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二 阅读理解 a 2013 湖南高考 记叙文 inmylivingroom thereisaplaque 匾 thatadvisesmeto bloom 开花 whereyouareplanted itremindsmeofdorothy igottoknowdorothyintheearly1980s wheniwasteachingearlychildhooddevelopmentthroughaprogramwithunioncollegeinbarbourville kentucky thejobresponsibilitiesrequiredoccasionalvisitstotheclassroomofeachteacherintheprogram dorothystandsoutinmymemoryasonewho bloomed inherremotearea dorothytaughtinaschoolinharlancounty kentucky appalachianmountainarea togettoherschoolfromthetownofharlan ifollowedaroadwindingaroundthemountain intheeight milejourney icrossedthesamerailroadtrackfivetimes givingthepossibilityofgettingcaughtbythesametrainfivetimes ratherthanfeelingexcitedbythisdrivethroughthemountains ifounditdepressing thepovertylevelwasshockingandthesmallshabbyhousesgavemethegreatestfeelingofhopelessness fromthemomentofmyarrivalatthelittleschool allgloom 忧郁 disappeared uponarrivingatdorothy sclassroom iwasgreetedwithsmilingfacesandtreatedlikeaqueen thechildrenhadbeenpreparedtoshowmetheirlatestprojects dorothytoldmewithabigsmilethattheywereservingpokegreenssaladandcornbreadfor dinner lunch incaseyoudon tknow pokegreensareaweed typeplantthatgrowswild especiallyonpoorground dorothyneverranoutofreportsofexcitingactivitiesofherstudents herenthusiasmnevercooleddown whenitcametimetositforthetestingandinterviewingrequiredtoreceiveherchilddevelopmentassociatecertification dorothywasready shecametotheassessmentandpassedinallareas afterward sheinvitedmetotheone and onlysteakhouseintheareatocelebratehervictory asifshehadreceivedherph d degree afterthemeal sheplacedalittleboxcontaininganoldpeninmyhand shesaiditwasafamilyheirloom 传家宝 buttomeitisatreasuredsymbolofappreciationandpridethatcannotbematchedwiththings 文章大意 本文主要通过作者在贫困地区教学的所见所闻 讲述了dorothy经过自己的努力获得了成功的故事 1 earlychildhooddevelopment inparagraph1refersto a aprogramdirectedbydorothyb acoursegivenbytheauthorc anactivityheldbythestudentsd anorganizationsponsoredbyunioncollege 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据第一段中 wheniwasteachingearlychildhooddevelopmentthroughaprogramwithunioncollegeinbarbourville kentucky 一句可知当时作者在教授earlychildhooddevelopment 故b项正确 acoursegivenbytheauthor作者教授的一门课程 2 inthejourney theauthorwasmostdisappointedatseeing a thelongtrackb thepoorhousesc thesametraind thewindingroad 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据第二段中thepovertylevelwasshockingandthesmallshabbyhousesgavemethegreatestfeelingofhopelessness 一句可知当看到这里的贫困程度和破烂的小房子的时候我感到绝望 3 uponarrivingattheclassroom theauthorwascheeredupby a awarmwelcomeb thesightofpokegreensc dorothy slatestprojectsd abigdinnermadeforher 解析 选a 细节理解题 作者一到达教室 所有的忧郁瞬间消失 主要是因为作者被孩子们的热情欢迎所鼓舞 4 whatcanweknowaboutdorothyfromthelastparagraph a shewasinvitedtoacelebrationatarestaurant b shegotapenasagiftfromtheauthor c shepassedtherequiredassessment d shereceivedherph d degree 解析 选c 推理判断题 根据最后一段中shecametotheassessmentandpassedinallareas 一句可知dorothy在各个方面都通过了评估 5 whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellus a whateveryoudo youmustdoitcarefully b whoeveryouare youdeserveequaltreatment c howeverpooryouare youhavetherighttoeducation d whereveryouare youcanaccomplishyourachievement 解析 选d 主旨大意题 作者通过讲述dorothy取得成功的经历 告诉我们 无论身处何地 贫困地区还是富裕地区 只要努力 你都能取得成功 b 2013 湖南高考 说明文 it ssuchahappy lookinglibrary paintedyellow decoratedwithpalm treestickersandshelteredfromthefloridasunbyitsownroof aboutthesizeofamicrowaveoven it spedestrian friendly too waitingforbookloversnexttoasidewalkinpalmbeachcountryestates alongthenorthernboundaryofpalmbeachgardens it salibrarybuiltwithlove ayearago shortlyafterjaneyhenriksensawabrianwilliamsreportaboutthelittlefreelibraryorganization awisconsin basednonprofitthataimstopromoteliteracyandbuildasenseofcommunityinaneighborhoodbymakingbooksfreelyavailable