湖南省高考英语 能力进阶四 阅读简答课件.ppt

四 阅读简答 1 2013 湖南高考 directions readthefollowingpassage answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage let stalk thefreeadviceprojectafewweeksago itookawalkaroundwashingtonsquarepark imetalltheusualpeople streetperformers thepigeonguy agroupofguitaristssinginginharmony butofftotheside sittingonabenchwasawomandoingsomethingvastlydifferent givingfreeadvice aweekortwolater isetupaninterviewwithherandwediscussedherprojectatlength lisapodell 32 startedthefreeadviceprojectthispastmay itbeganasanexperiment shesatinwashingtonsquareparkforadaywithasignthatread freeadvice asasimplewaytoreachouttopeople podellwasastonishedatthestrongresponse podelladmitsthatshewasdoubtfulatfirst butnowshedescribestheprojectasmutually 相互地 beneficial peoplelearnfromher butshealsolearnsfromthem shesaysthatthemajorityofthosewhocometoheraredealingwithsomeprettyheavyissues andtheyexpecthernotonlytolisten butalsotoproviderealanswers havingworkedasafulltimeteacherandnowasanadolescentadvisor podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision makingprocess sometimes peoplewalkaroundallday keepingtheirproblemsintheirownheadandthinkingabouttheminthesameway podellsimplytriestoprovidepeoplewithperspective iaskedifthereisafutureplanforthefreeadviceproject podellsaidshewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinnewyork whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity itwastrulyinspiringtomeetsomeonewithsuchabigheart especiallyinnewyork whereitissometimesveryhardtofindanybodytolisten 1 inwhatwaywaspodelldifferentfromotherpeopleinthepark nomorethan6words 2 whatdopeopleinneedexpectpodelltodo nomorethan10words 3 accordingtopodell whatshouldpeopledowhenmakingdecisions nomorethan6words 4 howwouldpodellpromoteherprojectinnewyork nomorethan15words 文章大意 本文是一篇记叙文 讲述了一位女士免费为大家提供咨询的故事 1 解析 shewasgivingfreeadvice 细节理解题 根据第一段 awomandoingsomethingvastlydifferent givingfreeadvice 一句可知她的不同之处在于她为别人提供免费的建议 2 解析 theyexpecthertolistenandproviderealanswers 细节理解题 根据第四段theyexpecthernotonlytolisten butalsotoproviderealanswers可知人们不仅期望她的聆听 也希望她给出真正的答案 3 解析 theyshouldtalkthingsout 细节理解题 第五段中 podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision makingprocess 告诉我们podell认为做决定时人们应该把事情说出来 4 解析 shewouldpromoteittoeachpublicspacewiththehelpofvolunteers 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段中podellsaid wouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity 可知podell在纽约依靠志愿者来推动她的项目的发展 2 2012 湖南高考 directions readthefollowingpassage answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage awiseteacheroncetoldmethateveryteenagerneedstoexperienceanot so funfirstjobfromworkingatagrocerystoretothefastfoodindustry nowistillremembermyfirstdayatafastfoodrestaurantthreeyearsago iwantedtosaveupmoneyandbuymyowncar soiappliedeverywhereicouldthatsummer therestaurantcalledmerightawayandithoughttomyself thisisgoingtobeeasy withinfourhoursofmyfirstshift 轮班 ihadangrycustomerswhocomplainedhowslowiwas iwatchedinfearasakidspilledhismilkeverywhere andiheardthewordsthatno16 year oldboyoranyoneforthatmatterwantstohear mike there saprobleminthemen s bathroomandyoumightwantglovesforthisone irealizedrightawaythatworkingattherestaurantwasnotgoingtobeapicnic themanagerexpectedacleanenvironmentand particularly fastservicewithafriendlysmile overthreeyearslateristillworkatthatrestaurantwheneverigohomeduringvacations ilovemyco workersthereandallthecustomersknowwhoiam everymorningthesameseniorcitizenscomeinandgettheirmorningcoffees theychatwithusworkersandjokearound oursmileshavejustasmuchtodowiththemmakingusapartoftheireverydaylivesasthecoffeedoes frommyfirstjobattherestaurant ilearnedteamworkanddevotion