高中英语教学论文 情态动词用法归类实例解析.pdf

常见情态动词用法及考点归类实例解析 常见情态动词用法及考点归类实例解析 情态动词的用法是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分 用来表示说话人对动作或状态的各 种观点和态度 可以表示能力 必要 猜测 意愿或怀疑等 情态动词有一定的意思 但不 完全 需和一定的动词原形一起构成谓语 它们在语义功能上经常出现相互交叉的现象 而 且这几年随着高考改革越来越侧重于 突出语篇 强调应用 注重交际 情态动词由于其 本身的功能作用 也就成了历年各地高考中的 常客 本文将结合高考例题 让同学们 身 临其境 地来感悟情态动词的语义功能 一 can could 一 can could 考例 1 考例 1 1 What a pity Considering his ability and experience he better 08 年江 西 A need have done B must have done C can have done D might have done 2 You don t have to know the name of the author to find a book You find the book by the title 08 年湖南 A must B need C can D would 3 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out 97 年全国 A had to B would C could D was able to 答案 答案 1 C 2 C 3 D 归纳 归纳 can could 可以用来表示一种泛指的能力 意思为 能够 could 是 can 的过去时形式 如果要表示特指某一次具体做某事的能力常用 be able to can could have done 可以表示 过去本来有能力做某事 例如 I can swim across the river easily But today I am so tired that I m not able to swim across it 考例 2考例 2 1 Mum I ve been studying English since 8 o clock I go out and play with Tom for a while No I m afraid not Besides it is raining outside now 04 年辽宁 A Can t B Wouldn t C May not D won t 2 A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time e specially at a railway station 03 年全国 A should B can C must D will 答案 答案 1 A 2 B 归纳 归纳 can 和 could 都可以用来表示请求或许可 在疑问句中表示请求时 使用 could 比 can 语气 更加婉转而没有时态之分 不过在表示许可的回答中之用 can 而不用 could 例如 Could Can I use your dictionary for a while Yes you can 考例 3 考例 3 用心 爱心 专心 1 1 Peter be really difficult at times even though he s a nice person in general 08 年辽宁 A shall B should C can D must 2 It is usually warm in my hometown in March but it be rather cold sometimes 08 年福建 A must B can C should D would 3 The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be every slow 05 年浙江 A should B must C will D can 答案 答案 1 C 2 B 3 D 归纳 归纳 can could 用在肯定句中可以表示一中发生几率不大的可能性 例如 Some things in the home can be dangerous especially if you have young children 考例 4 考例 4 1 You be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago 08 年浙江 A wouldn t B can t C mustn t D needn t 2 She have left school for her bike is still here 08 年天津 A can t B wouldn t C shouldn t D needn t 3 My MP4 player isn t in my bag Where I have put it 07 年福建 A can B must C should D would 答案 答案 1 B 2 A 3 A 归纳 归纳 can 和 could 常用在疑问句和否定句中表示推测语气 意思为 可能 如果是表示对过去 事情的推测时常用 can could have done 形式 例如 The man can t be our new headmaster because he looks so young He couldn t have finished the work when I met him just now 考例 5 考例 5 1 Mr Smith is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony 01 年上海春 A can B should C may D must 2 How you say that you really understand the whole story if you have cover ed only part of the article 03 年上海 A can B must C need D may 答案 答案 1 A 2 A 归纳 归纳 can could 都可以用在疑问句中来表示惊奇 怀疑的语气 此时二者没有时态区别 不过 could 的语气比 can 婉转 例如 How could he so careless that he made the same mistake again 此外 can could 还经常用在下列短语中 can t help doing 情不自禁 忍不住 cannot help but do 不得不 用心 爱心 专心 2 can t too 再 也不为过 越 越好 例如 At the news that they had won the final game the players couldn t help crying I couldn t help but walk home when my bike was broken You cannot be too careful when crossing the road 二 may might二 may might 考例 1 考例 1 I hear you ve got a set of valuable Australian coins I have a look Yes certainly 02 年春 A Do B May C Will D Should 答案 B 归纳 答案 B 归纳 may might 可以用在疑问句中表示求对方的许可 此时二者没有时态区分 不过使用 migh t 比 may 语气婉转 肯定回答时用 may 否定回答时用 mustn t 例如 May I watch TV after I finish my homework Yes you may No you mustn t 考例 2 考例 2 1 Although this sound like a simple task great care is needed 08 年四 川 A must B may C shall D should 2 Where is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday You it in the wrong place 07 年江西 A must put B should have put C might put D might have put 3 Are you going to the lecture tomorrow afternoon I m not sure now I go to Prof Black s class instead 07 年北京 A might B would C should D must 答案 答案 1 B 2 D 3 A 归纳 归纳 may might 可以用来表示推测语气 不过语气比较弱 如果表示对过去事情的推测时要用 may might have done 的形式 may not 的意思为 可能不 比 cannot 不可能 语气弱 例如 I may pay a visit to our former English teacher but I m not sure 此外 may还可以用来表示祝愿语气 以及构成短语may as well do 最好做 不妨做 例如 May you be happy forever In my opinion you may as well ask for his advice 三 must 三 must 考例 1 考例 1 1 In crowded places like airports and railway stations you take care of y our luggage 07 年北京 A can B may C must D will 用心 爱心 专心 3 2 Tom you leave all your clothes on the floor like this 05 年全国 I A wouldn t B mustn t C needn t D may not 3 Must he come to sign this paper himself Yes he 06 年广东 A need B must C may D will 答案 