it 的用法和there be.doc

“It”的用法和“There be”结构It 用法小结虽不是高考的热点，但这两年全国各省市试题经常出现。我们不能疏忽。 下面是用法20条。 并通过高考试题进行巩固： 1.It is+被强调部分+that该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，强调的主语如果是人，可以用来替换，如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其他从句的方法。It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.It was with great joy _he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建) A. because B. which C. since D. that(D) 2. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that 该句型译成汉语“直到才”，可以说是的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was _back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北) A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go (C) 3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that.该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然、真的、肯定）”是主语从句最常见的结构。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.=That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) that该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.5. It is said (reported, learned) that该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.6. It is suggested (ordered) that该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气 （should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“据建议；有命令”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.7. It is a pity (a shame) that 在该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！8. It is time (about time, high time) that该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）的时候”It is time that children should go to bed. =It is time that children went to bed.9. It is the first (second, )time that该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为“是第一（二,）次”。10. It is since该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. (2005 北京) A. before B. since C. after D. when(B)11. It is when该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当的时候，是”It was 5 oclock when he came here.12. It bebefore该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“之后才”，“没过就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will not be long before he finishes his job.13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that该句型中的it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧)It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看来)The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is(D) 14. It takes sbto do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做要花费某人”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.15It is no good (use) doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).It is no good learning English without speaking English.16. It doesnt matter whether该句型中的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为“不论（是否）没关系It doesnt matter whether they are old.17It is kind (of sb) to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引出，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。这个句型可以改写为sb.is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth 该句型与上一句统属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的，主句的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.19. It looks (seems) as if 该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句，常译为：“看起来好像”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了） It looks as if he was ill. （事实上没有生病）It seemed as if he was dying.20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构”7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.1指的是形式宾语it .2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.-Do you like _here? -Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全国卷二) A. this B. these C. that D. it (D)分析：it作形式宾语高考预测：1_that there will be another good harvest this autumn.A. He is said B. It is said C. It says D. It was said 2._ she was free on Monday morning,A. That happened B. It is happened that C. It happened to D. It happened that 3._three years since he joined the army.A. That is B. It is C. This is D. It was 4. _is good _you to have taken good care of your classmates.A. This; to B. It; for C. That; it D. It; of 5. What a long way _!A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is 6. Does _matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?A. this B. it C. that D. which 7. _makes me sick to think of the matter.A. That B It C. This D. Which 8. The parents will never forget that _ the doctor _had saved their childs life.A. It is; that B. It was; that c. That is; when D. It was; when 9._about half past ten _we got to the station.A. It is; that B. It was; that C. That is; when D. It was; when 10. We consider _our duty helping him.A. it B. that C. which D. that 答案: 1-5 BDBDA 6-10 BBBDA “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解(1)2006-8-3115:0“It” 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达以下概念：指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this，that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象二、It用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous例 It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem.（3）It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Its no good/use doingIts（well）worth doingIts（well）worth ones while doing/to doIts（well）worth while doing/ to do例 Its no use crying over spilt milk.2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型（1）It is + noun +从句例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.（2）It is adj. +clauseIts surprising that（should） 竟然Its a pity/shame that（should） 竟然例 Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.（=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.）（3）It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that例 It worried me that she drove so fast.（= It was worrying that she drove so fast.）（4）It verb（to sb.）that= sb/sth verb to do（verb = appear，seem，come about，emerge，follow，chance，happen，occur，transpire，turn out ，work out）例 It（so）happened/chanced that they were out.（= They happened/chanced to be out.）（5）It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do（verb=say，report，think，believe，hope，expect，agree，accept，decide，determine，intend，plan，understand，know）例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.（=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.）（6）It is v-ed that （should）（verb=demand，request，require，order，suggest，advise，recommend例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解(2)2006-8-3115:0三、It作主语的句型1. It takes sb. to do（=sb takesto do）某人用多长时间做某事例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.（= The men took a week to mend our roof.）2. Its（just）（un）like sb. to do（不）像某人做某事的风格例 It was（just）like him to think of helping us.3. Its（about/high）time that should /v-ed是该做某事的时候了例 Its（about/high）time that we should take action.4. Its the x-th time（that） have v-ed第几次做某事了例 Its the third time that he has failed the driving test.5. It is/has been since continuous v-ed（延续性动词）某动作已有多长时间不发生了例 Its 10 years that he lived here6. It was（not） before过（不）了多长时间某动作发生了例 It was not long before they arrived.