英语期末考试词汇练习.doc

英语期末考试词汇练习单元一1.petition：solemn request or demand to a superior authority.请愿eg：The representative presented to the committee a _signed by 1,200 electors asking for a thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regional legislature.【C】A. postB. letterC. petitionD. papereg：The towns people sent a 【petition】 to the government asking for electric lights for the town.eg：They 【petitioned】 for an early end to the fighting.2.incur：receive(sth. unpleasant) as a result of certain actions；bring upon oneself 招致；惹起eg：The employees tried to avoid every risk that might _her displeasure during the first month after her divorce.【C】A. indebtB. indicateC. incurD. inclineeg：More than half of theses companies 【incurred】 substantial losses during the stock market crash.eg：His irresponsibility and dishonesty 【incurred】 the anger of his friends.3.ingrained：(of habits，tendencies，ect.)deeply fixed 根深蒂固的，一成不变的eg：The belief that one should work hard and be honest is deeply _in our culture.【D】A. incurredB. ingeniousC. ingredientD. ingrainedeg：Its an 【ingrained】 prejudice that intelligence is influenced by ones skin color.eg：No one can persuade him to get rid of the 【ingrained】 habits of a decade.4.importune：beg someone repetitively to do something 坚决请求；纠缠不休eg：The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been _for more pocket money all the time.【B】A. impressingB. importuningC. informingD. improvisingeg：The child 【importuned】 his mother to take him to the amusement part again.eg：Dont give him money. He will only 【importune】 more of it from vocative：causing or intended to cause interest or some other emotive reaction 刺激的；挑拨的；气人的eg：In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must make no _move.【D】A. primitiveB. proximateC. patheticD. provocative6.stranded：being in a helpless position；unable to get away，处于困境的eg：Whales occasionally swim too close to shore and become 【stranded】 in the shallow water.eg：He was 【stranded】 in the strange town without money or friends.eg：After the flood, hundreds of 【stranded】 vehicles lined the roads.7.let loose：speak or behave in an uncontrolledway；give someone freedom or the chance to make changes or be in charge，释放eg：The psychiatrist encouraged his patient to【releaselet loose】all his resentment at the way life had treated him .eg：Who 【let】 the teacher 【loose】 on that class?eg：An inexperienced politician should not be 【let loose】 to run the party.eg：Born in captivity, Chopkins dreams of one day escaping the research lab and really 【letting loose】.单元二1.rave：speak with great enthusiasm；praise enthusiastically，赞扬；吹捧eg：The old lady 【raved】about her grandchildren for about an hour.eg：She 【raved】 about the clothes she had seen at the Paris fashion shows.eg：Everyone is 【raving】 about that new restaurant in town.2.meditation：thought；reflection；contemplation，默想；沉思；冥想eg：As a young man, he spent a lot of time【meditating】upon the purpose of life.【注意meditation】eg：The book is a 【meditation】 on the morality of art.eg：What is the outcome of your 【meditations】? Do you think its a good idea?3.embrace：take or receive gladly or eagerly；accept willingly 采用；接受eg：In todays lightning -speed world many singles are 【embracing】the newest trend in relation -ships speed dating to size up a potential love interest.eg：Youd be a fool not to 【embrace】 an opportunity as good as that.eg：Linguistics 【embraces】 a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics.4.mandatory：required by law；ordered by an authority；compulsory 依法的；法定的eg： It is absolutely 【mandatory】that every driver of a vehicle must pass a drivers license test.5.fusion：uniting or mixing 融合；联合eg： She really enjoyed the film because it was a(n)【fusion】of history and contemporary events.6.opt for：choose (a particular thing)rather than any others，选择eg：Jan Trost，a sociologist at the University of Uppsala， has studied Europes rising incidence of what he calls LAT，or living alone together，in which committed couples【 opt for 】separate residences.eg：Tests have shown that girls tend to 【opt for】 languages whereas boys are more likely to study science or math.eg：There are several things on the menu Id like to try, but I 【opt for】 the salmon.附：When her parents divorced, Mary Ann 【opted】 to live with her father.7. holy graileg：In the past ，the【holy grail】 for advertisers was the couple with 2-3 children.eg：Gene therapy the actual correction or replacement of defective gene sequences in the embryo or the adult is the 【holy grail】of genetic medicine.eg：The legend and mystery of the 【Holy Grail】 is such that it captivates those who hear of it.eg：Jenny Mekinnon will seize her degree like a 【holy grail】when her name is ealled at this mornings Arts Faculty Graduation Ceremony.eg：Sustained nuclear fusion is the 【holy grail】of the power industry.单元三1.statute：a law passed by a parliament，council，ect. and formally written down，法令；条例eg：Thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have passed brain-death【statutes】 that identify death as when the whole brain ceases to function.eg：Protection for the consumer is laid down by 【statute】.eg：In Now Mexico, a state 【statute】 permits one minute of silent prayer at the beginning of school.2.congenital：existing since or before birth；inherent，先天的；天生的；固有的eg：He seemed to be a 【borncongenital】liar.