sheannouncedtoherfamilyoffour that swhatwe regoingtodoforourspringbreak sonaustin nowa10th grader didn tseethepointofbuildingalibrarythatresemblesamailbox butjaneyinsisted andhusbandpeterunwillinglygottowork the51 year oldownerofashipsupplycompanymodifiedasmallwoodenhousethathe dbuiltyearsearlierfordaughterabbie stoyhorses andmadeadoorofglass afteraddingthelibrary sfinaltouches 装点 thefamilyhungasignboardonthefront instructingusersto takeabook returnabook andmakingthehenriksenlibrary nowoneofseveralhundredlikeitnationwideandamongmorethan2 500intheworld theonlylittlefreelibraryinpalmbeachcounty theystockeditwith20orsobooksthey dalreadyread amixofsciencefiction referencetitles novelsandkids favorites itoldthem keepinmindthatyoumightnotseeitagain saidjaney astay at homemom sincethen thecollectionkeepsreplenishing 补充 itself thankstoongoingdonationsfromborrowers thelibrarynowgetsanaverageoffivevisitsaday theproject sbestpayoff sayspeter arethethank younotesleftbehind wehadnoideainthebeginningthatitwouldbesopopular 文章大意 本文主要介绍了janeyhenriksen发起建造的一所图书馆及其运营情况 1 inwhatwayisthelibrary pedestrian friendly a itownsayellowroof b itstandsnearasidewalk c itprotectsbookloversfromthesun d itusespalm treestickersasdecorations 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据第一段中 waitingforbookloversnexttoasidewalkinpalmbeachcountryestates 一句可知这个图书馆位于人行道旁 pedestrian friendly方便行人的 2 janeygottheideatobuildalibraryfrom a avisittobrianwilliamsb aspringbreakwithherfamilyc abooksentbyoneofherneighborsd areportonawisconsin basedorganization 解析 选d 细节理解题 根据第三段中ayearago shortlyafterjaneyhenriksensawabrianwilliamsreportaboutthelittlefreelibraryorganization that swhatwe regoingtodoforourspringbreak 可知janey建造这座图书馆的想法源于她看到的一篇报道 3 thelibrarywasbuilt a byashipsupplycompanyb onthebasisoftoyhorsesc likeamailboxd withglass 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第四段中sonaustin nowa10th grader didn tseethepointofbuildingalibrarythatresemblesamailbox butjaneyinsisted andhusbandpeterunwillinglygottowork 提到janey坚持要求把图书馆建成邮箱形状 她的丈夫不情愿地开始了建造工作 故选c 4 whatcanweinferaboutthesignboard a itwasmadebyauserofthelibrary b itmarkedafinaltouchtothelibrary c itaimedatmakingthelibrarylastlong d itindicatedthelibrarywasafamilyproperty 解析 选c 推理判断题 根据第五段中takeabook returnabook可知悬挂的牌子上写着 借一本书 归还一本书 可推知主要目的是让图书馆更长久 不会因图书的流失而倒闭 5 thepassagetellsusthattheusers a donatebookstothelibraryb getpaidtocollectbooksforthelibraryc receivethank younotesforusingthelibraryd visitthelibraryover5timesonaveragedaily 解析 选a 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段中 thecollectionkeepsreplenishingitself thankstoongoingdonationsfromborrowers 一句可知图书馆的书籍在不断地补充 这得益于借书者的捐赠 c 2013 北京高考 议论文 doesfamedriveyoucrazy althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue today sstars feelinglikezooanimals facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld sattention paparazzi 狗仔队 campoutsidetheirhomes camerasready tabloids 小报 publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature accordingtopsychologistchristinavillarreal celebrities famouspeople worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance eventually theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames overtime villarrealsays theyfeelseparatedandalone thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages inthe4thcenturyb c paintersfollowedalexanderthegreatintobattle hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers whencharlesdickensvisitedamericainthe19thcentury hissold outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans leadinghimtocomplain 抱怨 abouthislackofprivacy tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo beingapublicfiguretoday however isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous thereisalwaystheinternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir story aliveforever