ialsolearnedstayingpositivenomatterhowroughthingsseemtoget iwillforevercarrytheexperiencethatigainedattherestaurantwithmeasigoforwardinmylife 1 whydidtheauthorapplyeverywherethatsummer nomorethan12words 2 whatdidthemanagerparticularlyexpecttheworkerstodo nomorethan14words 3 whydoestheauthorstillworkattherestaurantduringvacations nomorethan13words 4 whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisfirstjob nomorethan11words 文章大意 本文主要介绍了自己在一家快餐店的工作经历 1 解析 hewantedtosaveupmoneyandbuyhisowncar 细节理解题 由第二段中的第二句话iwantedtosaveupmoneyandbuymyowncar soiappliedeverywhereicouldthatsummer 可知答案 2 解析 themanagerparticularlyexpectedthemtoofferfastservicewithafriendlysmile 细节理解题 由第二段最后一句themanagerexpectedacleanenvironmentand particularly fastservicewithafriendlysmile 可知答案 3 解析 heloveshisco workersandallthecustomersknowwhoheis 细节理解题 由第三段第二句话ilovemyco workersthereandallthecustomersknowwhoiam 可知答案 4 解析 helearnedteamwork devotionandstayingpositiveinroughsituations 细节理解题 由最后一段中 ilearnedteamworkanddevotion ialsolearnedstayingpositivenomatterhowroughthingsseemtoget 可知答案 3 2011 湖南高考 directions readthefollowingpassage answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage myfirstlongruntwoweeksago ihadaquarrelwithmyhusband afterhehaddrivenoffinanger irealizedthatiwasn tgoingtofeelanybetterjustsittingthere feelingabandonedandguilty iputonmygymshoestogetsomefreshair ourdrivewayhasaslope 斜坡 thatiseasierjusttojogdownifyouarelazy takingadvantageofgravity insteadofstoppingattheendoftheslope idecidedtoseeificouldjustjogtotheendofthestreet ihadtriedafewmonthsagoandfailedmiserably sincethatfirstattemptihadbeenjoggingregularlyandwassignificantlyfitter butstillverylazy howeverthistimearoundimanagedtoreachthestopsignwitheaseandifigurediwouldgoalittlefurther afteraboutonekilometer however inoticedthatmyupperbodywastense tomakethemovementeasierihadtorelaxmybody andtriedtotakedeepbreathsoffreshair ikeptgivingmyselftheexcusetostop noonewouldbedisappointed noonewouldevenknow butididn tstop iwantedtokeepgoingharder better faster stronger tomygreatsurprise iran4 9kmin31minutes whenigotback ihadtearsinmyeyes ididsomethingithoughticouldneverdo itwasthefirstlongrunofmylife sincethen ihaveimprovedmystride 步幅 andtime aftereveryrunifeelfitter happierandmotivatedtokeepprogressing ilovetherunner shigh inormallyjogbecauseiwanttolookgood iwanttorunbecauseitmakesmefeelgood 1 whydidtheauthorfeelguilty nomorethan9words 2 whatdidtheauthorfailtodomiserablyafewmonthsago nomorethan11words 3 whatexcusesdidtheauthorkeepgivingherselftostop nomorethan9words 4 howisrunningdifferentfromjoggingtotheauthor nomorethan14words 文章大意 本文属于记叙文 文章记述了 我 的第一次长跑 1 解析 shehadaquarrelwithherhusband 细节理解题 由第一段 ihadaquarrelwithmyhusband 可知 2 解析 shefailedtojogtotheendofthestreet 细节理解题 由第二段第二 三句 idecidedtoseeificouldjustjogtotheendofthestreet ihadtriedafewmonthsagoandfailedmiserably 可知 3 解析 noonewouldbedisappointedorevenknow 细节理解题 由第四段第二 三句noonewouldbedisappointed noonewouldevenknow 可知 4 解析 runningmakesherfeelgoodwhilejoggingmakesherlookgood 推理判断题 由最后一段最后两句inormallyjogbecauseiwanttolookgood iwanttorunbecauseitmakesmefeelgood 可知 热点考向1细节理解题1 考查方式 这类题所占比重最大 以how what why提问的问题为主 2 解题技巧 在文章中找到答案出处 处理 转换信息 从而归纳出问题的答案 细节理解题回答方式 典例 2013 永州模拟 butthenfarmsbegantousenewventilation 通风 systems insteadofwindows thenewsystemsusedtunnelfanstocirculateair thefansdirectedairflowfromthepoultryhousestowardthehomesofneighbors 81 howdoesthenewventilationsystemwork nomorethan7words 解析 本题信息句 insteadofwindows thenewsystemsusedtunnelfanstocirculateair 信息句较长 需要提炼主要信息 舍弃次要信息 精简语句 故答案为 byusingtunnelfanstocirculateair 或itusestunnelfanstocirculateair 点拨 在回答细节理解题时 一定要注意提问方式和答案的协调性 不同类型的问题要求不同形式的回答 1 