2. Ignorant: adj. (be of / about sth. ) knowing little or nothing 无知的He is very innocent and ignorant of what life really is!他很天真,不知道真实的生活是什么样子.The young man broke the law because he was ignorant. 这位年轻人因为无知触犯了法律。Many young people are surprisingly about current politics.The couple was quite ignorant of the fact that their son failed almost every course he took.儿子上的课几乎都没有考及格，可这对夫妇根本不知道。 Some city people are very ignorant of country life and hold startling misconceptions.有些城市居民对乡村生活一无所知，心怀误解。C：ignorant, illiterate, uneducatedignorant: adj.常指缺乏一般常识或某方面的知识。As a child of five, he is ignorant about traffic rules. 作为一个五岁的孩子，他对交通法规一无所知。illiterate: adj.指文盲的，未受教育的,尤指不能读写的。There are many illiterate people in some underdeveloped countries.在一些欠发达国家里有许多人都是文盲。uneducated: adj. 未受教育的，常指未从学校或书本上获得系统的训练或知识。 He was an uneducated but intelligent man. 他未受过教育，但却很聪明。expand ignore: vt. to refuse to pay attention to; disregard 不顾，拒绝注视（某事物）；忽视He completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.他完全无视这一切, 好像它们根本不存在似的。She saw him coming but she ignored him. 她看见他走过来, 但装做没看到他。ignorance 无知，愚昧：没有受过教育、不知晓、未被告知的状态. be in complete of 对某事全然无知We are in complete ignorance of his plans. 我们完全不知道他的计划。If he did wrong, it was from / through . 3. Spoil: vt 1.make useless, valueless or unsatisfactory, ruin损坏, 遭踏, Her rudeness spoiled the happy atmosphere of the party.她举止粗鲁，把聚会上的欢乐气氛都给破坏了。The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village.新修的马路把村庄的特色都给毁了。Dont your appetite by eating sweets just before dinner.Our holiday is spoilt by the bad weather.The rain has spoilt my painting. 2. harm the character or temperament by wrong upbringing or lack of discipline. 宠坏，溺爱We should avoid spoiling our children, even though we are one-child families.The little girl is terribly spoiled by her parents, giving all she wants.小女孩父母有求必应的做法把她给惯坏了。 vi. to become unfit for use or consumption, as from decay, such as food变质，变坏 变得不适合使用或消费，如因腐烂而不能用, 如食品等。Meat spoils more quickly without preservatives. 不加防腐剂, 肉会坏得快。CET4考题: The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _and many houses collapsed.A.wrecked B.spoiled C.torn D.injured S：decayC: spoil, ruinspoil: v. 强调减低某物的价值, 或用途等使之成为无用的东西。e.g. The rain spoiled our picnic. 雨破坏了我们野餐。ruin: v. 毁灭，毁坏，强调以破坏力量完全毁坏某人或某物的价值，用途等。e.g. He ruined his eyes by reading in poor light. 在昏暗的灯光下看书，他把眼睛看坏了。4. Chase: vt. to follow rapidly in order to catch or overtake; pursue; 追捕;追赶; 捕猎; chase the thief 追捕窃贼 chase foxes 捕猎狐狸 chase the dog away 把狗赶走. n. act of chasing After a long , we caught the thief.U：give chase: to engage in pursuit of 追赶, 对猎物的追逐Police gave chase to the speeding car. 警察追赶那辆超速行驶的轿车5.Whereas: conj. although, while 而 (表示对比关系)He must be about sixty, his wife looks about thirty.You eat a massive plate of food for lunch, I have just a sandwich.I like spending my holidays in the mountains, my wife prefers the seasiWhereas she is very diligent while he is very lazy. 虽然她很勤奋，可是他却很懒惰。He earns $8,000 a year whereas she gets at least $20,000.他一年赚八千美元而她至少要挣两万美元。They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一座房子, 而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。The wages of men averaged $54,whereas womens wages averaged but $42. 6. Establish: v. set up, show sth to be true 建立，设立, 证实The business was established in 1860. 这家企业建立于1860年。We have established the fact that hes innocent. 我们已经证明他是无辜的。His second novel established his fame as a writer. 他的第二部小说为他赢得了荣誉。He established his innocence by showing that he was in another city when the murder was committed.The victory established him as a leading politician.7. View: n.& v. fine natural scenery, opinion on sb / sth观看,风景,见解,考虑 The lake came into view as we turned the corner. 拐过弯，我们就看到了湖水。She was soon lost from view among the crowd. 她很快就消失在拥挤的人群中。 The room has a beautiful view of the garden. 从这件房子可以看到花园的美景。What are your views on her resignation? 你对她辞职有何感想?The attack on the ship was viewed as an act of war.对这艘船的攻击被看作是一次战争行动。The subject may be viewed in various way.U：in my view 依我之见 in view of sth 鉴于, 由于, In of the facts, it seems useless to continue.in full view of: 在众目睽睽之下 The speaker stood in full of the crowd.on view: 陈列着,展览着 The latest summer fashions are now on in the big e into view:进入视野; 被看到 As we rounded the bend the lake came into .come in view of: 能够看到 As we rounded the bend, we came in of the lake.with a view to: 为了, 目的在于 He is studying with a view to going to university.on a long view: 从长远看 on a short view: 从目前看CET4考题：Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _through the window.A. vision视力 B. look C. picture D. view 8. Liberal: adj. 1)generous 慷慨的；大方的 a liberal benefactor 一位慷慨的捐助人 2)open to new ideas and tolerant of the ideas/behavior of others; broad-minded 开明的：对别人的思想和行为宽容的；心胸开阔的Mr. Green is a liberal person and he is always open to the new ideas. 