学位英语翻译练习题.doc

第一单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. passage1 (1) There are four major types of education in China; basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education and adult education. Basic education refers to preschool, primary and general secondary education. Vocational education mainly includes education provided by specialized secondary schools, professional technical schools, including diverse forms of short-term vocational and technical training courses. Higher education refers to short 2-to 3-year higher education programs, 4-year undergraduate education programs, and 3-to 4-year postgraduate education programs. (2) And adult education includes literacy classes, night school education and other forms of education provided for adults. Passage 2(3) The Chinese government is devoting increasing attention to preschool education.The main tasks of child-care institution are to help children cultivate desirable and healthy habits, develop their talents, (4) help them express themselves orally and encourage them to get into a good habit of learning, ingrain in their minds with senses like honesty, courage, discipline, cooperation, friendliness and good manners, and teach the, basic knowledge on culture, simple arithmetic and common senses about music, drawing and dancing. 答案：（1）中国的教育主要有4种类型：基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和成人教育。（2）成人教育包括扫盲班、夜校教育，以及为成人所提供的其他类型的教育。（3）中国政府十分重视学龄前教育。（4）帮助他们口头表达自己的想法，鼓励他们养成良好的学习习惯。第二单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archeologists studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live and outlives in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. (2) Archeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. Passage 2The North American frontier changed some of the characteristics of the pioneers of the 1750s and intensified others. (3) They were, as a group, semiliterate, proud, and stubborn, as dogged in their insistence on their own way of life as pine roots cracking granite to grow. Perhaps their greatest resource was their capacity to endure. (4) They outlasted recurrent plagues of smallpox and malaria and a steady progression of natural accidents. 答案：（1）考古学是历史学的一个来源，而不是地位卑微的辅助学科。（2）考古学的资料就是人类行为所造成的物质变化，更简单地说，是石化了人类行为。（3）作为一个整体，他们是半文盲，高傲并且顽固。他们坚持自己的生活方式就像松树根在花岗石中爆缝生长。（4）他们熬过了经常性的天花、疟疾等瘟疫及一系列自然灾难。第三单元Passage 1 (1) I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenyas Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of todays African mammals roamed the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. (2) The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct. Passage 2 The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of lifes experiments have ended in extinction. (3) It is intimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 400 million years are gone. So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? I believe so. (4) We know that the well-being of the human race id tied to the well-being of many other species, and we cant be sure which species are most important to our own survival. 答案：（1）我一生中最兴奋的一段时光是在肯尼亚的图尔卡纳湖东岸工作的日子，在那里寻找我们祖先遗骨化石。（2）那时的环境与今天非洲湿润的草原并没有太大差别，然而当时草原上生活着大量让人惊奇的动物，却早在很久以前就已在地球上销声匿迹了。（3）据估计，过去四亿年间存在的生物种类95%以上已在地球上消失了。（4）我们知道，人类的幸福安康与许许多多其他物种的繁荣休戚相关，而且我们无法确切地知道哪些物种对于人类的生存是至关重要的。第四单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) Sleep is part of a persons daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. (2) When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Passage 2(3) A critical factor that plays a part in susceptibility to clods is age. A study done by the University of Michigan School of Public Health revealed particulars that seem to hold true for the general population. (4) Infants are the most cold-ridden group, averaging more than six colds in their first years. Boys have more colds than girls up to age three. After the age of three, girls are more susceptible than boys, and teenage girls average three colds a year to boys two.答案：（1）睡眠是人每天日常活动循环的一部分。（2）在你开始昏昏入睡时，你的眼球会转动几下，体温略有下降，肌肉放松，呼吸变得缓慢而有节奏。（3）年龄是人们是否易患感冒的一个重要因素。（4）婴儿期是最易感冒的时期，从出生到一周岁平均至少感冒六次。在三周岁前，男孩比女孩感冒次数要多。第五单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. (2) Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. Passage 2(3) One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grow foods. