21世纪大学实用英语第一册 期末考试试卷（8）.doc

试卷编号：200 200 学年第 学期21世纪大学实用英语第一册期末考试试题（8）课程： 考试班级： 注意事项：1、 本试题全部为笔答题，共 11页，满分100分，考试时间 120分钟。2、 答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚，密封线内禁止答题。3、 用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在答题纸上。题 号一二三四五总 分分 数Part I Vocabulary and Structure （20%）Section A（10%）Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.1. My uncle said he (stay) _ here for another two weeks.2. All the windows of the dining-hall (must, paint) _ white by this Friday.3. Now that youre 16 years old, you should have more sense of (responsible) _.4. The students made a list of their (complain) _ about school meals.5. Try to (judgment) _ the distance from here to that car.6. Ill consider (see) _ the manager at the office this afternoon, but Im not sure if I have the time.7. If no one has any (object) _, Ill declare the meeting closed.8. Georges father was angry when he knew the young tree (cut) _ down.9. The opening of a new school is always a great (occasional) _.10. You cant take away these magazines (belong) _ to our school library.Section B（10%）Directions： In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 11. The family gathered together to _ the holiday meals.A) divide B) share C) receive D) smell12. Jenny _ to pass her driving test on the fifth attempt.A) managed B) controlled C) handled D) regulated13. I had to work hard to _ the other students.A) keep away from B) keep up with C) keep back D) keep out14. Helen asked me _ the film called “ Star War”.A) have I seen B) had I seen C) whether I have seen D) if I had seen15. This was the place _.A) about that I was telling you B) where I was telling youC) about which I was telling you D) that I was telling you16. Why were you so late for work today? _ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic accident.A) Drive B) Drove C) Driving D) That driving17. When the teacher _ the classroom, all the students stood up.A) came B) appeared C) arrived D) entered18. He doesnt _ to take a holiday this summer.A) suggest B) acquire C) plan D) pursue19. The reason _ we should learn a foreign language is very clear.A) when B) why C) which D) where20. My new glasses cost me _ the last pair that I bought.A) three times B) three times larger than C) three times as much as D) as much three times asPart II Reading Comprehension （40%）Directions:This part is to test your reading ability. After reading the following passages, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWatch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry（几何学） being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three dimensional（维数，度数）, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now an ominous development takes places. The nerve fibers in the brain insulate themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the meaningless words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature, having done very well to the child to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the early peaceful days, no matter what rises and falls it may suffer later on. The main reservoir of mathematical talent in any society is thus possessed by children who are about two years old, children who have just learned to speak fluently.21.What does the passage mainly discuss?A The influence of language on mathematics.B Childrens ability to learn languages.C How basic concepts of physics are learned.D Math-learning strategies for babies.22.According to the passage, which of the following activities would teach a baby about geometry?A Picking up a wooden block.B Recognizing the numbers.C Uttering a nonsense word.D Looking at distant objects. 23.According to the author, at what age does a child probably begin to learn about sets and numbers?A Six months.B Nine months.C Fifteen months.D Eighteen moths.24.The use of the word “ominous” shows that the author believes that childsA speaking ability will be threatened.B nerves will become worse.C hearing will suffer.D mathematical ability will become worse.25.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?A The language concepts used in early education interfere with mathematical reasoning.B It is hopeless to try to teach children mathematics after the age of two.C Language teaching should include some mathematical formulas.D Preschool education should stress societys beliefs and conventions.Passage TwoPsychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of personality and Social psychology. If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.26. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _.A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB. the amount of monetary rewards for students creativityC. the study of relationship between actions and their consequencesD. the effects of external rewards on students performance27. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their student?A. They have no doubts about them.B. They approve of them.C. They have doubts about them.D. They avoid talking about them.28. Which of the following can best raise students creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B. Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.D. Giving them rewards they anticipate.29. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _ .A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students.B. Punishment is more effective than rewarding.C. Failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsD. Discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency30. The phrase token economies (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to _.A. ways to develop economyB. approaches to solving problemsC. systems of rewarding students D. methods of improving performancePassage ThreeExercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry（小甜饼）. Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Still, exercises supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight. If you have been sedentary（极少活动的）and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a years time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.31.What is said about the average American in the passage?A They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light” beer.B They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.C They prefer “light” beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.D They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.32.Some people dislike exercise because they _.A think it is physically exhaustingB find it hard to exercise while on a dietC dont think it possible to walk 3 miles every dayD find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome33. “Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They _”.A agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exerciseB partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reductionC are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain ones new weightD are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight34. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Centers study?A Controlling ones calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.B Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.C Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.D One could lose ten pounds in a years time if theres no increase in food intake.35. What is the authors purpose in writing this article? To _.A justify the study of the Boston University Medical CenterB stress the importance of maintaining proper weightC support the statement made by York OnnenD show the most effective way to lost weightPassage FourEta CarinaeAs possibly the galaxys (银河) most massive star, Eta Carinae is now engaging in some very unusual behavior. Australian astronomers, being in the Southern Hemisphere (半球), are able to observe it clearly.In the 19th century, Eta Carinae was for a time the third brightest star in the sky. It has now become less bright so that binoculars (双筒望远镜 )are needed to see it. “It seems to be brightening and becoming less bright over a period of many years”, said Dr Bob Duncan from the Australia Telescope National Facility.While it is not unusual for stars to vary in brightness, the period is usually much shorter. “Since 1992 it has become four times brighter, and then last year it began to drop dramatically,” he said.The problem in observing Eta Carinae is that it has been surrounded by a cloud of gas and dust, making it hard to see the star directly. However, radio waves and infrared light (红外线)can pass through this cloud, so telescopes that receive these wavelengths can observe what is occurring.Eta Carinae is of particular interest to astronomers because it seems to be in its death throes（剧痛）. Being so large it will end up as a supernova (超新星). There has not been a supernova in our galaxy since the invention of the telescope. While a 1987 explosion in a nearby galaxy gave astronomers plenty of valuable data, they are hungry for an even closer look.Eta Carinae has other unique features, and is the only star known to produce an ultraviolet(紫外线)laser that is brighter than that produced by the Sun. Lasers have been observed in other frequencies from a few stars.36. Eta Carinae is now engaging inA. some very common behaviorB. some very dull behaviorC. some very frightening behavior.D. some very strange behavior37. The word “period” in Paragraph 3 means the length of timeA. over which star vary in brightnessB. for which Eta carinaes brightening lasts.C. Eta carinae takes to become a supernova.D. it takes the laser from Eta carinae to travel to the earth.38. Eta Carinae is hard to observe becauseA. it is too far away.B. there is too much dust and gas around it.C. the binoculars are not powerful enough.D. it does not send out infrared light.39. Astronomers are particularly interested in Eta Carinae becauseA. it is in its final stage.B. it is a supernova.C. it exploded in 1987.D. it is brighter than the sun.40. Which of the following statements about Eta Carinae is NOT true?A. It will end up as a supernova.B. It can be seen only through binoculars.C. It is the only star that sends out an ultraviolet laser.D. Its ultraviolet laser is brighter than that of the Sun.Part III Cloze（10%）Directions：In this section, you are required to complete each of the blanks by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Not all people got their names (41) their fathers. Some got their names from the places they (42). For example, a family that lived in a village (43) many green trees and plants was called Green or Greenberg. If they lived in a town called Moor, they were (44) the Moores. Sometimes people got their names from (45) they looked. A tall person was, perhaps, called Long. If people lived in a family had (46) hair, the family was sometimes called the Blacks or the Browns. If their hair was (47), the may have been called the Whites. People often took their names from the kind of (48) they did. A person who served clothing was named Taylor. (49) person who baked bread was called Baker. A person who had a very good (50) was named singer. After a while these names stayed