2013 岳阳模拟 ourresearchshowsthatthehormonesofpregnancy 怀孕 areprotectingthebrain includingestrogen 雌激素 whichweknowhasmanyneuroprotective 保护神经的 effects kinsleysaid whatcanprotectthebrainofawomanaccordingtothepassage nomorethan4words 答案 thehormonesofpregnancy 2peopleborninthewinteraremorelikelytosuffermentalhealthdisorders accordingtoarecentstudycarriedoutbyresearchersatvanderbiltuniversityintennessee researchersraisedbabymicefrombirthtoweaning 断奶 ineither summer lightcyclesof16hoursoflightandeighthoursofdarkor winter cyclesofeighthoursoflightand16hoursofdark athirdgroupexperienced12hoursoflightand12hoursofdarkaday whatdidtheresearcherssortthemiceintothreegroupsaccordingtoinpara 2 nomorethan4words 答案 hoursoflight 热点考向2推理判断题1 考查方式 why whatcanbeinferred concludedfrom whatistheauthor sattitudetoward whatdoestheauthorusetheexamplesof toshow 2 解题技巧 推理判断题要求考生在理解整体语篇的基础上 掌握文章的真正内涵 进行合理的推断 要吃透文章的字面意思 从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索 这是推理的前提和基础 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工 通过分析 综合 判断等 进行深层处理 符合逻辑地推理 要忠实于原文 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行推断 典例 2013 湘西模拟 thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion inthe1920sineuropeandamerica shortskirtsbecamefashionable afterworldwar theydroppedtoanklelength thentheygotshorterandshorterandtheminiskirtwasinfashion afterafewmoreyears skirtsbecamelongeragain 83 whatdoesthewritertrytoexplainbytalkingaboutshortskirts nomorethan8words 解析 本题信息句inthe1920sineuropeandamerica shortskirtsbecamefashionable 是一个具体的例子 说明前一句话 故答案为 thereisacyclicalpatterninfashion 点拨 找到文字的表面已知的信息 深层处理 符合逻辑地推理 一定要忠实于原文 1 2013 岳阳模拟 it sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals headdedinatelephoneinterview theygothroughpregnancyandhormonalchanges it sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals whatdoesthesentencesuggest nomorethan13words 答案 theresultsofexperimentsontherataremuchthesameonhumans 2somepeoplethinkthedancemaybefrompre christmastimes andotherssayitwasintroducedintobritaininthelate15thcenturyandthatitcomesfrommoorishdancing inanycase itisinterestingtoseethatmorrisdancingisnotadyingtradition therearemorrisdancinggroupsinplacesasfarawayasnewzealandandsanfrancisco whatideadoestheunderlinedsentencetrytosupport nomorethan11words 答案 toprovethatmorrisdancingisn tadyingtradition 热点考向3主旨大意题1 考查方式 whatisthemainideaofthepassage text whatisthepassage textmainlyabout whatisthebesttitleforthispassage text 2 解题技巧 解题步骤 找主题句 改写主题句 确定最佳答案 回答这类题的关键是要抓住文章的主旨句 而文章的主旨句大多出现在三个位置 文章首句 一段末二段首转折后信息 文章末句 注意不可照抄原句 而需重新归纳组织 概括 有的只需稍作归纳或略作改写即可 主旨句为判断句式 具有高度概括性 一般为简单句式或词组式 名词词组或动词词组 典例 2013 永州模拟 第一段 plantingtreesaroundpoultryfarms 禽类农场 canimproveairandwaterquality andrelationswithneighbors researchhasshownthatjustthreerowsoftreesnearpoultryhousescanreducethereleaseofdustandammonia 氨 theycanalsoreducethestrongodor 气味 ofammoniagas whatisthebesttitleofthepassage nomorethan10words 解析 主旨句在文章首句 把首句plantingtreesaroundpoultryfarmscanimproveairandwaterquality andrelationswithneighbors 重新归纳 概括可得知此处是禽类农场周围种树的好处 故答案为 thebenefitsofplantingtreesaroundpoultryfarms 点拨 主旨大意题 三原则 概括性原则 最大程度上覆盖全文 针对性原则 直指主要内容 外延适度 醒目性原则 短小精练 多为名词性短语 1第一段 motherhoodmaymakewomensmarterandmayhelppreventdementia 痴呆 inoldagebybathingthebraininprotectivehormones 荷尔蒙 usresearchersreportedonthursday testsonratsshowthatthosewhoraisetwoormorelittersofpupsdoconsiderablybetterintestsofmemoryandskillsthanratswhohavenobabies andtheirbrainsshowchangesthatsuggesttheymaybeprotectedagainstdiseasessuchasalzheimer s 早老性痴呆病 universityofrichmondpsychologyprofessorcraigkinsleybelieveshisfindingswilltranslateintohumans whatisthemainideaofthispassage nomorethan10words 答案 