机电专业英语考试题库.docx

1. Manufacturing Definitions（制造的定义）; 2. Machining Operations（加工操作）;3. Machine Tools and Ancillary Equipment（机床及辅助设备）;4. Cutting Tools and Related Terminology（刀具及相关术语）；5. Coolants, Lubricants, and Related Terminology（冷却剂、润滑剂及相关术语）6. Accessories and Attachments（配件和附件）;7. Alloys, Coatings, Material Compositions, and Related Terminology（合金、涂料、材料组合物和相关术语）;8. Heat-treating and Special Processes（热处理和特殊工艺）;5. Inspection, Measurement, and Quality Control（检验，测量和质量控制）;9. Robotics and Automated Assembly（机器人和自动化装配）;10. Nontraditional Machining（特种加工）.1. Conference paper（会议论文）2. Journal paper （期刊论文）3. Lecture（讲座）4. Book (Dissertation or Thesis)（书（论文或论文）5. Report (News)（报告（新闻）6. Manual and Specification（手册和规范）缩略语DSPs Dynamic Signal Process System 数字信号处理系统ROM read only memory 只读存储器RAM random access memory 随机（存取）储存器Radar radio detecting and ranging 雷达GIS gas insulated station 气体绝缘变电站 GIS geography information system 地理信息系统CAM computer-aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System 计算机集成制造系统CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning 计算机辅助生产计划，计算机辅助工艺LED light emitting diode 发光二极管SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引IP Internet Protocol 网际协议UPS uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源FEA Finite Element Analysis 有限元分析FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 柔性制造系统ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师协会IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 美国电气电子工程师协会 MRP manufacturing resource planning 制造资源计划 ；MRP material requirements planning 物料需求计划 ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划IRPIntelligent Resource Planning 智能资源计划DRP Distribution Resource Planning 分销资源计划CNC Computer numerical control 数控机床appx. appendix 附录fig. figure 图sq. square 平方msg. message 信息 amp. amplifier 放大器o.p. operational amplifier 运算放大器长难句翻译A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large that hundreds of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare; here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.我们知道有些星球不比地球大多少，但大多数星球都很大，每个星球里能装进成千上万个地球还绰绰有余。我们还能随处碰见一种巨星，大得足以容纳亿万个地球。Like the kick of a gun when it is fired, it follows the laws of nature described by Sir Isaac Newton when he discovered that “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction”.正像打枪时的后座力一样，它符合艾萨克牛顿爵士所发现的并加以描述的自然规律：“对每个作用力来说，都有一个大小相等、方向相反的反作用力。”If you have wide and keen interest and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.你要是有广泛的爱好和强烈的兴趣，而且还有能力参加一些活动，你就没有理由去考虑自己已经活了多少岁这样的具体数字，更没理由去考虑自己的有生之年大概是很短暂的了。Iron rusts as it exposes to the open air on account of the corrosion made by the destructive chemical attack of a metal coming into contact with such media as air, water and moisture.金属在接触空气、水和湿气等介质时会受到破坏性的化学侵蚀，由于这种腐蚀，铁暴露在露天时要生锈。This is why the hot water system in a furnace will operate without the use of a water pump, if the pipes are arranged so that the hottest water rises while the coldest water runs down again to the furnace.如果把管子装成能让最热的水上升，而最冷的水流下来回到锅炉去，那么锅炉中的热水系统不用水泵就能运转，其道理就在于此。A student of mathematics must become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly, and be well versed in the definitions, formulas as well as the technical terms in the field of mathematics. In order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.为了打好数学基础，掌握好数学，以便学习深造，一个学数学的人必须熟悉和牢记数学中常用的记号和符号，精熟定义、公式及术语。Halleys Comet is the most famous of all periodical comets, which move around the sun and reappear in our skies at known intervals.哈雷彗星是所有周期性彗星中最著名的一颗。这些彗星绕太阳运行并按照已知的间隔重复出现在我们的上空。The law of universal gravitation states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.万有引力定律陈述道，宇宙中每种物质的粒子以一种力吸引其他各种物质的粒子。这种力跟物质粒子质量的乘积成正比，跟它们之间的距离的平方成反比。On account of the accuracy and ease with which resistance measurements may be made and well-known manner in which resistance varies with temperature, it is common to use this variation to indicate changes in temperature.我们都知道，电阻的大小是随温度而变化的，用电阻进行测量既精确又方便，因此通常都用电阻的变化来表示温度的变化。