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. (4) So there is real cause for concern if consumers particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead. 答案：（1）北美的消费者们越来越关注他们的日常饮食是否安全和有营养。（2）尽管这些说法多数未被科学证实，但是由于大量文章支持这一观点，使得普通群众难辨真伪。 （3）大多数绿色食品有一个共同点，即它们的价格高于以常规方式种植的食物。（4）如果消费者们，尤其是那些收入有限的消费者们，怀疑传统食品而只购买更昂贵的绿色食品，那就值得担忧了。第六单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) The city of Machida（町田市）, Japan, is finding some new ways to solve the problem of what to do with the large amounts of wastes or garbage produced by modern society. Machida is near Tokyo. When Machida first become an independent city 25 years ago, 60,000 person lived there. (2) Now 3,000,000 persons live in Machida, and they produce about 220 tons of garbage each day. Passage 2(3) To solve this problem, they built a 300-million-dollar waste treatment center that opened in 1984. By the time the center opened, the city had already educated its citizens in how to prepare their garbage for the center. (4) Citizens of Machida separate their garbage into different kinds first: reusable, polluting, poisonous and that which will burn or that which will not burn.答案：（1）日本的町田市找到了一些新方法来解决现代社会产生的大量废物或垃圾处理问题。（2）现在町田市居住着300万人，他们每天会制造220吨垃圾。（3）为解决这一问题，他们建立了耗资3亿美元的垃圾处理中心，并于1984年投入使用。（4）町田市市民首先要把垃圾分为不同种类：即可再次使用类、污染类、有毒类以及可燃烧类或不可燃烧类。第七单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) The advantages are obviousrobots can do things humans just dont want to do, and they are usually more cost effective. Robots can also do things more precisely than humans and allow progress in medical science and other useful advances. (2) But, as with any machine, a robot can break down and even cause disaster. Theres also the possibility that wicked people will use robots for evil purposes. Yet this is also true with other forms of technology such as weapons and biological material. Passage 2(3) No one will deny that the introduction of modern technology has improved the structure of society, and helped man gain increasing control over his environment. The technology of cloning, for example, open up many exciting possibilities, from propagating endangered animal species to producing replacement organs for transplant patients. Agriculture stands to benefit as well; (4) diary farmers could clone their champion cows, making it possible to produce more milk from smaller herds. 答案：（1）机器人的优点是显而易见的，它们可以做人类不愿做的事，而且往往比较经济实惠（而且往往用起来比较划算）。（2）然而，就像其他的任何机器一样，机器人也会出故障，甚至造成灾难。 （3）无人会否认，现代技术的采用已经改善了社会结构。（4）奶场主可以复制他们的一流奶牛，使少养牛多产奶成为可能。第八单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) Communities around the world organized events to promote awareness of childrens health issues, which included drawing contests for schoolchildren in Vietnam, street plays in India, puppet shows in Namibia, and professional lectures for policy makers in Germany and elsewhere. Activities also took place in cities across Canada on Monday, including Calgary, Montreal, Halifax and Ottawa. Although children under five represent only 10 percent of the worlds population, they bear 40 percent of the global disease burden, says the WHO. And as much as one-third of the total burden of disease may be caused by environmental factors. World Health Day has been celebrated on April 7th since 1950. (2) Each year the WHO chooses a theme to highlight areas of particular concern. Last years theme, Move for Health, focused on promoting physical activity as part of healthy living. Passage 2European football has never been a balanced affair. The very first professional league championship in 1889 was a cakewalk for Preston North End, which went through a 22-game season without losing a mach. (3) Championship in Portugal, Greece, the Netherlands and Scotland are nearly always won by just two or three clubs. Leagues in bigger countries are scarcely less open. Manchester United has won nine out of 15 league titles since the English Premier League was set up in 1992. (4) None of this has impeded the global popularity of football, which has done far better as an export industry than Americas more equal sports.答案：（1）世界各地的团体组织各种各样的活动来提高对儿童健康问题的认识，像在越南举行的学龄儿童的绘画比赛、印度的街头表演、纳米比亚的木偶剧以及在德国及其他一些地方面向政策制定者们所做的一些职业讲座。（2）每年世界卫生组织都选择一个主题来强调某一领域的特殊问题。去年的主题是“为健康而行动”，强调了增强体育运动作为健康生活的一部分。（3）葡萄牙、希腊、荷兰和苏格兰的锦标赛也经常是两三个俱乐部独占鳌头。（4）这些都没有阻止足球在全球的受欢迎程度，作为一种出口产业，它要比美国更为平等的体育做得更好。