（新课标大纲解读）高考英语 重点 难点 核心考点全演练 专题08 情态动词与虚拟语气.doc

专题08 情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。考点依次是：推测(可能性)请求/允许必要性特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。而虚拟语气的试题偏少，有些省份已将虚拟语气列为不考的项目。1(2013北京，35)you neednt take an umbrella.it isnt going to rain.well, i dont know.it_do.amight bneed cwould dshould2(2013辽宁，31)harry is feeling uncomfortable.he_too much at the party last night.acould drink bshould drinkcwould have drunk dmust have drunk3(2013四川，5)why are your eyes so red？you_have slept well last night.yeah，i stayed up late writing a report.acant bmustnt cneednt dwont4(2013天津，9)no one_ be more generous；he has a heart of gold.acould bmust cdare dneed5(2013新课标，29)the door_open，no matter how hard she pushed.ashouldnt bcouldnt cwouldnt dmightnt6(2013北京，34)if we_a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.ahave booked bbookedcbook dhad booked7(2013福建，30)do you think george has passed the driving test?no.if so，he _ his car to our college yesterday.awould drive bdrovecwould have driven dhad driven8(2013陕西，12)my mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.ashould bmight ccould dwould9(2013浙江，8)eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.awas bbe cwere dis答案b10(2013安徽，28)i_to my cousins birthday party last night, but i was not available.awent bhad gonecwould go dwould have gone考点1、情态动词的基本语法-表能力【例1】 im going to europe on vacation together with john if i _ find the money.acan bmight cwould dneed【例2】 the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out.ahad to bwould cwas able to dcould【特别提醒】表示“能力”的情态动词有：can, could, be able to(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在时can和过去式could, 而be able to有多种时态形式。mary can play the piano.she has been able to play it since she was five.玛丽会弹钢琴，她5岁起就会弹了。(2)表示过去能力时，was/were able to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于manage to do或succeed in doing，而could没有这个含义。yesterday i was able to get home before the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。考点2、情态动词的基本语法-表必要、义务、责任【例3】 i _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.acouldnt bmustnt cshouldnt dneednt【例4】 i dont care what people think.well, you_.acould bwould cshould dmight【特别提醒】表示“必要性”的情态动词通常有：must, should, ought to, have to(1)ought to与should意思大体相同，但ought to语气比should重，往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。you are his father and ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当照顾他。(有责任，从道义上应该)young people should show respect to the old.年轻人应该尊重老年人。(2)have to表示“必须，不得不”，这个意义与must很接近，但must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。i told her that she must give up smoking.我叫她必须戒烟。i have to hand in my term paper before 5：00 pm.today.我必须今天下午5点前交学期论文。考点3、情态动词的基本语法-表请求、允许、命令、禁止【例5】 the new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol.awouldnt bneednt cwont dmustnt【例6】 one of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.amight bcould cshall dwill【例7】 will you read me a story，mummy?ok.you _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.amight bmust ccould dshall【特别提醒】情态动词“偏义”大本营(1)表示过去经过努力而成功地做了某件具体的事情时，只能用was/were able to，不用could。(2)must有一种含义，即“偏要”。(3)shall可以用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的允诺、命令、警告、威胁等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。(4)will可以表示意愿。will还可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。(5)should表示惊异、意外等情绪，经常用于疑问句和肯定句中，多译为“竟然，居然”。考点4、情态动词的基本语法-表肯定推测【例8】 good morning.ive got an appointment with miss smith in the personnel department.ah，good morning.you _ be mrs.peters.amight bmust cwould dcan【例9】 what do you mean，there are only ten tickets?there _ be twelve.ashould bwould cwill dshall【例10】 some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _ just be quiet people.amust bmay cshould dwould【特别提醒】1must用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“准是，一定”。2should用于肯定句中，语气次之，意为“很可能，应该”，指按常理推测。3can用在肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性。如：smoking can cause cancer.吸烟有可能引起癌症。4may用在肯定句中，表示对现在把握不大的推测，意为“也许，可能”。5could，might也可表示推测意义，常用在过去时态中；但在某些场合下，为了使语气更缓和、更委婉，常用could，might代替can，may。