[考试宝典]2002年职称英语考试理工类B级试题.doc

职称英语考试宝典 系列软件2002年职称英语考试理工类B级试题第l部分：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 The nursery is bright and cheerfulA pleasant B colorfulC fashionable D different2 He is but a child.A probably B notC only D hardly3 The price of vegetables varies according to the weather.A jumps B risesC falls D changes4 Did you do that to irritate her?A tease B attractC annoy D protect5 The old lady let her flat to an English couple.A offered B rentedC provided D sold6 A ship was reported to be in distress a few miles out at seaA disorder B formationC service D danger7 You should cultivate the habit of reading carefully.A invent B beginC develop D initiate8 Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentenceA Split B CombineC Break D Divide9 His handwriting is flowing and gracefulA pleasing B formalC informal D flowery10 The sisters cant tolerate each otherA bear B hateC like D criticize11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A pull out B repairC take D dig12 The childs abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.A funny B frighteningC repeated D unusual13 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.A in B aroundC from D before14 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modifiedA sufficiently B noticeablyC intentionally D absolutely15 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank.A altered B changedC bought D sold第2部分：阅读判断 (第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Megaplane(巨型飞机)The Boeing Corpand Europes Airbus consortium(财团)are preparing to offer bigger airplanes to the worlds airlinesNow that talks on a ioint project have broken down，Boeing is pushing a stretched(拓展的)version of the 747，and Airbus is designingan all-new aircraft，known as theA3XXSeating 550 passengers in the basic model，and 650 in a stretched versionthe 1.2 million pound A3XX will not only be the largest airplane in the world，but it,will also be one of the most advancedThe outer wings and the horizontal stabilizer(as big as a smaller jets wing)will be made of carbon-fiber composite materials，and will be the largest such structures on any aircraft except the B-2 stealth bomber(隐形轰炸机)Metal skins will be welded (焊接)together with lasers，removing thousands of fastenersWhen a strong wind strikes the A3XXs 260-foot wingmovable control surfaces will prevent it from flexing(扭曲)like a giant springThis will make the ride smoother and will save weight by reducing the load on the wing spars(翼梁)A flexibleskinned flap(副翼)will subtly change the wings curvature(曲面)to match the airplanes changing weight as it bums fuel on each journeyThe A3XX will carry up to 1,600 meals，filling more than，1 00 food and beverage(饮料) carts.To make more room for passengers，Airbus plans to put the carts in the lower hold；automatic conveyors and elevators will deliver them to the two passenger decksAirlines have asked Airbus to look at extra features ranging from lower-deck sleeper cabins to a childrensplayroomAirbus expects to offer the A3XX to airlines in 1998，and deliver the first aircraft in 200316 The basic model ofA3XX can carry more than 500 passengersA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 A3XX will fly faster while consuming less oilA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 A3XX will be bigger than the B-2 stealth bomberA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 No fasteners will be used in bullding A3XX because all components will be welded together.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 The wing of A3XX will not be spoiled surfaces are designed to be movableA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Airbus plans to build a mini-restaurant in the lower hold of A3XXA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 The first A3XX will be available in 2003A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第2330题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第36段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Electromagnetic Energy1White light seems to be a combination of all colorsThe energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can seeHeat is given off by a flame or an electric lightOn a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel coo1Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples electromagnetic energy2The sun is 93 million miles from the earthYet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energyRadio，television，and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves . Intrared(红外线的)radiation is an electromagnetic waveWhen it is absorbed by matter，heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio，television，or radarUltraviolet rays(紫外线)and，X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy . Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings . Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal livingUltraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organismsX-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objectsThey can be used to detect and treat cancerX-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal，and in medicine to reveal broken bones4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energyThe source of most of our energy is the sunHeat from the sun causes water to evaporateWhen the water falls to the earth as rain，some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generatorsOther generators are powered by coal，but the energy stored in coal came from the suntoo5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzleIf the sun depended on chemical reactions，it would have used up all its energy long agoExperiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energyAbout forty years after the theory was proposed，nuclear energy was harnessed(利用)by manChemical energy comes from electron(电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atomCompared with chemical reactionsnuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of melWe now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦)6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricityIt is also being used to operate engines in large shipsScientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.23 Paragraph 3_24 Paragraph 4_25 Paragraph 5_26 Paragraph 6_A Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns EnergyB The Most lmportant Source of EnergyC Types of Electromagnetic EnergyD The Machines Used for Energy GenerationE Seeking New Sources of EnergyF The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation in Medicine27 One can get a sunburn even _.28 Infrared radiation can produce heat _.29 X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect andtreat cancer_ .30 Chemical energy is generated _.A when it is absorbed by matterB when it is cloudyC because they can pass through solid objectsD when the sunrays are fierceE when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeF when electron rearrangement takes place第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 A Thirsty WorldThe world is not only hungry,it is also thirsty for waterThis may seem strange to you，since nearly 75of the earths surface is covered with waterBut about 97of this huge amount is sea-wateror saIt waterMan can only drink and use the other 3-the fresh water that comes from rivers，lakes，underground，and other sourcesAnd we cannot even use all of that, beeause some of it is in the fonn of icebergs(冰山)and glaciers (冰川)Even worse,some of it has been po1lutedAt the moment，this small amount of flesh water is still enough for us.Howeve，our need for water is increasing rapidlyOnly if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we_avoida severe worldwide water shortage later onA limited water supply would have a bad eriect on alriculture and industryIn addition to stopping wasting our