第九单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents is poor and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is deficient listening behavior. As a casein point, one parent believed that her daughter had a severs hearing problem. (2) She was so convinced that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested. The audiologist carefully tested both ears and reported back to the parent: “Theres nothing wrong with her hearing. Shes just tuning you out.”Passage 2(3) The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as wellgrandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. Such “extended” families were suited for survival in slow paced agricultural societies. But such families are hard to transplant. They are immobile. (4) Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. 答案：（1）最近的一项民意测验显示：美国一半的青少年认为他们与父母的交流不好，而且造成这种隔阂的一个首要原因是有不理想的倾听行为。（2）她对此确信无疑，于是就带着女儿去听觉病矫治专家那儿检查她的耳朵。（3）工业化之前的典型家庭模式不仅包括许多孩子，而且还有很多其他的家庭成员祖父母、叔叔、婶婶、堂兄妹等。（4）工业化需要大量原因并能够离开家乡外出寻找工作的工人，而且他们可以根据需要随时流动。第十单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) Many people think that our generation, who have been and are being influenced by both Chinese and western cultures, seem to positioned in an embarrassing place, where we can neither deeply understand Chinese conventional culture nor entirely accommodate to western ways of thinking. What attracts us in the western feast is simply its superficial formations. We are apt to feel bored, yet, when such formations are over-flaked. (2) The romance in the Valentines and the liveliness by the Thanksgiving used to bring us sense of passion and novelty, but nowadays many of us have annoyed via such festivals. Passage 2In western countries, Christmas is the most important festival. (3) Everyone will return home to spend this day with their families. Most families will buy a Christmas tree for their children; the Santa will also bring them gifts. (4) In this day, people will enjoy delicious foods, and everyone will have fun. 答案：（1）很多人认为同时接受中西方文化影响我们这一代人似乎处在一个很尴尬的位置上，既不能深切地理解中国传统文化，也不能完全适应西方的思维方式。（2）如果说情人节的浪漫和感恩节的热闹在几年前会给我们带来新鲜和激情，那么现在，我们当中的许多人已经对这些节日感到无奈和厌烦了。（3）每个人都有回家和家人度过这一天。（4）在这一天，人们都会享受到美食，而且都会玩得很高兴。第十一单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effect on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism. (2) But what these people fail to see is that the international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history. Passage 2(3) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. (4) Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.答案：（1）近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛的关注。（2）但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成灾难性的影响。（3）应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。（4）因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终导致当地旅游业的衰败。第十二单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color. Even in the same litter, both brown and black furred bears may be born. (2) Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds. Passage 2(3) Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea, it is understandable that some of the efficient, highly adaptable, warm-blooded mammalsthat evolved on land should have returned to the sea. Within about 50 million yearsno time at all, geologically speakingone of the four kinds of mammals that have returned to a marine environment has developed into the largest of all animal forma, the whale. (4) A second kind, the seal, has produced what is probably the greatest population of large carnivorous mammals on Earth. 答案：（1）美国黑熊虽然被叫做黑熊但却有各种各样的颜色。在它们生活区域的东部，大部分黑熊长有富有光泽的黑毛，但在西部，它们则长着棕色、红色甚至是黄色的毛。（2）黑熊是所有美洲熊中最小的，56英尺高，300500磅重。（3）既然海洋中有如此丰富的食物，一些原本在陆地生存的高效率的、适应性强的暖血型动物返回海洋生存是不难理解的。 （4）而另一种哺乳动物海豹，它的数量恐怕是地球上大型食肉哺乳动物中最大的。第十三单元Translate the following underlined sentences into Chinese. Passage 1 (1) Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us. It isnt the burdens of today that drive men mad. It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today. So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. (2) Instead, climb more mountains, eat more ice cream, go barefoot more often, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more, cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. The station will come soon enough. Passage 2. (3) To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily wo