motherhoodmaymakewomensmarterandpreventold ageddementia 2第一段 therearemanycustomsandtraditionsconnectedtoyearlycelebrationswhicharepartofbritain sfolklore 民俗 lughnasadhisacelebrationatthebeginningofaugust acustomconnectedwithitistomakecorndollswithcornfromthelastoftheharvest thedollissaveduntilthefollowingspringwhenitisputbackintotheearthwithnewseeds what sthemainideaofthepassage nomorethan9words 答案 manycustomsandtraditionsareconnectedtoyearlycelebrations directions readthefollowingpassage answerthequestionsaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage 1atropicalfishthatlivesinmangroveswamps 红树沼泽 acrosstheamericacansurviveoutofwaterformonthsatatime similartohowanimalsadaptedtolandmillionsofyearsago anewstudyshows themangroverivulus atypeofsmalltropicalkillifish seeksshelterinshallowpoolsofwaterincrabcaves nutshellsorevenoldbeercansinthetropicalmangroveswampsofbelize theunitedstatesandbrazil whentheirlivingplacedriesup theygrouptogetheronthelandinhollowedlogsandbreatheairthroughtheirskininsteadoftheirgills 腮 untiltheycanfindwateragain thefish whosescientificnameisrivulusmarmoratus cangrowaslargeasthreeinches thescientificbreakthroughcameafteratriptobelize wekickedoveralogandthefishjustcamedroppingout taylorsaid hesaidhewouldpublishhisstudyonthefishintheamericannaturalistjournalearlynextyear inlabtests taylorsaidhefoundthefishcouldsurviveforupto66daysoutofwaterwithouteating andthattheirmetabolism 新陈代谢 keepsfunctioning someotherfishcansurvivebrieflyoutofwater thewalkingcatfishfoundinsoutheastasiacanmoveaboutoverlandforhoursatatime whilelungfishfoundinaustralia africaandsouthamericacansurviveoutofwater butonlyinasleepingstate nootherknownfishcanbeoutofwateraslongasthemangroverivulusandremainactive accordingtopatriciawright abiologistatcanada suniversityofguelph theseanimalsliveinanenvironmentthatissimilartoconditionsthatexistedmillionsofyearsago whenanimalsbeganmakingtheevolution 进化 fromwaterontoland shesaid 文章大意 这是一篇记叙文 讲述了美国一种能脱离水域而生存好几个月的鱼 1 whendoesthescientificbreakthroughaboutrivuluscomeout nomorethan6words 2 listtwopartsofthemangroverivulusthatcanbreathe nomorethan4words 3 howarethemangroverivulusdifferentfromwalkingcatfish nomorethan12words 4 whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout nomorethan10words 答案 1 afteratriptobelize 2 skinandgills 3 theycansurviveoutofwaterformonthsatatime 4 mangroverivuluscanliveformonthsoutofwater 2 2013 长沙模拟 irememberaday17yearsagoquitewell thatday ourtwinsons chadandbrad loadedtheircarandlefthometogotocollege irealizedthatourdinnertablewouldsoonbecomea tablefortwo sure theboyswouldcomehomeontheweekend butevenso iknewourfamilylifewouldneverbeexactlythesameagain beforeleaving theboyswalkedaroundeachroomofthehousetomakesuretheyhadn tforgottenanythingtheyneeded weallwalkedoutside chadandbradgavemebighugsandquicklygotintotheircar iwavedastheydroveaway whenicouldn tseetheircaranylonger ibegantosob myhusbandroytriedtocomfortme buticouldseegriefinhiseyes aswell therearemanyparentswhowouldexperiencethisperiod bitter sweetfeelingwillbepresent whiletheparentsfeelprideandjoyfortheirchildren theywillalsofeelasenseofgrief painfulmomentsfilltheirminds whileicannotadequatelyexplainthefeelings icanstillrememberhowifeltwhenwebeganthatnewchapterinourlives astimewenton royandiarenowaccustomedtoourtablefortwoandweenjoyourlivestogether asanaddedbonus dinnerfortwo ismuchmoreaffordablethandinneroutforanentirefamily ihavetoadmitistillmissourchildrenandtheoldtimeswehadtogether butihavetosayienjoythetimeispendwithmyhusbandmorethaneverbefore royandihavealwaysenjoyedeachother scompany butafterthechildrenwenttocollege wefoundagreatamountofstrengthineachother somethingshavechangedovertheyears