iffameissotroublesome whyaren tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice still evenstarswhoenjoyfulljusticeoftencomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready 文章大意 文章讲述了名人隐私不能得到良好保护 1 itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday a areoftenmisunderstoodbythepublicb cannolongerhavetheirprivacyprotectedc spendtoomuchontheirpublicappearanced carelittleabouthowtheyhavecomeintofame 解析 选b 推理判断题 根据文章第一段可知名人因为狗仔队的追踪 小报关于他们私生活的报道等使得他们私生活不能受到保护 故选b 2 whatisthemainideaofparagraph3 a greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired b theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory c well knownactorsareusuallytargetsoftabloids d worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders 解析 选b 段落大意题 第三段第一句话是本段的主题句 由此判断本段主要讲述名人面临的这个问题由来已久 3 whatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebritytoday a availabilityofmodernmedia b inadequatesocialrecognition c lackoffavorablechances d hugepopulationoffans 解析 选a 细节理解题 由第四段的 photographerswithmoderncameras 以及 thereisalwaystheinternettospreadthenews 可知是现代媒体使得现在的名人生活更加 艰难 4 whatistheauthor sattitudetowardmoderncelebrity a sincere b sceptical c disapproving d sympathetic 解析 选d 观点态度题 开始作者谈到狗仔队对于明星生活的影响 最后谈到明星们的种种无奈 字里行间透出自己对名人的同情 故答案选d d 2013 湖南高考 应用文 planningavisittotheuk herewehelpwithwaystocutyourcosts avoidbigeventsbigsportingevents concertsandexhibitionscanincreasethecostofaccommodationandmakeithardertofindaroom astandarddoubleroomatthethistlebrightononthefinalfridayofthebrightoncomedyfestival 19oct cost 169 15atb aweeklater thesameroomcost 118 15 ifyoucanbeflexibleandwanttoknowdatestoavoid oryou relookingforabigeventtopassyourtime checkoutsitessuchasw whichallowyoutosearchforeventsintheukbycity dateandcategory stayawayfromthestationiftravelingtoyourdestinationbytrain youmaywanttofindagoodbaseclosetothestation butyoucouldenduppayingmoreforthesakeofconvenienceatthestartofyourholiday don tbetoochoosyaboutthepartoftownyoustayin bookingtwomonthsinadvance thecheapestroomattravelodge scentraleustonhotelinlondonforsaturday22septemberwas 95 95 aroomjustatubejourneyawayatitscoventgardenhotelwas 75 75 andatfarringdon adoubleroomcostjust 62 95 lookafteryourselfreallycentralhotelsincitiessuchaslondon edinburghandcardiffcancostafortune especiallyatweekendsandduringbigevents asanalternativeconsidercheckingintoaself cateringflatwithitsownkitchen oftentheseflatsarehiddenawayonthetopfloorsofcitycentrebuildings agreatexampleisthehistorico neillflatonedinburgh sroyalmile availablefor 420forfivedaysinlateseptember withroomforfouradults getonabikelondon s borisbikes haveattractedthemostattention butothercitiesalsohavesimilarprogrammesthatletyourentabicycleandexploreatyourownpace savingyouonpublictransportorcarparkingcosts amongthesmallercitieswiththeirownprogrammesarenewcastle casualmemberspayaround 1 50fortwohours andcardiff freeforupto30minutes or 5perday 文章大意 本文主要向读者介绍了几个在英国旅行时可以节省开支的建议 1 thebrightoncomedyfestivalismentionedmainlytoshowbigeventsmay a helptravelerspasstimeb attractlotsoftravelerstotheukc allowtravelerstomakeflexibleplansd causetravelerstopaymoreforaccommodation 解析 选d 细节理解题 根据第一则信息中bigsportingevents concertsandexhibitionscanincreasethecostofaccommodationandmakeithardertofindaroom 一句可知大型活动会增加住宿的成本并导致难以找到房间 2 farringdon inparagraph5ismostprobably a ahotelawayfromthetrainstationb thetubelinetocoventgardenc anidealholidaydestinationd thenameofatravelagency 解析 选a 词义猜测题 stayawayfromthestation一则信息主要告诉读者住宿要远离车站 那样的话会更省钱 故可推知farringdon是一家远离车站的宾馆 3 thepassageshowsthattheo neillflat a liesonthegroundfloorb islocatedincentrallondonc providescookingfacilitiesfortouristsd costsover 100onaverageperdayinlateseptember 解析 选c 细节理解题 第三则信息中asanalternativeconsidercheckingintoaself cateringflatwithitsownkitchen 一句表明这种宾馆提供配有厨房的公寓 4 cardiff sprogramallowsafreebikeforamaximumperiodof