14川大翻硕英语 试卷.doc

四川大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业：英语笔译、英语口译I.Vocabulary and grammar(30)Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. It could not be ruled out that,sooner or later,the country would break out of the treaty. A.confirmed B.tolerated C.excluded D.refuted2. Lincoln,former president of the United States,is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded. A.sturdy B.obstinate C.permanent D.manifest3. He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer. A.tenacity B.curiosity C.civility D.hostility4. I didnt know it then,but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up. A.harmful B.persistent C.interruptive D.characteristic 5. While he was not dumber than an ox,he was not any smarter ;so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along. A.helpful B.merciful C.enthusiastic D.intelligent6. The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke. A.ignited B.immersed C.emitted D.hugged7. The trade fair is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese auto industries and overseas auto industries. A.promote B.protect C.preserve D.prolong8. He was concerned only with mundane matters,especially the daily stock market quotations. A.rational B.obscure C.worldly D.eminent9. The earthquake that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which a great man was lost. A.casualty B.catastrophe C.catalogue D.crusade10. The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturers warranty that he will replace any defective part for five tears or 50,000miles. A.prohibition B.insurance C.prophecy D.guarantee11. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundreds bones together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments. A.are bound B.to find C.bond them D.bound12. Anthronology is a science anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others. A.in that B.that in C.that D.in13. as 2500B.C,the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal. A.In early B.As early C.Early D.War as early14. Deposits of gravel are formed the weathering of rocks and the erosive and concentrating action of rivers and waves. A.whenever B.as a result C.are due to D.because15. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; future events. A.even influencing B.it may even influence C.may even influence D.that it may even influence16. Robert S.Duncanson was considered a painter of the Hudson River School, on scenes of Americas untamed wilderness. A.which concentrated B.which concentrated it C.which it concentrated D. And which concentrated17. Although rigid,bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact. A.Apparently B.are apparently C.apparently their D.are they apparently 18. begun to understand that the air and the occeans act as a single fluid when they exchange heat and gases. A.In the past decade have only meteorologists B.Only in the past decade have meteorologists C.The only meteorologists in the past decade D.Only in the past decade mateorologists19. Wooden buildings helps to protect them from damage due to weather. A.Painting B.Painted C.The paint D.By painting20. One time,Manchester ,New Hampshire,was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world. A.On B.At C.By D.ToII.Reading comprehension(40)Section 1 Multiple choice(20)Directions: In this section there are reading passages following by multiple-choice questions.Read the passage and then mark your answers on your answer sheets.Passage A In eighteenth-century France and England, reformers rallied around egalitarian ideals, but few reformers advocated higher education for women. Although the public decried women s lack of education, it did not encourage learning for women. In spite of the general prejudice against learned women, there was one place where women could exhibit their erudition: the literary salon. Many writers have defined the womans role in the salon as that of an intelligent hostess, but the salon had more than a social function for women. It was an informal university, too, where women exchanged ideas with educated persons, read their own works and heard those of others, and received and gave criticism.In the 1750s, when salons were firmly established in France, some English women, who called themselves “Bluestocking,” followed the example of the salonnieres (French salon hostesses)and formed their own salons. Most Bluestockings did not wish to mirror the salonnieres; they simply desired to adapt a proven formula to their own purpose-the elevation of women s status through moral and intellectual training. Differences in social orientation and background can account perhaps for differences in the nature of French and English salons. The French salon incorporated aristocratic attitudes that exalted courtly pleasure and emphasized artistic accomplishments. The English Bluestockings, originating from a more modest background, emphasized learning and work over pleasure. Accustomed to the regimented life of court circles, salonnieres tended toward formality in their salons. The English women, though somewhat puritanical, were more casual in their approach.At first, the Bluestockings did imitate the salonnieres by including men in their circles. However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a womens group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primmacy each held in her own salon. In an atmosphere of mutual