反义前缀2.doc

第一节 反义前缀1. 大-小 macro-, mega-, magn-: large, big, great Micro-, mini-: small, tinyMacro-: largeCosm-macrocosmEconomics-macroeconomicsmacroelement mkrelimntStructure-macro-structureScale-macro-scaleListening-macro-listeningMega-: largeLith-megalithTrend-megatrendMania-megalomaniaPhon-megaphoneMagn-: big, greatAnimous-magnanimous mnnimsMagnitudeMagnifyMicro-: very smallMicrosoft microbiology microcomputer microcosm micro-electronics microfilm microphone microprocessor microscope microwave micro-listeningMini-: smallMiniskirt minibus diminish miniature minimal minimize minimalism2. 多-少multi-, poly-,/ under-Multi-: manyMultilateral multilingual multinational multicultural multimedia multiplePoly-: manyPolygamy polyandry (andro-man) polymorphous polytheismUnder-: less than, not enoughUndercharge underdeveloped understaffed underfed underpay3. 好-坏bene-, eu-: good well Mal-, mis-:badBene-: good, wellBenediction benefaction benefactor benefit benevolentEu-: good, wellEugenics eulogy ju:ldi eulogize euphony euphemism ju:fmizm euthanasia ju:neizjmal-: badmaladjustedmaladministrationmaladroit adroit drit adj. 熟练的, 机敏的maledictionmalefactormalevolent mlevlntadj.有恶意的; 恶毒的malformedmalfunctionmalnourishedmalodorousmalpracticemaltreatmalice mlisn.恶意, 蓄意害人malign mlainvt.诽谤, 中伤 adj.有害的; 邪恶的malignant mlinntadj.恶毒的, 极想伤害他人的 (疾病)恶性的; 极危险的; 致命的Mis-: badMisfortune misrule misdemeanor misdoing4. 新-旧neo-: new, in a later form Old-, pale-: very old, of ancient timeNeo-: newNeoclassical neocolonialism Neolithic neonatalOld-fashioned old-timePale/palo-: very oldPaleography Paleolithic paleontology paleochronology paleoanthropology 5. 朝向-离开Ad-: to, towardAdaptAdoptAdhereAdventAdmitAb-: away, offAbnormalAbductAbsentAbstractedAbstaindi-: awaydigressdivertdivorce6. 相同-不同Homo-: sameHomosexual homogeneous homograph homophoneHetero-: differentHeterogeneous heterosexual heterodox hetrdksadj.异端的7. 聚合-分散Co-：togetherCoherent collaborate commemorate kmemreitvt.纪念, 庆祝 compatible kmptbladj.可以并存的, 相容的, 协调的concur knk:vi.同意, 表示一致意见contemporary kntemprriadj.当代的同时代的, 同属一个时期的coincidence 43combineconcludeconfinecollidecompilecorrelativecollapsecompatriot kmptritn.同胞, 同国人syn-：/ sym-: together, samesyndromesynopsis sinpsisn.摘要, 梗概 大纲synthesissinisisn.综合, 综合法symphonysympathydis-: apartdismantle dismntlvt.拆开, 拆卸disseminate disemineitvt.散布, 传播distractdiscern dis:nvt.看见 鉴别discard se-: apartseclude siklu:dvt.使隔开, 使隔绝, 使隐退secedeseducesegregate serieit vt.分开, 隔离8. 正确-错误Ortho-: right, straightOrthographyOrthodonticsOrthopedicOrthodox :dksadj.规范的, 公认的, 普遍赞同的 正统的Mis-: wrongMisleadMistakeMisinterpretMisunderstandMiscalculateMisprintMisspellMisuse9. 爱-恨Phil-: lovePhilanthropistPhilosophyPhilharmonicPhilhelleneMis-: hateMisanthropyMisogynist第二节 数字前缀Mono-/ uni-/ un-: oneMonarch monogamy monologue monotonous monograph monotheism monoxidePolein卖 monopoly mnplin.垄断, 专卖 Monopolize mnplaizvt.