a halfanhourb onehourc onehourandahalfd twohours 解析 选a 细节理解题 根据最后一段freeforupto30minutes or 5perday一句可知免费自行车服务最长时间为半个小时 5 themainpurposeofthepassageis a totellvisitorshowtobookinadvanceb tosupplyvisitorswithhotelinformationc toshowvisitorstheimportanceofself helpd tooffervisitorssomemoney savingtips 解析 选d 主旨大意题 本文主要向读者介绍了几个在英国旅行时可以节省开支的建议 热点考向1主旨大意题1 设题角度 1 选出文章最佳标题 2 概括文章或段落大意 2 设问方式 1 whatisthemainidea topicofthepassage 2 whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss 3 whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage 4 whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext 5 whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext 3 解题思路 1 寻找主题句 确定文章大意 在许多情况下 尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时 根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题 主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况 开头 中间 结尾 因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键 做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法 即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句和尾句或每段的首句或尾句 重点搜索主题信息 2 抓住段落大意 概括中心思想 寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心的基础上 各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想 不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落 而应该观察全文的结构安排 理解文章浓墨重彩的 重心 考虑文章的材料组织及支撑性细节是服务于什么的 分析故事情节围绕什么展开的 最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来 3 抓主线和关键词 归纳文章中心 要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句 有时主题句隐含在段落中 阅读这样的文章 就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析 继而概括出段落的主题 推导出文章的主旨 分析的方法是 先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容 这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系 然后加以归纳形成主题 典例 2013 新课标全国卷 ifirstreadaboutcrmin1980 notlongafterthat anattendingdoctorandiwereflyinginbadweather thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready theattendingdoctorwasflying iwassafetypilot hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear 起落架 down hewasabetterpilot andmyboss soitfeltunusualtospeakup butihadto ourliveswerein danger iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow thatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofcrm andi veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext a crm anewwaytomakeflyingsafeb flyingmakesmeabetterdoctorc themakingofagoodpilotd apilot turneddoctor 点拨 1 2013 新课标全国卷 itellyouthisbecausethereisnoshameingettingyourmoney sworth i malsotightfistedwhenitcomestoshoes clothesformychildren andexpensiverestaurants butiwouldn thesitatetospendonagoodhaircut itkeepsitsshapelonger andit sthefirstthingpeoplenotice andiwillalsospendonaclassicpieceoffurniture qualitylasts whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus a howtoexposebadtricks b howtoreserveairlineseats c howtospendmoneywisely d howtomakeabusinessdeal 解析 选c 主旨大意题 文章关键句为itellyouthisbecausethereisnoshameingettingyourmoney sworth 以及下文给孩子买鞋 衣服和给自己做发型方面的花费的对比 归纳中心 即理智消费 有些方面要敢花钱 有些方面就要节俭 故选c项 2 2012 全国卷 addisababa ethiopia oneoftheworld smostfamousfossils 化石 the3 2million year oldlucyskeleton 骨骼 unearthedinethiopiain1974 willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheunitedstates officialssaidtuesday theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto a introduceafewu s museumsb describesomeresearchworkc discussthevalueofanape mand reportacomingevent 解析 选d 主旨大意题 从第一句就可以看出 这是来自埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴的一则新闻 告诉人们在埃塞俄比亚出土的具有320万年历史的lucy化石将要从埃塞俄比亚出发踏上为期6年的美国之旅 故选d 热点考向2细节理解题1 设题角度 1 直接事实题 2 间接事实题 2 设问方式 1 whichofthefollowingistrue false mentioned 2 choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage 3 allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue falseexcept 4 what why howmany howmuch 5 whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthepassage 3 解题思路 1 浏览全文 了解信息 快速通读全文 大致了解不同信息间的差异 为解决问题做好信息储备 