For example, the largest early computers occupied a volume of hundreds of cubic meters and required many tens of kilowatts of electrical power and a sizable air-conditioning installation to allow this amount of energy to be dissipated without raising the room temperature to unbearable values.例如，早期最大的计算机要占数百立方米的空间，需要几十千瓦的电源和一个相当大的空调设备来消除这些大量的热，而不至于使室温上升到超过允许值。People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex. They mix it with acid, and dry it, and then they send it to countries all over the world.人们从橡胶树中获得天然橡胶。这是一种叫做“乳胶”的白色乳状液体。人们先将橡胶与酸混合在一起，将其烘干，然后再运往世界各国。Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried, before being dispatched to countries all over the world.天然橡胶取自橡胶树在取出时是一种叫做“乳胶”的白色乳状液体。在运往世界各国之前，橡胶要经过酸处理和烘干。Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit.今天，电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题，这些问题与天气预报和把卫星送入轨道有关。Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium; the tape containing the information required to produce the part can be stored, reused or modified when required.中小批量生产产品时，数控机床极为有用。录有生产零件资料的磁带可以被存储，重用，或在需要时加以修改。When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when the steam was formed.当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其原来形成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。When water is evaporated into steam , heat is taken in. When it is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out.当水蒸发为蒸汽时，吸收热量。当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，释放出相等的热量。Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.非移动性机器人能学会执行生产任务，然后就可以置之一旁不倦地工作，这样的机器人甚至在今天也广泛用于世界各地的工厂。In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light.热能在辐射时转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the same height.向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibration but later to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性的介质。这种尝试的结果，最初曾使人们以为存在一种有形的能传输横向振动的介质的具体实例，但后来却使人得出了这样一个明确的结论：并不存在任何具有上述假定所认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when the steam was formed.当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其原来形成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。When water is evaporated into steam , heat is taken in. When it is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out.当水蒸发为蒸汽时，吸收热量。当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，释放出相等的热量。Non-mobile robots, capable of learning to perform an industrial task and then of being left to perform it tirelessly, are even now in use in industrial plants all over the world.非移动性机器人能学会执行生产任务，然后就可以置之一旁不倦地工作，这样的机器人甚至在今天也广泛用于世界各地的工厂。In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light.热能在辐射时转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the same height.向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibration but later to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性的介质。这种尝试的结果，最初曾使人们以为存在一种有形的能传输横向振动的介质的具体实例，但后来却使人得出了这样一个明确的结论：并不存在任何具有上述假定所认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。短句：Whenever a force acts on a body so as to make the body move through some distance, it is said to have done work.当一个力作用在一个物体上，使物体移动通过一定的距离，它是说已经做了功。Distillation is helpful to separating water from dissolved salts and other substances.蒸馏有助于在水中分离溶解的盐和其他物质。To put into full play of the incubation function of the high-tech developed zone, we should pay enough attention to the following: first, cultivate a number of new high-tech enterprises; Second, promote a number of new high-tech products; third, train a group of entrepreneurs.要充分发挥高新技术开发区的孵化功能，要注意以下几点：一是培育一批高新技术企业；第二，推广一些高新技术产品；第三、培养一群企业家。An electric current which reverses its direction at regular intervals, and which is constantly changing in magnitude is called an alternating current, which is usually abbreviated to a. c.在一定规律的时间间隔内反转其方向且在大小上不断变化的电流被称为交流电，通常缩写为交流电。