垄断, 独占; 专卖, 专营 Uni-: oneUnify unique unit unite unity uniform unilateral unanimous ju:nnimsadj.全体一致的; 一致同意的; 无异议的bi-: two, twicebimonthly bilingual biannual biennial baienibigamist bicentennial baisentenil n/a200周年(的)bicentenary baisenti:nri 200周年bicycle bipolartwi-：two, doubletwins twilightdi-: / du: two, doubledioxide dilemma duplicity dioxin duplicateambi-: bothambidextrous ambiguousambivalent mbiveilntadj.对某物、某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的amphi-: bothamphicar amphibian mfibinn.两栖动物 水陆两用飞行器 水陆两用车amphibiologyamphi-: round amphitheatertri-: threetriangle tripod tricycle trinity trisection trilateral trilogy triple quadric-: / quadr-: fourquadrangle kwdrln.四边形(尤指大学的学院等的)四方院子quadrennialquadruple kwdruplvt.使成四倍, 使翻两番vi.成四倍, 翻两番adj.四倍的quarter-: one fourthquarterly quartet kw:tetn.四重唱(奏)曲 四重唱, 四重唱奏, 四重唱(奏)表演小组penta-:/pent-: /quinque-: / quinqu-: fivepentagonpentathlon pentlnn.五项全能运动quinquesectionquintet kwintetn.五重奏(曲) 五重奏小组 五个一组, 五件一套quintupletsex-: / hexa-: / hex: sixsexanglesexdigitism hexagon heksnn.六边形; 六角形hexameterhepta-: / hept-: sevenheptagonheptachordocta-: / oct-； eightoctopus ktpsn.章鱼octagon octave ktivn.音八度音; 八度音阶; 高八度音, 低八度音; 八度和音nona-: ninenonarydeca-: ten/ deci-: one tenthDecameterdecimeterdecimal desimladj.十进位的, 小数的decibel desibeln.物分贝decimatedesimeitvt.杀死或毁灭(某物)的大部hector-: / hect-: / centi-: cent-: hundredhectoliterhectometerhectare hekt n.公顷(等于2.471英亩)centigrade sentireidn.摄氏centimeter sentimi:trn.厘米centipedecenturypercentkilo-: thousandmilli-: one thousandthkilometer millimeterkilowattkilovoltkilogram milligramkilocaloriemillenniummyriad-: ten thousandmyriagrammyriametermyriad miridadj.无数的n.无数, 极大数量mega-: millionmegacyclemegahertzmegadeath第三节 全，半， 横过， 穿过1 Holo-， omni-, pan-Holo-: completeHologram hlurmn.全息摄影,全息图Holocaust hlk:stn.大屠杀Omni-: all or everywhereOmnipotentOmnipresentOmniscient mnisintadj.无所不知的OmnivorousPan-: allPanorama pnr:mn.全景画, 全景照片 全景PantheismPan-AmericanPanacea pnsin.治百病的药, 万灵药PanchromaticPandemic pndemikadj.(疾病)大流行的 普遍的, 全世界的Pandemoniumpantheon2 Half-, semi-, demi-half-lifehalf-masthalf-timehalf-truthhalf-wayhalf-donehalf-brothersemiannual biannualsemicirclesemiautomaticsemiformalsemiconductorsemifinalsemi-conscioussemi-detachedsemi-skilledsemitonesemi-diametersemimonthly bimonthlyhemispherehemiparasitehemicraniahemiparamiddemigoddemi-fixeddemilunedemitint3 Dia-, trans-, per-Dia-: through, across, from point to point, DiagnoseDiagonalDiagramDialogueDialysisDiameterDiaphanous daifnsadj.(织物等)(半)透明的diatribetrans-: from one place to another, acrosstranscontinentaltransfertransmittransplanttransporttransatlantictranscribetransfusiontransmigrationtrans-: throughtranslucent trnzlu:sntadj.半透明的Frosted glass is translucent.毛玻璃是半透明的。Transparent trnsprntadj.透明的She dressed a transparent silk blouse.她穿了一件薄得透明的丝绸衬衣。含义清楚的, 显而易见的Its a transparent lie.这是不折不扣的谎言。Per-: through, acrossPerspective pspektivn.