2 抓关键词 快速寻读 根据题目要求 从题干中抓住关键性词语 然后以此为线索 通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息 找到后仔细阅读 反复品味 认真比较选项和文中细节 在准确理解该细节的前提下 排除干扰项 从而确定答案 3 回读信息 验证答案 确定答案后 必须回读原文 再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证 4 掌握技巧 高效提能 对于细节理解题 我们要恰当地运用略读 查读等技巧 在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落 语句 仔细品味 对照比较 确定答案 从而迅速高效提升阅读能力 典例 2013 新课标全国卷 atthesametime the fringe appearedasachallengetotheofficialfestival eighttheatregroupsturnedupuninvitedin1947 inthebeliefthateveryoneshouldhavetherighttoperform andtheydidsoinapublichousedisusedforyears soon groupsofstudentsfirstlyfromedinburghuniversity andlaterfromtheuniversitiesofoxfordandcambridge durhamandbirminghamweremakingthejourneytothescottishcapitaleachsummertoperformtheatrebylittle knownwritersofplaysinsmallchurchhallstothepeopleofedinburgh whojoinedthe fringe afteritappeared a popularwriters b universitystudents c artistsfromaroundtheworld d performersofmusicanddance 点拨 1 2013 新课标全国卷 thebabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital sheisquietbutalert 警觉 twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit shestaresatitcarefully aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced asthecardschangefromonetotheother hergaze 凝视 startstoloseitsfocus untilathird withthreeblackspots ispresented hergazereturns shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld theexperimentdescribedinparagraph1isrelatedtothebaby s a senseofhearing b senseofsight c senseoftouch d senseofsmell 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据题干中的关键词 paragraph1 以及 theexperiment baby 寻找信息 shestaresatit hergazestarts 以及hergazereturns shelooksatit 可知 这个实验和婴儿的视力有关 故选b 2 2012 辽宁高考 it sbasedontrust andit sworkingallright saysco ownerbradbirky whostartedthecafein2006withhiswifelibby previouslyvolunteeringatsoupkitchens thebirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere whatcanwelearnaboutthesoupkitchensthebirkyspreviouslyworkedfor a theyrefusedtohavevolunteers b theyofferedlowqualityfood c theyprovidedcustomerswithagoodenvironment d theycloseddownbecauseofpoormanagement 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据previouslyvolunteeringatsoupkitchens thebirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere 可知 原来的那家餐馆提供的饭菜质量不好 热点考向3推理判断题1 设题角度 1 推断隐含含义 2 推断作者的观点 态度 写作目的和意图 3 推断文章的出处 4 推断文章中人物的性格态度等 2 设问方式 1 wecaninfer learnfromthe last paragraphthat 2 itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat 3 thepassageimplies suggeststhat 4 theauthor spurposeofwritingthepassageis 5 fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat 6 theauthorbelievesthat 7 itismostlikelytobeinferredfromthepassagethat 8 whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage 9 theauthormostprobablyimpliesinthissectionthat 3 解题思路 1 抓关键信息 逆向或正向推理 抓住某一段话中的关键信息 即某些关键词或短语去分析 推理 判断 利用逆向思维或正向推理 从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义 2 整合全文 段 信息 综合推断 做推理题时 有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上 整合与题目相关的有用信息 综合起来去推理判断 确定最佳选项 3 用语境褒贬性 看写作意图 几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性 它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图 因此利用好这一点 就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断 4 寻字里行间 定情感脉络 作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间 或流露于修饰的词语之中 在推断过程中 应特别注意文中作者的措辞 尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词 5 据上下文逻辑 实事求是判断 逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实 论点 例证等一系列论据材料进行推理 从而得出合乎逻辑的结论 而不是根据自己的经验 态度 观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵 典例 2013 新课标全国卷 nowsomepeoplemaythinki mabadmotherandnotsuchagreatwifeeither butasabig timebargainhunter iknowthevalueofadollar andthesedays agooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor a sherarelymissesagooddeal b sheseldommakesacomprom

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