ourloveforoneanotherhasgrownstrongerwitheachpassingday together royandiarenowdoingthingsweneverdreamedpossible ourchildrenoftentimestalkabouthowwearebusierandhappierthanwehaveeverbeenbefore coulditbecausewefelldeeperinloveaswespentqualitytimetogetheratourtablefortwo 1 whenwasthewriter sfamilylifechangedaccordingtothepassage nomorethan7words 2 whydidthetwoboyswalkaroundeachroombeforeleavinghome nomorethan10words 3 accordingtothepassage howdotheparentsfeelabouttheirchildren sleavinghometogotocollege nomorethan16words 4 accordingtothepassage whyaretheauthorandherhusbandbusierandhappierthantheyhaveeverbefore nomorethan16words 答案 1 aftertheirsons leavinghomeforcollege 2 tomakesuretheyhadn tforgottenanythingtheyneeded 3 theyfeelprideandjoyforthechildrenandtheyalsohaveasenseofgrief theyfeelbitter sweet 4 theyfalldeeperinloveastheyspendqualitytimetogetherattheirtablefortwo theyenjoyeachother scompanyanddothingstheyhaveneverdreamedpossible 3 2013 怀化模拟 moneyandjewelsarenotthequitevaluablethingsputinbanksthesedays somemothersstoretheirbreastmilkinbanks there retenbreastbanksacrosstheus wheremotherscandonatetheirextramilktootherwomen sbabies expertssaybreastmilkisthebestfoodforbabies theworldhealthorganizationsaysitistheonlyfoodbabiesshouldgetduringthefirst6months breastmilkisespeciallyimportantforthepremature 早产的 babies jamescameron afamousdoctor saysbreastmilkisalmostlikemedicine thefactisthattherearesomanydifferentproteinsandspecializedsugarsinitthatthemomisabletomakethathelpprovideimmunity 免疫力 it sveryimportantforthehealthofthenewborn lucybaurlivesnearfortwayne shehadmoremilkthanherchildrenneeded shewantedtodonatetotheindianamothers milkbank butfreezingandshippingmilkcanbecostly then adonorstationopenednearherhome milkdonationsintheusworklikethis donorsmustbewillingtoprovidealmostthreelitersofbreastmilk theyfreezethemilkandtakeittothestation there employeeswarmthemilkandmixitwithothermothers milk then themilkisheatedtokillbacteria afterthat thetechnicianstestthemilktomakesureitissafeandhealthful themilkisre frozenandsenttothemainmilkbank themilkbanktransportsthemilktohospitalstofeedprematureorsickbabies donorsaretestedfordiseasesbeforeanymilkisaccepted theyarenotpermittedtosmoketobacco useillegaldrugsordrinktoomuchalcohol 1 what sthepurposeofsettingupbreastmilkbanks nomorethan11words 2 whyisthebreastmilkimportantfornewborns nomorethan12words 3 whatdonorscannotprovidetheirbreastmilk nomorethan14words 4 what sthemainideaofthelastparagraph nomorethan9words 答案 1 tohelpmothersdonatemilktootherbabies or thatmotherscandonatetheirextramilktootherbabies 2 becauseitcontainsrichnutrientsthattheyneed or becauseproteinsandspecializedsugarsinitcanhelpprovideimmunity or becauseitcontainsproteinsandspecializedsugarstohelpprovideimmunity 3 thosewhosmoketobacco useillegaldrugsordrinktoomuchalcohol 4 howthemilkdonationworksintheus or theprocessofmilkdonationsintheus 4almostathirdofchildrenregularlygowithoutbreakfastbeforeschoolandaremorelikelythanclassmatestobeinactive unfitandobese researchshows while68 ofpupilseatbeforeleavinghome 32 don t ofthelatter 25 onlysometimeshaveamorningmealand7 neverhavebreakfastonschooldays accordingtofindingswhichhaveraisedfreshconcernaboutchildren seatinghabitsandgeneralhealth thestudyof4 326children aged10 16 inenglandwasreportedthat26 6 ofboysand38 6 ofgirlsskippedbreakfastsomeorallofthetime boysoftenblamelackoftime whilemanygirlsmissedbreakfastbecausetheybelievedoingsowouldhelpthemloseweight wefoundthatchildrenwhoskipbreakfasteitheroccasionallyorregularlyarelessfit lessactiveandmorelikelytobeoverweightorobesethanthosewhoalwayseatbreakfast saidleadauthordrgavinsandercock al