格林先生思想开明，总是敞开心胸接纳新思想。9. Dimension: n. 1. characteristic; quality 特点，特性 2. aspect; element方面；因素Hes a good newsman, and he has that extra dimension. 他是一个优秀新闻工作者，并具备诸方面条件。a problem of alarming dimensions 警报方面的问题 10. Presence: n. being present in a place 出席, 出现，在场She warned me of the presence of the danger. 她警告我存在有危险。U：in sbs presence/in the presence of sb 当着某人的面，当某人在场时He ordered the car in the presence of the sales manager. 他当着销售经理的面定了那辆汽车。expand：present v. 提出, 显示；adj. 现在的,目前的; 出席的;现在，目前; n. 礼物；the present leader 现任领导 present trends 目前的潮流Thirty guests were present at the ceremony. 有三十位客人出席这次典礼。Oxygen is present in the bloodstream. 有氧气存在于血管中。I live in the present, but not in the past.11. Venture: V. dare to say or utter 冒险，大胆的说; a guess ones life to save sb from drowning May I venture to suggest a change? 我能冒昧地要求改变一下吗？She ventured to visit the doctor. 她冒险去看医生。She tentatively ventured the opinion that the project would be too expensive to compete, but the boss ignored her.As we set off into the forest, we felt as though we were venturing (forth) into the unknown. N：冒险行动，事业 Joint venture合资公司Only a brave man would undertake such a venture.Proverb Nothing venture, nothing gain / win / have不入虎穴，焉得虎子12. Confident adj. (of / that) 有信心的，有把握的 confidence: n.自信; 确信He feels of passing / that he will pass the exam. He is confident of victory. 他相信会成功。I am confident that I must succeed. 我相信自己肯定会成功。 C I took them into my confidence. 我对他们很信任。I am telling you this in strict confidence. 我相信你会保守秘密才告诉你这件事的。I have every confidence in your ability to succeed. 我对你的成功有绝对把握。She lacks confidence in herself. 她缺乏自信心。We have full confidence that we shall succeed. 我们完全有把握取得成功。He has the confidence to deny it. 他竟有胆量否认它。CET4考题: Young people are not _to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A .conservative保守的 B. content C. confident D. generous13. Incident: n. event or happening, often of minor importance事情，常指小事 e.g. He could remember every trivial incident in great detail. 他能记住每件小事情的细节。U：be incident to adj 伴随.而发生的, 与有关的These duties are incident to me as a teacher.作为老师，这些是我的责任。CET4考题:1). On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor_, which attracts a crowd of a million or more people. A. incident B. event C. case D. affair 2). The doctor was asked to go back to the hospital because of _case. A. an operation B. an emergency C. a treatment D. an incident 1.3 phrases and expressions1. battle ones way: fight ones way 一路奋战e.g. The soldiers battled their way through the forest.战士们一路奋战穿过了森林。 U: elbow ones way through a crowd; push ones way to the front; fight ones way ; force ones way .2. prevailing wisdom: usual or most common opinion (especially of a group of people on a particular subject) 普遍的想法，普遍认为This is the prevailing wisdom on the current world situation.The minister voiced the prevailing wisdom about the need to conserve energy. 部长表达了对于能源保护需要这一常见的观点。3. come of：result from 产生于, 由引起Nothing came of his suggestion.After all the energy we spent on that advertising campaign, absolutely nothing came of it.No harm can come of trying. 不妨试一试.This is what comes of being over-confident. 这就是过分自信的结果。He promised to help, but I dont think anything will come of it. 他许诺帮忙，但我想不会有什么好结果的。Youre always fooling around. No good will come of it. I assure you.你总是吊儿郎当。我告诉你，这样是不会有好结果的。 Nothing much will come of their ideas . 他们的主意不会有什么结果的。He knew nothing would come of their talk with her. 他知道他们和她谈话不会有任何结果。4. ease in: accustom (sb.) gradually (小心翼翼地)使逐步适应，减轻的拘束感He is gradually eased in to the work.Part of his work in the company is to ease in new employees. 他工作的一部分是使新雇员逐步熟悉工作。You cant just blurt out such a sensitive question; you have to ease your way into it.Because of his sore back, he placed his bag onto the back seat of the car and eased himself into the drivers seat.5. go at: rush at, make an attack at 向冲来，袭击The food arrived and he went at it as if he had never eaten before.食物到了；他冲向食物好像以前从来没吃过一样。The two boxers went at each other furiously. 两名拳击手猛烈地扑向对方。He went at the dog with a stick. 他拿棍子朝狗打去。How are you going to go at the job? 这项工作你将怎么着手进行？6.among other things: 除了别的以外；其中This expression is used to say that there are more facts , things , etc. like the one or ones mentioned but that the speaker chooses not to discuss them in detail .At the meeting we discussed, among other things, recent events in the Middle East.Amy came to Shanghai in 2003 where, among other things, she worked as a journalist.Chairman Mao was, among other things, a highly imaginative poet.除了其他成就之外，毛泽东还是一个具有丰富想象力的诗人。Professor Smith, among other things, has shown us a new approach to the problem.除了其他东西之外，史密斯教授还教给我们一种解决这个问题的新办法。I want to buy a hat and a pair of boots, among other things. 除了别的东西，我还想买顶帽子和一双皮靴。7. clean up: make clean or tidy 把打扫