【此词必考，但可能不是原句】eg：The childs brain disorder was 【congenital】.eg：The city seems to have a 【congenital】 inferiority complex.eg：Instead, she became a 【congenital】 role model.3.handicap：mental and physical disability 生理或智力缺陷；残疾【与deformity和defect同时出现，要选handicap】eg：We help people with mental or physical 【handicaps】to find work.eg： Babies of alcoholic mothers can be born with a severe degree of 【handicap】.eg： Miss Hellers 【handicap】 is barely noticeable after three years of physical therapy.4.grapple：fight or struggle with someone，holding them tightly；try hard to deal with or understand something difficult，扭曲；斗争；努力克服eg：The Government has to 【grapple】with the problem of unemployment.【政府一词当有所改变】eg：Two men 【grappled】 with a guard at the door.eg：Together, they 【grapple】 with concerns that confront us all as citizens.5.allegedly：used when reporting something that people say is true，although it has not been proved据说；据称eg：He was arrested for 【allegedly】stabbing his former wife. eg：As she had pledged that she was innocent, she offered no account as to why she 【allegedly】hated her husband.eg：He 【allegedly】 refused to treat the boy, insisting that he should be taken to hospital.6.acquit：give a decision in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a crime，宣告无罪eg：The judge directed the jury to 【acquit】 Phillips of the murder.eg：His lawyer though he had a good chance of being 【acquitted】 at the trial if no further evidence was found.7.frontier：the limit of something，especially the limit of what is known about a particular subject or activity；an undeveloped area or field for discovery or research，尖端；边缘；尚待开发的领域eg：The【frontiers】of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on. eg：They are pushing back the 【frontiers】of medical knowledge. (=They are increasing the range of medical knowledge. )eg：The study of the brain is often described as the next intellectual 【frontier】.8.pull back：decide not to do or become involved in sth.；get out of a bad situation or dangerous place，or make someone else do this，改变主意；退却eg：In the end, he 【pulled back】 from financing the film.eg：Many banks are 【pulling back】 from international markets.单元四1. Spatial perceptions：空间认知eg：【Spatial perceptions 】may be adaptations to specific environments.eg：【Spatial】 consciousness in many Western cultures is based on a 【perception】 of objects in space, rather than of space itself.附：（1）the childs spatial ability（2）the spatial qualities of the new concert hall（3）The result is that their high social mobility does not entail high levels of long distance spatial mobility.2.tangible：that can be felt or touched；not imaginary；concrete；clear-cut 可触知的；真实的；明确的eg：In fact, compared with more【tangible】assaults on his character namely Jones pending sexual -harassment lawsuit and the federal investigation into White -water words in a book could barely hurt him.eg：We need 【tangible】 evidence if we are going to take legal action.eg：Our 【tangible】 benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working rusion：an unwanted event or person in a situation that is private，闯入；侵犯；侵扰；打搅eg：They complained about excessive government 【intrusion】 into their legitimate activities.eg：The film star claimed that the police action was an 【intrusion】 on her private life.4.persistent：existing or remaining in the same state for an indefinitely long time；enduring or constant，持久稳固的；持续的eg： A small but 【persistent】group of critics, many of them supported by the oil and coal industries, still dont buy it.5.adaptation：action or process of adapting or being adapted，适应；适应性；适应性变化6.integrated：showing a pleasing mixture of qualities，groups，ect.；combined；made up as a whole，综合的；完整的 eg： After all, scientists noted, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to【integrate】their own genes into the DNA of the cells they infect.7.literally：according to the most basic or original meaning of a word or expression；exactly，照字面意义地；精确地eg：You shouldnt take everything she says 【literally】. She doesnt mean half the things she say.eg：The Olympic Games were watched by 【literally】 billions of people.8.infringe：go against or take over (the right of another)；violate；neglect to obey，破坏；侵犯；违反eg：Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might【infringe】on the rights of law -abiding gun owners, had already voted against the bill.eg：The Senator is opposed to any laws that 【infringe】 on a citizens right to bear arms.eg：The prisoners complained that their rights were being 【infringed】.eg：We must fight them when they 【infringe】 on our childrens right to freedom.单元五1.commonplace：happening or existing in many places，so that it is not unusual；ordinary，平凡的；平庸的；普通的eg：Some scientists believe that soon it will be 【commonplace】 for people to travel to the moon.eg：Unfortunately, crimes like those have become 【commonplace】.2.counterpart：equivalent person or thing极相似的人或物eg： She was at times less successful winning over her【counterpart】at the U.N., who, like Napoleons army, travels on his stomach.3.devastating：very destructive；causing severe shock，破坏性的eg：The day was star-crossed, Friday, October 13th, on the eve of the second anniversary of a (n)【devastating】market crash.eg：It will have a 【devastating】 impact on the economy.eg：If the bomb had exploded in the main shopping area, it would have been 【devastating】.4.defuse：remove the fuse；stop a possibly dangerous or difficult situation from developing，esp.by making people less angry or nervous，拆除引信；缓和；平息eg：Negotiation could sometimes【defuse】these situations and produce more accepta