Numerical control machines made on the principle of mechatronics are most useful when the quantities of the products to be produced are low or medium; the tape containing the information required to produce the part can be stored or modified when required, thus bringing about further savings and higher productivity.当生产产品数量较少或中等时，使用基于机电一体化技术制造的数控机床是十分有效的；包含着产品部件信息的磁盘可以在需要时存储或修改，这样就带来了更多的节约和更高的生产力。It is concluded that the behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.可以得出结论，流体流经管道的行为受一些因素的影响，包括流体的粘度和它被泵送的速度。It has been shown through the experiment that the charges of the nucleus and electrons are equal so that the atom is electrically neutral. 通过实验证明，原子核和电子的电荷相等，所以原子是呈电中性的。The solar system consists of the sun and many smaller bodies that revolve around the sun.太阳系由太阳和围绕太阳旋转的许多较小的天体组成。With the acceptance of the Copernican system, the earth was added to the number of planets revolving around the Sun, and the moon was recognized as the earths satellite.随着哥白尼系统验收，地球被添加到围绕太阳旋转的行星之一，且月亮是地球的卫星。Uranus, which is barely visible to the unaided eye, was discovered in 1781几乎不能被肉眼看到的天王星在1781被发现.Based on these facts, it has been theorized that the moon has a crust perhaps a few kilometers thick and a mantle about 70 kilometers thick.基于这些事实，人们推测月球表面可能有几公里厚的地壳和70千米厚的地幔。A micropyrometer means an optical instrument to measure the temperature of small glowing bodies.微高温计是一种光学仪器，用来测量微小发光物体的温度。The events and games are of several different types. There are individual contests, where each athlete competes alone.赛事和游戏分为几种类型，有个人比赛项目，即每个运动员单独参加竞赛。Most of us are afraid of something at least one in our life. And not all fears are bad.我们大多数人都害怕的东西，至少在我们的生活中会有一个。然而，并非所有的恐惧都是有害的。Few women are professional, most of them are spare-time player.很少有女性是专业的，他们中的大部分都是业余选手.The desert is hot and dry, but the coast areas are warm and humid.沙漠是炎热和干燥的，但海岸地区是温暖和潮湿的。Suites, which include two or more rooms connected together perhaps a bedroom and a living room, are for people who are very rich or very important.套房，包括两个或两个以上的房间连接在一起，也许是一个卧室和一个客厅，是为那些非常富有或非常重要的人。Ranchers raise cattle for the meat that people eat. Most ranches are located in flat open country where there is plenty of grass for the cattle to feed on.牧场主饲养牲畜是为了给人们提供食用的肉类。大多数牧场位于平坦开阔的地区，那里有充足的青草供饲养牲畜。If we introduce into the device first one number and then another, the result will give the sum of these numbers. Subtraction is essentially the addition of negative numbers. Multiplication is done by repeating addition of the necessary number of times, and division by repeating subtraction.如果我们在设备中引入一个数字，然后另一个，结果将会给出这些数字的和。减法本质上就是负数的加法。乘法是通过重复加法必要的次数或通过重复的减法来完成的。Simple distillation works well to separate one component from a mixture of liquids if boiling points of the components are far apart.如果溶质的沸点相距甚远, 简单蒸馏可以从一个混合物的液体中很好地分离某个成分，The spacecraft were equipped with sensitive radars and eavesdropping radio receivers. Their sole mission: surveillance. Now as the space spies looked downs from their 600-mile attitude, they plotted the movement of ships back and forth across the water below.该航天器装备有灵敏的雷达和窃听无线电接收器。他们唯一的任务就是监测。如今，当太空间谍们从他们600英里的姿态中往下看时，他们绘制了船只在水下的来回移动。As an introduction to the subsequent discussions of production systems and advanced manufacturing technologies， it is useful to present a definition of the term manufacturing system. A manufacturing system can be defined as a series of value-adding manufacturing processes converting the raw materials into more useful forms and eventually finished products.作为一个介绍的生产系统和先进的制造技术的后续讨论，提出集群生产系统的概念的十分有用的。制造系统可以被定义为一系列价值叠加的制造过程，将原材料转换成更有用的形式，并最终完成产品.In the modern manufacturing setting, flexibility is an important characteristic. It means that a manufacturing system is versatile and adaptable, while also capable of handling relatively high production runs. A flexible manufacturing system is versatile in that it can produce a variety of parts. It is adaptable because it can be quickly modified to produce a completely different line of parts.在现代制造业格局中，灵活性是一个重要的特征。这意味着一个制造系统有较强的通用性和适应性强的，同样也能够承担大规模的生产与运行。一个灵活的制造系统是通用的，它可以产生各种各样的零件。