【步步高】（广东专用）高考英语一轮复习 主谓一致导学案 北师大版(1).doc

主谓一致一、就近一致原则1由or，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.，not.but.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。neither his parents nor i am able to persuade him to change his mind.2here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.二、意义一致原则1谓语动词必须用单数的情况(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。politics is his favorite subject.(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。do you know when the united nations was set up?2谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。the police are searching for the murderer.3谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定(1)集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。as far as i know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.(2)“the形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。the poor were looked down upon in the old days.三、语法一致原则1由and连接的两个名词作主语(1)“a/the名词单数and名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。the teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.(2)“a/the名词单数anda/the名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。the teacher and the poet have just arrived.(3)“every名词单数andevery名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语，谓语动词用单数。bread and butter is not to his taste.2表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。is fifty pounds enough?3“分数/百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。twothirds of the books are about science.only 30% of the work was done yesterday.1listening to loud music at rock concerts_caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010湖南，33)ais bare chas dhave2such poets as shakespeare_widely read，of whose works，however，some_difficult to understand.(2010四川，15)aare；are bis；iscare；is dis；are3barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.(2010全国，9)awear bwearschas worn dhave worn4the number of foreign students attending chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997.(2009山东，25)ais barechas been dhave been5dr.smith，together with his wife and daughters，_ visit beijing this summer.(2009陕西，7)ais going to bare going tocwas going to dwere going to一、用所给词的适当形式填空1several department stores，including the one we usually go to，_(have) sidewalk sales this week.lets go and have a look.2what the science teacher does and says _(be) of great importance to college students. 3.a number of students _(be) playing on the ground but i dont know what the exact number _(be) 4.we all feel it is jack as well as his wife that _(be) to blame for their sons bad behaviour at school.5mike，what did our monitor say just now?every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _(be) to visit the museum_(be) asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.6britain in common with many other industrialized countries，_(experience) major changes over the last 100 years.7of the first spanish to go to california，the majority _(be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the catholic religion to the natives.8so far a series of problems _(be) brought about by this decision.二、单项填空1the atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes，rivers and oceans.ahas bdo cis dare2in fact，not only mary and i but also jane _ having one exam after another.ais tired for bare tired withcis tired of dare tired of3did you go to the show last night?yeah.every boy and girl in the area_invited.awere bhave beenchas been dwas4at the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.awere bwas cis dsits5butter and bread _ their daily food，but the bread and the butter _ up now.ais；is eaten bare；have been eatencare；are eaten dis；have been eaten6an average of 200 letters a week _ received by the newspapers offer.such _ the case with us at present.aare；is bhas been；has beenchave been；is dis；are7its said that the team _ twelve top european players.aconsists of bis consisted ofcare made up of dmake up of8sixty miles _ in a single night，so they were exhausted.ais covered bwas coveredcare covered dhas covered9_ an englishchinese dictionary.athe students each havebthe students each hasceach the students hasdeach of the students have10_ of the russian students，teachers and parents was over 1,000；and _ of them were killed unfortunately.athe number；the numberbthe number；a numberca number；halfda number；three quarters11email，as well as telephones，_ an important part in daily communication.ais playing bhave playedcare playing dplay12all but one _ here just now.ais bwas chas been dwere13every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.ais used bare usedchas been used dhave been used14he is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.ais barechave been dhas been15when and where to go for the onsalary holiday _ yet.aare not decidedbhave not been decidedcis not being decideddhas not been decided16no one in the department but tom and i _ that the director is going to resign.aknows bknowchave known dam to know17the teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.awas bwerechad been dwould be18all the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.aencourages bencouragecis encouraged dare encouraged答案感悟高考1c句意为：听摇滚音乐会中的大声的音乐已导致一些青少年失聪了。本题主语为动名词短语，故谓语动词用单数，根据主谓关系可知，此处应是主动语态，故c项正确。2a句意为：一些诗人，像莎士比亚，(其作品)被广泛阅读，然而，其中一些作品是难以理解的。句中of whose works到句末为非限制性定语从句；第一个空的主语是some poets，故谓语动词用复数形式；第二个空的主语是some of whose works，谓语动词也要用复数形式。3b句意为：barbara很容易被辨认出来，因为她是唯一一名穿晚礼服的妇女。题干中先行词是the only one，故定语从句中用单数谓语动词；再根据主句的谓语动词是一般现在时知，从句也用一般现在时。4c“the number ofn.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。5a当主语后出现together with/as well as等介词短语时，谓语动词的单复数与介词短语前的主语保持一致，故可排除b、d两项；根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。领悟语法一、1.are having2.is3.are；is4.is5.are；is6has experienced7.were8.have been二、1.das.as.在这里表示“同一样”的意思。句意为：大气是地球的一部分，就像土壤，湖里、河里、海洋里的水(是地球的一部分)一样。后面是一个省略句。原句还原为完整的句子为the atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans are a part of it.。后面因为用and连接了soil和water，故用复数are。2cnot only.but also连接的成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据就近原则来定，故谓语动词用单数。3d主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。4a表处所的介词短语置于句首时句子要用倒装，该句的主语是a soldier and two young people，所以谓语动词用复数形式。5dbutter and bread抹上黄油的面包，已经是一种约定俗成的食物了，所以用单数形式；the bread and the butte