答案 1 C 2 B 3 B 归纳 归纳 must 可以用来表示命令 禁止的意思 语气强烈 常译为 必须 一定 它的否定形式 mustn t 译为 不可 禁止 千万不要 回答 must 的提问时 肯定意思可以用 must 否定回答常用 needn t 或 don t have to 例如 Must I return the book before tomorrow Yes you must No you needn t don t have to 考例 2 考例 2 1 May I smoke here If you choose a seat in the smoking section 06 年山东 A should B could C may D must 2 John look at the time you play the piano at such a late hour 05 年全 国 A Must B Can C May D Need 答案 答案 1 D 2 A 归纳 归纳 must 可以表示发生了与说话人愿望相反的事 常译为 偏偏 偏要 例如 Naturally when I tell him what to do he must go and do the opposite 考例 3 考例 3 1 The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn t have wasted time on him I suppose 07 年安徽 A should B can C would D must 2 Guess what I have got A for my term paper Great You read widely and put a lot of work into it 07 年上海 A must B should C must have D should have 答案 答案 1 D 2 C 归纳 归纳 must 可以用在肯定句中表示推测语气 语气最为肯定 意思为一定 否定句和疑问句中用 can could 代替 如表示推过去事情的最肯定推测时用 must have done 形式 例如 You must have suffered a lot when you traveled alone across the desert 四四 shall 考例 1 shall 考例 1 1 What s the name Khulaifi I spell that for you 06 年北京 A Shall B Would C Can D Might 用心 爱心 专心 4 2 The room is so dirty we clean it Of course 03 年北京春 A Will B Shall C Would D Do 答案 答案 1 A 2 B 归纳 归纳 shall 可以用在在疑问句中与第一 三人称连用 用来表示征求意见或请求指示 例如 We need a person very much to think up such an idea Shall the new engineer have a try 考例 2 考例 2 1 What does the sign over there read No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette cigar or pipe in this area 07 年四川 A will B may C shall D must 2 excuse me but I want to use your computer to type a report You have my computer if you don t take care of it 04 年湖南 A shan t B might not C needn t D shouldn t 答案 答案 1 C 2 A 归纳 归纳 shall 可以用在陈述句中与第二 三人称连用 表示给对方命令 警告或威胁的语气 例如 You shall never open the box without my permission 此外 shall 还可以用来构成以 Let s 开头的反义疑问句 例如 Let s have a rest shall we 五 should 五 should 考例 1 考例 1 1 I think I ll give Bob a ring You You haven t been in touch with him for ages 06 年江苏 A will B may C have to D should 2 I often seen lights in that empty house Do you think I report it to th e police 04 年广西 A should B may C will D can 答案 答案 1 D 2 A 归纳 归纳 should 可以用来表示劝告 建议 常译为 应当 应该 表示一种义务上的责任 相当 于 ought to 例如 You should spare time to pay a visit to your parents every week 考例 2 考例 2 1 How s your tour around the North Lake Is it beautiful It be but it is now heavily polluted 07 年全国 A will B would C should D must 用心 爱心 专心 5 2 There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have pract iced a lot in the driving school 05 年上海 A mustn t B shan t C shouldn t D needn t 答案 答案 1 C 2 C 归纳 归纳 should 可以表示按正常情况估计要发生的事 常译为 按理应当 估计 例如 Your photo should be ready by 12 p m if things goes smoothly 考例 3 考例 3 fired your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off 06 年湖北 A Would you be B Should be you C Could you be D Might you be 答案 答案 B 归纳 归纳 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中表示对将来事情的虚拟时 可用 should do should 不可省去 但可以省掉 if 而将 should 提前 同时在表示建议 请求 命令的动词或名词后的从句中以 及 important necessary strange natural 等形容词后的从句中在谓语动词常用 should do 此时 should 可以省略 It is necessary that everyone in this school should learn a second language He suggested that a doctor should be sent for at once 考例 4 考例 4 1 I told your friend how to get to the hotel but perhaps I have driven her there 07 年陕西 A could B must C should D would 2 I m sorry I at you the other day Forget it I was a bit out of control of myself 08 年江苏 A shouldn t shout B shouldn t have shouted C mustn t shout D mustn t have shouted 答案 答案 1 C 2 B 归纳 归纳 should 与 have done 连用 表示与过去事实相反并含有明显的对他人或自己抱怨或责备的 语气 意思为 本应该做 而实际上却没有做 例如 The tree is dead You should have watered it more often 六 will would 六 will would 考例 1 考例 1 1 John promised his doctor he not smoke and he never smoked ever since 08 年北京 A might B should C could D would 2 Mr Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon Don t you forget it 用心 爱心 专心 6 Ok I 06 年重庆 A won t B don t C will D do 3 Write to me when you get home 01 年春 A I must B I should C I will D I can 答案 答案 1 D 2 A 3 C 归纳 归纳 will would 可以表示意志 意愿 常用来构成祈使句的反意疑问句 例如 I can let you look at the photo if you will wait a little longer Let us have a rest will you 考例 2 考例 2 When he was there he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work ever y day 96 年上海 A would B should C had better D might 答案 答案 A 归纳 归纳 will 可以用来表示习惯性 规律性的动作 常译为 总是 一惯 would 表示过去的习惯 此时 will 的否定形式 won t 常用来表示某事物发生了令人不愉快的事情 例如 Fish will die without water The door won t open every time I hurry to get in 此外 will would 还可以用在疑问句中和第二人称连用 表示征求意见 二者没有时态 之分 不过使用 would 比 will 婉转 例如 Woul