如：they saw something in the sky last night.it could/might be a ufo.昨天晚上他们看见天空中有个东西。它有可能是不明飞行物。考点5、情态动词的基本语法-表推测的用法否定与疑问推测【例11】 i dont really like james.why did you invite him?dont worry.he _ come.he said he wasnt certain what his plans were.amust not bneed not cwould not dmight not【例12】 hows your new babysitter?we _ ask for a better one.all our kids love her so much.ashould bmight cmustnt dcouldnt【例13】 _it be tom that stole the managers mobile phone?no.as far as i know, tom is very honest.amay bcan cmust dshould【特别提醒】1否定推测(1)表示否定的推测时，cant/couldnt语气最强，指“不可能”，带有惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。如：the story sounds reasonable，but it cant be true.这个故事听起来合情合理，但不可能是真的。(2)语气不很肯定时，常用may not或might not表否定推测，意为“可能不，也许不”。如：he may not/might not be at home.他可能不在家。2疑问句中的推测疑问句中的推测，常用can或could，意为“可能”。如：who can it be？can it be jenny?那能是谁呢？是玛丽吗？3情态动词表推测的三种时态(1)对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词动词原形”。she must arrive before 5. 5：00前她一定到。(2)对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词be”，“情态动词be doing”或“情态动词动词原形”。he must/may be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能正在听收音机。难点1、情态动词have done用法【例1】 happy birthday!thank you！its the best present i _ for.ashould have wished bmust have wishedcmay have wished dcould have wished【例2】 we _ have bought so much food now that suzie wont be with us for dinner.(2012江西)amay not bneednt ccant dmustnt【例3】 he did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.acould express bwould expressccould have expressed dmust have expressed【特别提醒】情态动词have done结构(1)must have done“一定已经做了”，表肯定推测，否定式为cant/couldnt have done；(2)can/could have done表示“本来能够做，却没有”，或“过去可能会”；(3)may/might have done不用于疑问句，表示“也许；或许已经做了”；(4)should/ought to have done意为“本该做了，但未做”，否定式shouldnt/ought not to have done意为“本不该做，但做了”。它们都暗含对其责备；(5)neednt have done表示“做了本没有必要做的事”；(6)would rather have done意为“宁愿当时做过某事”，否定式would rather not have done意为“宁愿当时没有做过某事”。它们表示后悔之意。难点2、虚拟语气在条件中的运用【例4】 sorry，i am too busy now.if i _ time，i would certainly go for an outing with you.ahave had bhad had chave dhad【例5】 maybe if i _ science，and not literature then，i would be able to give you more help.astudied bwould studychad studied dwas studying【例6】 this printer is of good quality.if it _ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.awould bshould ccould dmight难点3、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用【例7】 where are the children？the dinners going to be completely ruined.i wish they _ always late.awerent bhadnt beencwouldnt be dwouldnt have been 【例8】 jack is a great talker.its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.awill do bhas done cdo ddid【特别提醒】虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用(1)用于宾语从句中wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时)过去完成时(宾语从句动作先于wish)could/would/might动词原形，即过去将来时(宾语从句动作后于wish)表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。如：he suggested that we should start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。(2)用于主语从句中it is desired/suggested/necessary/important/strange/naturalthat从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略。(3)用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可省略。my idea is that we (should)think it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前要反复考虑。难点4、虚拟语气在其他句式中的用法【例9】 grace doesnt want to move to new york because she thinks if she _ there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.alives bwould live chas lived dwere to live 【例10】 dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.ais bwere chas been dhad been【例11】 we lost our way in that small village，otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.avisited bhad visitedcwould visit dwould have visited【特别提醒】虚拟用在名从中，should do结构要记清；一个坚持两命令，三个建议四要求；it做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行；wish之后有宾从，虚拟时态退一层；its high time that sb did sth. 此种形式要记清。1he _ fatter but he eats too little.awould become bwould have becomecmust become dmust have become 2he _ if he works hard for the people.ashall praise bshall be praisedcwill praise dwill be praised3there was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.you _ come，but why didnt you?amust