precious water,one useful step we shouId take is to develop ways of reusing it . Experiments have already been done in this field，but only on a small scaleToday,in most large cities，water is used only once and it eventually retums to the sea or runs into underground storage tanksBut it is possible to pipe water that has been used to apurifying(净化)plantThere it can be filtered(过滤)and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were flesh from a springBut even if every large city purified and reused its water，we still would not have enougn.Where could we tum next?To the oceans!All wed have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is-remove the saltThis salt-removing process is already in use in many Parts of the worldSo if we take a11 these steps，we11 be in no danger of drying up !31 The phrasethe worldin the first line of the passage refers toA manB youC womanD they32 What percentage of the earths water can man actually use at present?A Nearly 75 per centB About 97 per centC Exactly 3 per centD Lessthan 3 per cent33 According to the passage，we can avoid a worldwide water shortage in the future byA increasing rainfallB reusing water and utilizing sea-water.C cutting down our consumption of water.D reducing the number of factories producing steel34 Which of the following statements，according to the passage，is NOT true?A A limited water supply will affect industrial productionB Every large city purifies and reuses its waterC Purified water is not exactly as flesh as spring waterD Oceans are the largest water source35 According to the passage，sea-water can be turned into flesh water byA heating it upB treating it with chemicalsC taking salt out of itD drying it up.第二篇 Nonverbal Thinking in EngineeringMany objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by scienceHowever,their form and tunctlon，their dimensions and appearance，were determined by technologistsdesignersinventors，and engineers using nonscientific modes of thoughtMany features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to clear verbal descriptions；they are dealt with in the mind by a visual，nonverbal processPyramids，cathedrals，and rockets exist notbecause of geometry or thermo-dynamics(热动力学)，but because they were first the picture in the minds of those who built themThe creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact (人工制品) that existsFor example，in designing a diesel engine ，a technologist might express individual(个人的)ways of nonoerbal，thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive (直觉的)sense of rightness and fitnessWhat would be the shape of the combustion chamber (燃烧室)?Where should the valves(阀)be placed?Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience，by physical requirement，by limitations of available spaceand not in the least by a sense of formSome decisions，such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations，but the nonscientific component design remains primaryDesign courses，then，should be an essential element of engineering curriculaNonverbal thinking，a central mechanism in engineering design，involves perceptions，which is the specialtechmque of the artist，not the scientistBecause perceptive processes are not assumed to needhard thinking，nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal mathematical thoughtIf courses in design，which in a strongly analytical(分析的)engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving，are not provided，we can expect toencounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systemsFor exampleearly modes of high-speed railroad cars loaded with high-tech controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because the fan sucked snow into the electrical systemRandom failures that bring automatic control systems into trouble are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.36 The passage is mainly concemed withA the modes of thinking that are used by technologistsB the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering designC the new role for nonscientific thinking in engineeringD the difference between the goals of engineers and those of technologists37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example involving nonverbal thinking in paragraphs 1 and 2?A Building cathedralsB Creating rocketsC Designing diesel enginesD Making boats38 The example of the diesel engine is used in the passage to illustrate thatA errors in engineering design are unavoidableB the nonscientific component design is primaryC mathematics is a necessary part of the study of designD design courses form a part of engineering curricula39 It can be inferred that the writer thinks that engineering curricula areA strengthened when they include courses in designB weakened by the courses designed to develop mathematical skillsC weak because they include some nonscientific componentsD strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking?40 What contributes to random failures in automatic control systems?A Using too many inexperienced engineers in the fieldB Attaching too much importance to nonverbal thinking in engineering.C Relying too heavily on the role of mathematics in designD Depending very little on verbal mathematical thought.第三篇 Black HoiesWhat is a black hole?Well，its difficult to answer this question，since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate hereAstronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space(not a thing)into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape-not even lightSo we cant see a black holeA black hole exerts(施加)a strong gravitational(重力的)pull and yet it has no matterIt is only space-or so we think. How can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point；theycollapseand sometimes a supernova(超新星)occursThe collapse of a star may produce aWhite Dwarf (白矮星)of aneutron star一a star whose matter is so dense that lt continually shrinks by the force of its own gravityBut if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole resultsImagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble，but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull，and you have some idea of the force of a black holeAny matter near the black hole is sucked inIt is impossible to say what happens inside a black holeOur space and time laws dont seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole.Einsteins relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomenaEinstein claimed that matterand energy are interchangeableso that there is noabsolutetime and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer-they are relativeEinsteins theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existenceIt is only recently that astronomers have begunspecific research into black holesThe most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary(由两部分组成的) star systemsIn some binary star systems，astronomers have shown that there is aninvisible companion star,apartnerto the one which we can see in the skyThere is one star,called by its catalogue number HDE 226868which must have a partnerThis partner star,it seemshas a mass ten or twenty times greater than the sun-yet we cant see itMatter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion starCould this invisible star,which exerts such a great force，be a black hole?Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too，which might have black holes as companions4l Which of the following does NOT fit the definition of the black hole?A The black hole is a region of spaceB The black hole sucks in any object that passes by itC The black hole is visible through an infrared telescopeD The black hole has no matter42 Why does the author putneutron starin quotation marks?A It is a special term of astronomyB It is an inventedtermC He is quoting an authorityD He is using the term ironically43