远景, 景 前途; 希望 透视 透视图 观点, 想法PerspirePersistperspiration p:spreinn.汗; 汗水 出汗; 流汗Perspicacious Permeate p:mieitvt. & vi.弥漫, 遍布, 散布 渗入, 渗透Pervade pveidvt.遍及; 弥漫Perennial prenjladj.经常出现的; 长期的; 持久的第四节 其它意义前缀 auto-, psycho-, pseudo-,Step-, trans-, tele-Auto-: selfAutomobileAutobiographyAutomaticAutonomyAutocrat :tkrtn.独裁统治者 独断专行的人Autograph :tr:fn.亲笔签名 vt.在上亲笔签名Autopsy :tpsin.尸体解剖, 验尸Theyre carrying out an autopsy on the victim.他们正在给受害者验尸Psycho-: mindPsychologyPsychoanalysisPsychopathPsychotherapy saikuerpin.精神疗法; 心理疗法Psychometricspsychogenicpseudo-: falsepseudonympseudosciencestep-: related as a result of one parents marrying, not by bodystepmotherstepsisterstepchildstepfatherstepbrotherhalf-brothertrans-: changetransfiguretransformtranssexualtransvestismtele-: fartelecasttelecommunicationteleconferencetelegramtelemarketingtelepathytelephonetelephototelevisiontelescope第五节 改变词性前缀a-, be-, en-1. a-:1) 将动词变成谓语性形容词，表示动作的状态或动作正在进行AwashAlikeAliveAdriftAsleepAwakeAblaze2) 将名词变成副词， 表示“在某地”AshoreAboardAbedAsideahead3) 将名词变成动词amess2. be-:1) 加在名词或形容词前，构成及物动词BefriendBecalmBeguileBeheadBesiegebelittle2) 构成一些介词BesideBehindBelowbefore3. en-/em-:构成动词，表示“使成为， 引起， 使进入状态”enableembodyenchantencircleencourageenlargeenlightenempowerenrichenslaveencodeenforceendearensureentitle第六节 多义前缀1. a-:1) no. notatypical; apathetic; atheism; asymmetry; amoral2) a place whereashore; aside; ahead; aboard3) a statealive; adrift; awake; ablaze2. ad-:1) to, towardadapt; adhere; advent; admit2) again, to add (ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-)accelerate; accentuate; addict; afflict; aggrandize; assiduous3. be-:befriend; becalm; beguile; behead; besiege; bewilder; belittle; beside; behind; below; before4. de-:1) to remove, to reverse the effect of an actiondefrost; decentralize; defend; decompose; decode2) downdepress; devalue; degenerate; degrade; defame5. di-du-1) two, doubledioxide; duplicity; dilemma; dioxin2) awaydigress; divert; divorce6. dis-1) notdisorder; dishonest; disappear; disorganized; dispassionate2) to reverse, to removediscourage; disconnect; disarm; disorganize3) apartdismantle; disseminate; distract; discern; discrad7. en-1) inencage, enclose, engulf, enroll, embalm, embed, empathy2) to make into, to cause to beenable, embody, enchant, encircle, encourage, endanger, enlarge, enlighten, empower, enrich, enslave, encode, enforce8. ex-1) outexclude, export, extract, expel, expose, excise, expatriate,2) formerex-wife, ex-president9. in-im-il-ir-1) notincapable, insensitive, injustice, ignoble, illogical, illiterate, immoral, impurity, irreversible, irresolute2) inside, to enterinland, inject, incisive, incorporate, inspired, immigrate, imperil, impoverish, impress, imprison10. mis-1) badmisfortune, misrule, mishap, misdemeanor, misdoing, 2) wrongmistake, mistrial, misprint, misspell, misunderstand, miscalculate3) to hatemisanthropist, mis