它有较强的适应性是因为它可以被快速修改以产生完全不同的部分。A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is an individual machine or group of machines served by an automated materials handling system that is computer controlled and has a tool handling capability. Because of its tool handling capability and computer control, such a system can be continually reconfigured to manufacture a wide variety of parts. This is why it is called a FMS.柔性制造系统(FMS)是由计算机控制的自动化材料处理系统其由一种机器或一组机器组成，它具有一种工具处理能力。由于它的工具处理能力和计算机控制能力，这样的系统可以不断地重新配置，以制造各种各样的部件。这就是为什么它被称为FMS。 FM was born in the mid-1960s when the British firm Molins, Ltd. developed its System 24. System 24 was a real FMS. However, it was doomed from the outset because automation, integration, and computer control technology had not yet been developed to the point where they could properly support the system. The first FMS was a development that was ahead of its time. As such, it was eventually discarded as unworkable.FM诞生于上世纪60年代中期，当时英国公司Molins公司开发了它的系统24。系统24是一个真正的柔性制造系统。然而，它从一开始就注定要失败，因为自动化、集成和计算机控制技术还没有发展到可以适当地支持系统的地步。第一个FMS是一个超前的发展。因此，它最终被抛弃，是不可行的。In manufacturing there have always been tradeoffs between production rates and flexibility. At one end of the issue are transfer lines capable of high production rates, but low flexibility. At the other end of the issue are independent CNC machines that offer maximum flexibility, but are capable only of low production rates. Flexible manufacturing falls in the middle. There has always been a need in manufacturing for a system that could produce higher volume and production runs than independent machines, while still maintaining flexibility.在制造业中，生产效率和灵活性之间一直存在着权衡。对于这个问题的一个极端是能够高效工作的生产线，但灵活性较低。该问题的另一极端是独立的CNC设备，它提供最大的灵活性，但只能生产低的生产率。灵活的制造业处于中间位置。在制造业中，总有一种需求，即生产比独立机器更大、产量更高的系统，同时还能保持灵活性。Transfer lines are capable of producing large volumes of parts at high production rates. The line takes a great deal of setup, but can turn out identical parts in large quantities. Its chief shortcoming is that even minor design changes in a part can cause the entire line to be shut down and reconfigured. This is a critical weakness because it means that transfer lines cannot produce different parts, even parts from within the same family, without costly and time-consuming shutdown and reconfiguration.转移生产线能够以较高的产量生产大量的部件。这条线需要大量的安装，但可以大批量生产相同的部件。它的主要缺点是，即使是很小的设计更改，也会导致整个线路被关闭和重新配置。这是一个关键的弱点，因为它意味着在不需要花费昂贵和耗时的关闭和重新配置的前提下，转移线路不能产生不同的部件，甚至是同一族系内部的部件。Traditionally, CNC machines have been used to produce small volumes of parts that differ slightly in design. Such machines are ideal for this purpose because they can be quickly reprogrammed to accommodate minor or even major design changes. However, as independent machines they cannot produce parts in large volumes or at high production rates.传统上，数控机床被用来制造小体积的零件，在设计上略有不同。这种机器非常适合这种用途，因为它们可以快速地重新编程，以适应小甚至重大的设计变化。然而，作为独立的机器，它们不能大批量生产零部件，也不能生产高产量。An FMS can handle higher volumes and production rates than independent CNC machines. It cannot quite match such machines for flexibility, but they come close. What is particularly significant about the middle ground capabilities of flexible manufacturing is that most manufacturing situations require medium production rates to produce medium volumes with enough flexibility to quickly reconfigure to produce another part or product. Flexible manufacturing fills this long-standing void in manufacturing.与独立的CNC机器相比，FMS可以处理更大的体积和更高的生产率。它不能很好地匹配这种机器的灵活性，但是它们很接近。对于灵活制造的中等能力而言，最重要的是，大多数制造情况都需要中等产量来生产中等容量的产品，并具有足够的灵活性，以便迅速地重新配置，以生产另一部分或产品。灵活的制造业填补了制造业长期以来的空白。Electricity can be measured in amount and quality.电可以用数量和质量来度量。Low-temperature solar heat is produced by the absorption of sunlight by darkened surfaces that convert it into heat, which can be used for warming water or other fluids.通过黑色表面吸收太阳光来产生低温太能热，并将它们转化为可用于加热水或其他流体的热能。An alloy is usually defined as a combination of two or more elements out of which the major one should be metal.合金通常定义为两种或多