浅谈高中数学课堂导入.docx

俗话说：“千里之行，始于足下。”课堂导入是课堂教学中的起始环节，是教学的开端部分。良好的导入方式能够激发学生学习数学的兴趣，提高学生的情感体验，调动学生学习数学的积极性和主动性。良好的导入方式犹如乐曲的前奏，演讲中的开场白，能增强课堂的趣味性，唤起学生的求知欲，为获得良好的教学效果奠定基础。本文从自身教学经验和学习心得入手，对高中数学课堂导入谈谈自己的浅见。一、由生活实例导入数学来源于生活，又应用于生活。普通高中数学课程标准提出：“加强数学与学生生活经验相联系，从学生熟知、感兴趣的生活事例出发，以生活实践为依托，将生活经验数学化，促进学生主动参与，能焕发出数学课堂活力。”高中数学对于学生来说是复杂的、抽象的、枯燥的，又好像脱离了生活。教师能在课堂教学中把生活实例作为引入，对增强学生学习兴趣，激发学生求知与探究欲作用是显而易见的。如，在上“空间图形的公理”时，可以以实际生活中的实际问题引入：“我们有这样的经验：把一根直尺边缘上的任意两点放到桌面上，可以看到，直尺的整个边缘就落在了桌面上；生活中经常看到用三脚架支撑照相机，测量员用三脚架支撑测量仪器平板仪；烤串的时候拿一根竹签去串东西，东西不能固定，我们的做法是再拿一根竹签穿过物体去固定它。”这种做法，把枯燥无味的数学公理形象生动化，培养学生爱数学、爱生活的情感。再如，讲授“等比数列”第一课时时，教师可以先给学生放一段纪录片“舌尖上的中国拉面”拉面师傅再把一根面变成2根，2根面变成4根，4根面变成8根这个过程本身就可以看成一个递增的等比数列。应用它作为导入，把新课变得简单而有趣，具有生活性。二、由故事导入课堂引入中可以设置一些名人轶事、历史故事、数学发展史，这样导入新课能吸引学生的注意，启迪智慧，激起学习热情。如，在等差数列前n项和公式的学习中，可以引入“数学王子”高斯的故事。在读小学时，老师出了一道数学题：1+2+3+?+100=？老师刚读完题，小高斯就在他的黑板上写出了正确答案，其他同学还在一个数一个数地相加呢。那么，高斯是怎么做出来的呢？这时，学生产生惊疑，产生一种强烈的探究意识?这样，倒序相加法便进入了学生的探讨学习中。如，讲到极限问题时，可以引入印度故事“分牛”：一位老人有19头牛，三个儿子。他在临终前留下遗嘱，老大应拿财产的1/2，老二拿1/4，老三得1/5，但牛不能宰杀。这可急坏了三兄弟。一位老人牵着牛经过，借给了三兄弟一头牛，这样总数达到了20。三兄弟按照遗嘱老大分到10头，老二分到5头，老三分到4头，把剩下的一头牛归还了老人。通过故事的引入，教师提出为什么老人借出了一头牛后就可以把事情解决了呢，从而提出极限的思想。三、由动画引入动画具有直观性、趣味性，用动画引入新课可以启迪学生思维，活跃课堂氛围。如，在讲授“直线和圆的位置关系”上，教师可以引入动画从地平面升起的太阳，太阳可以看成一个圆，地平线可以看成一条线，整个太阳升起的过程便是圆与直线的3种关系：相交、相切和相离。又如，探究“图像的性质”时，可以播放动画，让学生观察简谐振动的弹簧的运动轨迹，通过观察运动轨迹变化探究图像的性质。优美直观的画面直接把学生带入了新的课题，使数学与生活相联系，培养学生热爱自然、热爱数学的情感。四、由实际动手实践引入活动是个体体验的源泉，在数学活动中通过挖掘教材创设情境，能充分调动学生的参与意识，让他们手、脑、眼、口同时参与活动，使他们在情景中思维，活动中思考。如，在讲授“椭圆”第一课时时，可以先让学生准备木板、2个大头钉、线绳。让学生自己体验绳的两端固定在大头钉上，笔尖随绷紧的绳移动时形成的图形。通过自己动手实践，学生经历了知识的生成过程，培养了学生的动手操作能力，活跃了课堂气氛，使得本节课既生动又有趣。五、由诗歌导入数学与诗歌结合，可以化抽象为具体，化呆板为生动，能创造优美的教学情境，提升学科知识的横向与纵向联系。如在教授“点、线、面位置关系”时，就可以引入杜甫的绝句“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天；窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。”把原本单一枯燥的数学知识变得丰盈立体起来，进而展示数学的美。课堂导入的设置需要具有针对性、启发性、趣味性，在进行课堂导入时要把握引入的“度”。课堂导入的目的是为了提高课堂教学的趣味性、高效性，引入的部分不易太过繁杂、占用课堂较多时间。课堂的导入方式是多种多样的，提高教学效率、发展学生知情意行是课堂导入的使命。As the saying goes: every journey begins with a single step. Classroom import is the initial part in classroom teaching, is the beginning of the teaching section. Good import way can arouse the students interest in learning mathematics, improve the students emotional experience, arouse the enthusiasm of students learning mathematics and initiative. Good music is like a prelude to import way, the opening speech, can enhance the class more interesting, arouse the students thirst for knowledge, to lay a good foundation in order to obtain good teaching effect. This article obtains from their own experience in teaching and learning, in high school mathematics classroom import talk about their own shallow view.One, by the living examples of importMathematics comes from life, and is applied to life. Ordinary high school mathematics curriculum standard proposed: strengthen mathematical linked to student life experience, starting from the students be familiar with and interested in living examples, based on the life practice, will be life experience mathematical, promote the active participation of students, can coruscate gives mathematics classroom vitality. High school mathematics for students is complicated and abstract, boring, and seems to be out of the life. Teacher can introduce the instance of life as in the classroom teaching, to enhance students learning interest, stimulate students learning and explore the desire effect is obvious.Graphics, such as in the space right, to the practical problems in real life into: we have such experience: put a ruler on the edge of any two points in the table, you can see, the ruler of the entire margin falls on the surface of the table; life often see using a tripod to prop up the camera, the surveyor using a tripod support measurement instrument plane table; barbecue with a bamboo stick to list of things, when things cant be fixed, our