support, the Bluestockings went beyond the salon experience. They traveled, studied, worked, wrote for publication, and by their activities challenged the stereotype of the passive woman. Although the salonnieres were aware of sexual inequality, the narrow boundaries of their world kept their intellectual pursuits within conventional limits. Many salonnieres, in fact, camouflaged their nontraditional activities behind the role of hostess and deferred to men in public.Though the Bluestockings were trailblazers when compared with the salonnieres, they were not feminists. They were too traditional, too hemmed in by their generation to demand social and political rights. Nonetheless, in their desire for education, their willingness to go beyond the confines of the salon in pursuing their interests, and their championing of unity among women, the Bluestockings began the process of questioning womens role in society.1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A.The establishment of literary salons was a response to reformers demands for social rights for women.B.Literary salons were originally intended to be a meeting ground for intellectuals of both sexes, but eventually became social gatherings with little educational value.C.In England, as in France, the general prejudice against higher education for women limited womens function in literary salons to a primarily social one.D.For women, who did not have access to higher education as men did, literary salons provided an alternate route to learning and a challenge to some of societys basic assumptions about women.2. According to the passage, a significant distinction between the salonnieres and Bluestockings was in the way each group regarded which of the following?A.The value of acquiring knowledgeB.The role of pleasure in the activities of the literary salonC.The desirability of a complete break with societal traditionsD.The inclusion of women of different backgrounds in the salons3. Which of the following statements is most compatible with the principles of the salonnieres as described in the passage?A.Women should aspire to be not only educated but independent as well.B.The duty of the educated women is to provide an active political model for less educated women.C.Devotion to pleasure and art is justified in itself.D.Substance, rather than form, is the most important consideration in holding a literary salon.4. Which of the following could best be considered a twentieth-century counterpart of an eighteenth century literary salon as it is described in the passage? A.A social sororityB.A community centerC.A lecture course on artD.A humanities study group5. To an assertion that Bluestockings were feminists, the author would most probably respond with which of the following?A.Admitted uncertaintyB.Qualified disaGREementC.Unquestioning approvalD.Complete indifferencePassage BGenes therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science.But there will be others as well.Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human，most of those instructions are inactivated，and with good reason：the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidneyThe only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancywhen so-called stem cells havent begun to specializeYet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicineMost diseases involve the death of healthy cells-brain cells in Alzheimers，cardiac cells in heart disease，pancreatic cells in diabetes，to name a few；if doctors could isolate stem cells，then direct their growth，they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissueIt was incredibly difficult，but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural，gut，muscle and bone cellsThe process still cant be controlled，and may have unforeseen limitations；but if efforts to understand and master stem cell development prove successful，doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible powerThe same applies to cloning，which is really just the other side of the coinTrue cloning，as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago，involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within，resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine stateOnce that happens，the rejuvenated cell can develop into a fullfledged animal，genetically identical to its parentFor agriculturein which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value，biological carbon copies could become routine within a few yearsThis past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly，and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year Human cloning，on the other hand，may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficultStill，one day it will happenThe ability to reset body cells to a pristine，undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells：the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts，and thus to cure diseaseThat could prove to be a true“miracle cure”6. The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will_ Aaggravate moral issues of human cloning Bbring great benefits to human beings Chelp scientists decode body instructions Dinvolve employing surgical instruments7. The word“rejuvenated”(Para5)most probably means_ Amodified BRecollected Cclassified DReactivated8. The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show_ Athe isolation of stem cells Bthe effects of gene therapies Cthe advantages of human cloning Dthe limitations of tissue replacements9. Which of the following is true according to the text? AThe principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning BThe isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible CIt is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated DCloned animals will eventually take control of the world10.Towards the genetic research，the authors attitude can best be said to be that of_ AFrustration BIndifference CAmazement DOppositionSection2 Answering questions(20)Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE the questions which follow each passage.Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions 13The Fine Art of Marital FightingIn this morning,his secretary quits,in the afternoon.His at the office gets a promotion;when he gets home that evening he find out his wife has put a dent in the new car.He drinks four martinis before dinner,and his wife a lousy cook.She says how can he tell with all that gin in him,and he says she is getting as men tempered as her stupid mother ,and she says at least her mother wasnt stupid enough to marry a phony slob,by which time he is bellowing like an enraged moose,she is shrieking and hurling dishes,the baby is screaming ,the dogs are yapping,the neighbors are pounding on the walls,and the cops are on their way.Suddenly a car screeches to the curb and a little man with a tape recorder under his arm hops out anddashed inside.This scene is recurrent of George R.Bach,Ph.D, a Los Angeles clinical psychologist and West Coast a rosy fantasy of things to come.His great ambition is to set up a Los Angeles center which any embattled husband or wife,regardless of face,creed,of of the night,could telephone and get a fair hearing.Trained marriage counselor would man the switchboards,referee the disputes,tape-record the hubu for analysis dawns early light,and if necessary,dispatch a mobile referee on a house call. Dreams to become that referee.He studies human aggression,and he loves his work the last twenty-five years,he was professionally analyzed 23,000 marital rights,including,he figures,at least 2500 of his own.Gifted marital gladiators in action thrill him as the sunset does the poet.Unfortunately ,his clinical practice yields so few sunsets that Bach feels the future of American family life is gravely threatened.He recently told a starlted audience of newsmen and psychiatrists at the annual meeting of the Ortho-Osychiatric Association that a primary aim of psychotherapy and marriage counseling should be“to teach couples to have more,shorter,more constructive fights.”Along with a growing number of his colleagues,he says,he has come to believe that proper training in“the fine art of marital fighting”would not only improve domestic tranquility,it could reduce divorces by up to 90 percent.What dismays the doctor is not bloodshed per se; it is the native cowardice and abysmal crudity of American domestic fighting style.Most husbands and wives,he has found,will avail themselves of any sneaky excuse to avoid a fight in the first place.But if cornered,they begin clobbering away at once another like dull-witted Neanderthals.They are clumsy,weak-kneed,afflicted with poor aim,rotten timing,and no notion of counterpunching.Whats more,they fight dirty.They favorite weapon are the low blow and the rock=filled glove.The cause of the shoddy,low estate of the marital fight game is a misunderstanding of aggression itself,says the fight doctor.”Research has established that people always dream,and my research has established that people are always to some degree angry.But today they are ashamed of this anger.To express hostile feelings toward a loved one is considered impolite,just as the expression of sexual feelings was considered impolite before Freud.”What Freud did for sex,Bach,in his own modest way,would like to do for anger,which is almost as basic a human impulse,”we must remove the shame from aggression,”he exhorts in a soft,singsong German accent much like Peter Lorres.”Dont repress your aggression program them!”When primitive man lived in the jungle,surrounded by real,lethal enemies,the aggressive impulse is what kept him alive.For modern man,the problem gets complicated because he usually encounters only what the psychologists calls “intimate enemies”-wives,husbands,sweethearts,children,parents,friends,and others whom he sometimes would like to kill,but toward whom he nonetheless feels basic,underlying goodwill.When he gets mad at one of these people,modern man tends to go to pieces.His jungle rage embarrasses,betrays,even terrifies him.”He forgets that real intimacy demands that there be fighting.”Bach says.He failed to realize that”nonfighting is only appropriate between strangers-people who have nothing worth fighting about.When two people begin to really care about each other,they become emotionally vulnerable-and the battles start.Listening to Bach enumerate the many destructive,”bad”fight styles is rather like strolling through a vast Stillman gym of domestic discord.Over there,lolling about on the canvas,watching TV,walking out,sitting in a trancelike state,drinking beer,doing their nails,even falling asleep,are the “Withdrawal-Evaders，“people who will not fight,These people,Bach says,are very sick.After counselling thousands of them,he is convinced that”falling asleep causes more divorces t