03第三讲主谓一致.doc

高中英语语法 第三讲 主谓一致第三讲 主谓一致一 定义主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在人称和数的方面取得一致的问题。 主语若是复数，谓语也采用复数形式。 主语若是单数或是不可数名词，谓语采用单数形式。 二 主谓一致三条原则原则意义例句语法一致单复数形式与谓语要一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取第三人称单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式Mr. Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS.These books are intended for children under nine years old.意义一致谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。(这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则优先考虑。)Three months has passed since you left.(three months为单数概念)The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures. (教授与作家是同一个人，是单数。)The old are very well taken care of in our city. (the old指所有的老年人，为复数概念。)就近一致谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk. (根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)三 根据原则总结如下1 谓语动词用单数主语例句1.单数名词或代词动词不定式短语动名词短语从句A little girl is talking to her doll.When to leave has not been decided.Swimming is her hobby.Whether you are right or wrong is none of my business.2. 表示度量、名词作主语时间、距离、金额、重量、体积、面积、容积表示“运算”的数词（加减乘除的）Twoyearshas passed since I came here.Ahundredmilesisalongway. Ten yuan is enough.Five times five makes twenty-five.3. 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟as well as 以及no less than不少于，多达more than不只是，超过rather than而不是but, except, besides除了with, along with, together with, accompanied by和一起、/一块/陪伴combined with, in addition to加上，除including 包括I as well as they am ready to help you. The teacher along with two students is going to attend the meeting. A woman with two children is over there at the bus stop. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to4. 不定代词做主语either, neither, each（作主语或修饰主语时）, one, the other, another, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothingEach of the class has been given a gift.Someone has parked the car in the way.No one is actually able to complete the work in such a short time.No one in the department but Tom and I that the director is going to resign.A. knowsB. knowC. have knownD. am to know5. 用and连接的并列成分前面有each, every, no 修饰时，意义为单数many a, more than one + 单数名词注意：more than of + 名词，谓语动词与其后的名词代词保持一致In China, each boy and (each) girl has the right to compulsory education.Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS bacteria.More than one man doesnt understand relativity theory.More than 60% of the students are from the city.More than one third of the water in this area is clean.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A. were B. have been C. has beenD. wasMany a writer of newspaper articlesto write novels.A. has turned B. have turned C. being turned D. are going to turn6.两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念（表示两个不同的人或物时，动词用复数）The writer and poet is going to England next week.The/A novelist and the/a poet are going to England next week.Truth and honesty is the best policy.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were7. none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。(正式文体一般用单，非正式可用复)None of the students have made mistakes this time.None of us is/are interested in your new subject.Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left.2. 谓语动词用复数主语例句1. 用and, bothand连接的并列主语在both, (a) few, many, several等修饰语后面He and I are classmates when we were at college.Swimming and running are my hobbies.2. 集合名词作主语 people, police, public, cattle, poultry, class, youth, militiaMost police wear uniforms.The cattle are grazing in the sunshine.3. 表示民族的词与冠词合用做主语The Japanese were once very aggressive.The English are more conservative than the Americans.4. 某些形容词加冠词表示是一类人 the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the aged, the woundedThe rich are not always selfish.The aged from various miseries in this country nowadays.A. is suffering B. are suffering C. was suffering D. were suffering5. 不可数名词做主语时，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时Three million tons of coals were exported that year.Two million square meters of housing constructed in my hometown last year.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. 就近一致主语例句eitheror, or neithernor,notbut, not onlybut (also),Tom or you are to blame.Neither you nor I am fit for the work.Not you but I am to blame for the mistake.Not only I but also my parents are fond of traveling around.Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. beThere be There is an apple and two books on the desk.There are two books and an apple on the desk.4. 特殊词类主语词例单复数例句1集体名词army, enemy, family, committee, party, government company, group, team, class, staff, crew, audience, 1.若视为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；2.若着眼于组成该集体的每个成员时，谓语动词则用复数。His family was poor and he used to sit in the family garage and draw pictures. My family are going on a trip this summer.Why are your group so happy? Our grouptheirs in the oral English competition. A. has won B. have gainedC. has beaten D. have defeated2成双成对出现的名词trousers, pants, shoes, gloves, glasses, scissors, 前面若无a pair of，a suit of，a set of，a series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数。若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。My blue trousers have worn out.This pair of glasses is very expensive. The two pairs of scissors are made in China.3以s结尾的单词news, means, physics, maths, politics通常用单数The news is true.Two pieces of good news have been published on todays evening paper.Every means has been tried.4单复同形sheep, dear, fish取决于在句中的含义A sheep is grazing on the hill.Twenty sheep are being sold in the market.5. 表示数量的短语和名词连用时，谓语动词取决于名词的数。主语 （可修饰或指代可数名词）单复数例句a lot of/lots of, plenty of +na heap of/heaps of+n分数/百分数 of+nmost/ the rest/ some/ part/ none of+n 谓语动词取决于所修饰词的名词的数1.单数或不可数名词，则用单数2.可数名词复数，则复数Most of the water is clean.Most of the apples taste delicious.of the people on the Net Chinas economy is among the strongest in the world. A. Four-fifth; believes B. Four-fifth; believeC. Four-fifths; believe D. Four-fifths; believes6. 固定结构中主语单复数例句1. a number of / a group of+/C/n.plthe number of /the group of+/C/n.pl复数单数A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war. The number of the visitors has decreased this year.2a quantity (of) (large) quantities (of) 修饰可数，不可数名词其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good eartheach year. A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away3kind(s) of +nn+of this kind/ that kind1.由kind的单复数决定2由名词的单复