approach is to get a piece of bamboo stick through the object to fix it. This kind of practice, the dull mathematical axioms of vivid, cultivate students love math, love life of emotion.Again, such as, teaching geometric sequence first class, the teacher can give students a first documentary China on the tip of the tongue - ramen ramen chef a surface into a 2 root, two root surface into four root, root surface into four to eight root. The process itself can be seen as an increasing geometric sequence. Apply it as an import, the new lesson easy and interesting, with sexual life.Second, the import by the storyClassroom introduction can set some celebrity anecdotes, history stories, the history of mathematics, can attract the attention of students, to import new lesson so wisdom, learning enthusiasm.Such as, in front of the arithmetic progression n items, and formula of the study, can introduce mathematics prince the story of the gaussian. When elementary school, the teacher out a math problem: 1 + 2 + 3 +? + 100 =? The teacher just read the topic, his little gauss on the blackboard to write the correct answers, the other students also in to add a number a number? Then, the gaussian is how to do? At this time, visiting students, have a strong sense of inquiry? . So will enter the reverse addition method students explore learning.For example, when it comes to limit problem, can introduce India story cow : a man have 19 cows, three sons. Before he died leaving his will, the boss should take the property of 1/2, second quarter, old 1/5, but not the slaughter of cattle. This can be anxious that bad three brothers. An old man brought oxen, lent a cow, three brothers that reached 20 total. Three brothers eldest brother to ten head, according to the will # 2 to 5, 3 to 4, the remaining a cow returned the old man. Through the introduction of the story, the teacher put forward why after the old man lent a cow can get things solved, thus put forward the idea of limit.Third, introduced by the animationAnimation intuitive, interesting, introduce new lesson with animation can inspire students thinking, active classroom atmosphere. For example, in the teaching of the position relationship between straight line and circle, teachers can introduce animation - rose from the ground plane of the sun, the sun can be seen as a circle, the horizon can be thought of as a line, the whole process of the sun is circular and linear three kinds of relationships: intersection, tangent and mutually leave. As another example, probe into the nature of the image, can play the movie, lets the student observe the trajectories of harmonic vibration of the spring, by observing the trajectory change to explore the nature of the image. Beautiful intuitive picture directly bring students into a new subject, make mathematics associated with life, trains the student to love nature, love mathematics emotion.Fourth, introduced by the actual hands-on practiceActivity is the source of individual experience, by mining in mathematics activity teaching material establishment situation, can fully mobilize students participation, let their hands, brain, eye, mouth at the same time to participate in activities, make their thinking in the scene, thinking activity. For example, in the teaching of oval first class, can let students ready to board, two tacks, cord. Let the student experience at both ends of the rope on the tack, pen moves along with the tight rope form of graphics. Through your own practice, the students experienced the generation process of knowledge, cultivate the students practical operating ability, active classroom atmosphere, make the class lively and interesting.Five, the import by poetryMathematics combined with poetry, can turn abstract into concrete, vivid, dull to can create good teaching