强调句用法.doc

强调句用法强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。 1. 被强调的成分举例：原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：直接把is或was提到it之前即可。例如：Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。例如：Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?4. that (who) 有时可以省略：这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。例如：It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.5. 强调原因状语从句要注意：若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为：It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.6. 强调句的否定转移：有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是“not. until.”句式的强调要特别注意。例如：He didnt realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 变为：It wasnt until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.【注意】 在强调句式中，虽然not被提前，但“not. until.”句型不要倒装。 高考中强调句型考查热点 考点一：强调句型的基本结构强调句型“It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用，不作成份，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如：It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。考点二：特殊句式中的强调句型1. 如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：“特殊疑问词 + is / was + it + that + 该句的其余部分”。如：How is it that you usually go to work? 你通常是怎样去上班的？2. 在强调“not. until”结构中由until所引导的短语（或从句）作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It + is / was + not until. + that + 该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如：His father didnt come back from work until 12oclock. = It was not until 12 oclock that his father came home form work. 直到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。考点三：强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较：It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)It was March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成份完整，则是强调句。否则不是。如第一句可还原成：I had my hair cut on March 1.考点四：偶尔考查谓语动词的强调句式英语中常用助动词do、does或did强调谓语。如：He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt find you. 他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你英语分数的表示法一、用“基数词序数词”表示 分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。 如： 1The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter厘米是分米的十分之一，或者说是米的百分之一。 2However，the number of boys will bea third or less than the girls in the class但是，班里男生的人数将比女生少三分之一或更少。 从以上例子可以看出：分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。但是，12不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。例如： 3The sum of one half，one third and one fourth of a certain number is 13.某数的12，13和14的和是13。 14和34可以说a（one）fourth和three fourths，但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。应该注意的是，分数修饰名词时，若该名词是不可数名词只能用单数；若是可数名词，用单数或复数均可。但是，若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。例如： 4Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen氧气只占空气的15。 5About two thirds of the students attendthe meeting大约23的学生都参加了会议。 带分数也是常见的英语数词表达。所谓带分数，实际上是“整数分数”，表达时分而述之，只是整数部分与分数部分要用连词 and连接。当带分数修饰名词时，该名词通常是复数，但若名词置于整数one或a之后，则用单数。“带分数名词”作主语时，谓语动词根据临近原则要用复数。例如： 6You should finish the work within one and a fourth hours你应在125小时内完成工作。 7The atom breaks up in a minute and a quarter原子在125分钟内裂变。 二、用per cent等表示 表示百分之一可以说one（a）hundredth，但更常用one percent或per cent，即用百分数表示法来表达。例如： 8Our bodies are 65percent water我们人体含65水分。 9Seventy-five percent of the earthssur- face is covered by water地球表面的75被水覆盖着。 10Eighty-five percent of the students in English department are girls英语系85的学生是女生。 三、用part表示 名词part有“分之一”的意思，分子大于1时，part用复数。表示分数的结构一般有以下三种： （1）“基数词（或a）序数词part（s）” a hundred part百分之一 （2）“基数词part（s）in基数词” five parts in one thousand千分之五 （3）“基数词part（s）per基数词” one part per million百万分之一 四、用“基数词介词基数词”表示 借助介词表示分数，介词前的数词是分子，介词后的数词是分母。例如： 11Ninety-nine people out of a hundred，if t