四、It 作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It 作形式宾语的常见句型：1. verb+ it+ adj./noun（for/of）to do/clause （verb=think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，keep）例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own.2. verb+it+adj./noun（ones）doing（adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile）（noun=no use/no good/worth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words）（verb=think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，keep）例 Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret.3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that （should）verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that（should）（verb=think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，keep）例 I think it important that you（should）attendthe conference.4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause（verb=accept，regard，take，see，view）例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.5. v. +it + prep. + thatowe it to sb. that把归功于leave it to sb that把留给某人去做take it for granted that 想当然keep it in mind that例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy，like，love，dislike，resent，hate，dont mind，be fond of，feel like，see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后例 I hate it you can swim so well and I cant.7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外）例 Im for it that you will follow their advice.五、强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+ that（who） 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who.在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句例 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday.3. 在强调not until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别例 It was at 7 oclock that he came here yesterday.（ 强调句型）It was 7 oclock when he came here yesterday.（定语从句）“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解(3)2006-8-3115:0六、It 常用的固定搭配1. make it（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例 Its hard to make it to the top in show business.（2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”例 Shall we meet next week？OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. as it is（1）相当于in fact，in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是”例 We had planed to finish the task today，but as it is we probably wont finish it until next week.（2）相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”例 Leave the table as it is.3. as it were 相当于as one might say，that is to say，表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”例 He is，as it were，a modern Sherlock Holmes.4. if it werent for/if it hadnt been for用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without，or but for，表示“如果不是，要不是”例 If it werent for Tom，I wouldnt be alive today.5. thats it（1）相当于Thats all. Thats so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了”例 You can have one more sweet，and thats it.（2）相当于 Thats right.表示“对啦”例 I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”Thats it.6. catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”例 Well really catch it form our teacher if were late for class again.7. have it（1）相当于say，insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.（2）相当于get to know something，表示“了解，知道，获悉”例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.8. have what it takes在口语中，相当于be well qualified for，表示“具有成功的条件”例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.9. so it seems / appears.10. Keep at it！（Dont give up！）相当于go on，表示“继续做，不放弃”例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.11. Go it！（Go on！）拼命干，莽撞12. Now you have done it！（You have done sth. wrong.）13. Now youll catch it！（Youll be punished.）14. As it happened， 在口语中，相当于its a pity that，表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”例 As it happened，they were out.15. As it turned out，在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end，表示“最后被证明是”例 As it turned out，his statement was false.16. Such as it is（they are）在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much，表示“虽然没有多大价值”例 You can borrow my exam notebook，such as it is.17. Take it/things easy. 相当于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”例 Take it easy！ He will do it well.18. Take it from me.在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time.19. For what it is worth在口语中，相当于although Im not sure its of value，表示“不管其价值如何”例 Here is the article I promise you，for what its worth.20. Worth it 在口语中，相当于useful，表示“有好处，值得做”例 Dont hesitate about it！ Its worth it.21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”例 Believe it or not，Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.23. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasnt been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”例 Are you going to the countryside for holiday？It/That all depends.24. Its up to sb. 在口语中，相当于its decided by sb. 表示“由决定，由负责，取决于”例 Shall we go out for dinner？Its up to you.知识要点：一、代词it用 法例 句代替前文提到过的东西或事情，用作人称代词。This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.这是一本新词典，我昨天买的。Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?汤姆上月入伍了，你知道这事吗？代替指示代词，起着this或that的作用Is this your car? No, it isnt. 这是你的汽车吗？不是。Whats that?Its a video. 那是什么？它是一台录像机。Whose room is this?It is theirs.这是谁的房间，是他们的。指明某人或某物的身分，还可指不明性别的婴儿Whos there? Its me. (Its John) 谁在那儿？是我。（是约翰）Go and see who it is that rings. Its Bill.去看看是谁来的电话，是比尔。The Greens have a new baby. Its lovely.格林家有一个新生婴儿。它很可爱。指时间，距离，自然现象（天气，气候，明暗）量度，价值等Its Sunday today. 今天是星期天。Its three months since he came here.自从他来到这里，已经三个月了。How far is it to the Great Wall .到长城有多远？Its getting dark. 天快黑了。How much is the coat? Its ninety dollars.这件衣服多少钱？九十美元。二、引导词it用 法例 句形代替不定式短语It is up to you to decide. 这事要由你决定。It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.听说你恢复了健康，这使我很高兴。式主代替动名词短语Its no good smoking. 吸烟没有好处。Its worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.用整夜的时间来研究那个问题是值得的。语代替主语从句It doesnt matter what you do. 你干什么都没有关系。It seems that everyone has known the news.好象大家都知道这个消息。形式代替不定式短语I consider it better to be early.我认为能够早一些更好。We found it impossible to get there before July .我们觉得，要在七月以前到达那里是不可能的。宾语代替动名词短语We thought it no use doing that.我们认为做那事没有用。代替宾语从句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .老师清楚地指出，每个人都应该按时交作业。三、it在强调结构中强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+ that (who) + 其它强调部分例 句说 明主语It is I who am to blame. 是我该受责怪。It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.昨天来的是你叔叔。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用It is that(who)如果原句谓语动词是过去时态，则用It wasthat(who)。在宾语It was a new pen that Mother gave me .母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。强调时间，地点，原因或方式时不要用when, where, how, 必须用that。地点It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.我把雨伞就落在了教室里。状时间It is at eleven that the train leaves.火车是在十一点钟离开。方式It was just as he ordered that I acted.我正是照他吩咐的那样做的。语原因It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.正是因为他处境困难我才尽力帮助他。宾补 It was red that we painted the gate.我们把门油漆成红的颜色。It was chairman that they elected him .他们选他担任的是主席的职务。语法复习专题-it的用法 作者：zapple摘转贴自：网络点击数：2420更新时间：2005-5-17文章录入：zp 一、考点聚焦1、it的基本用法（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.（2）用以代替提示代词this, that。Whats this? Its a knife.Whose watch is that? Its mine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。Who is knocking at the door? Its me.（4）指环境情况等。It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.（5）指时间、季节等。What time is it? Its eight oclock.It often rains in summer here.（6）指距离。It is a long way to the school.（7）作形式主语。It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is as pity that you didnt read the book.（8）作形式宾语。I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.（9）用于强调结构。It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the