2014华师当代散文赏识.doc

当代散文赏识A dark suit is _ to a light one for evening wear. B.suitable After hurting in the Second World War, once during the rain season, he will get a _ headache.B.continuousAs the sky looks ominous, it is obvious that a violent thunderstorm is . D.imminentBetty broke the school rules repeatedly so the principal had no alternative but to her. B.expel By a _ of good luck, Gene, who had been buried in the rubble for more than 26 hours, came out alive.A.strokeHe can speak Spanish and French _.D.as wellIt is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as low morale can render an army . D.impotentLast Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase means_. A.unexpectedly Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was _. D.deliberateNeil Postman did not write the essay “Euphemism” on the of the moment. B.spurShe wont be sad too long and time will _ most trouble.A.heal Squirrels often use their tails to their balance while they are leaping and climbing. B.keepThe chief of the museum was most and let us examine the ancient tools. C.obliging The company wants to enroll three _ this year to meet the need of its development. B.employeesThe fact that the princess was paler and whiter than any one in the arena her anxiety. B.revealedThe foreign company has been _ running this factory for decades.B.effectivelyThe plan _ computers to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. B.calls for The Space Age commenced in October 1957 when the first _ satellite was launched by the Soviet Union. B.artificialThe very idea of your taking part in the beauty competition is . C.absurdGlancing his shoulder the herpetologist noticed that he was being followed by a lizard. 答错A.behindB.round C.backD.overThey have sold _ eggs since this morning. C.a dozen This is a new technology that did not _ our expectations. C.live up to We can hurt peoples feelings if we are too . C.bluntWhen appreciating Chinese poems, a wise reader should _. A.read between the lines You are being thoroughly in refusing to allow your son to be an apprentice to the stonemason. C.unreasonable口口口口口A euphemism is commonly defined as an 1auspicious or exalted term (like “sanitation engineer”) that is used in place of a more 2down-to-earth term (like “garbage man”). People who 3are partial to euphemisms 4stand accused of being “5phony” or trying to bide what it is they are really talking about. And there is no doubt that in some situations the accusation is entirely proper. For example, one of the more 6detestable euphemisms I have come across in recent years is the term “Operation Sunshine,” which is the name the U. S. Government gave to some experiments it conducted with the hydrogen bomb in the South. Pacific. It is obvious that the government, in choosing this name, was trying to 7expunge the hideous imagery that the bomb evokes and in so doing committed, as I see it, an immoral act. But there is another side to euphemizing that is worth mentioning, and a few words here in its defense will not be 8amiss. What I am saying is that the process of euphemizing has no moral content. The moral 9dimensions are supplied by what the words 10in question express, what they want us to value and to see. 答案: 1. A euphemism is commonly defined as an auspicious or exalted term: favorable or dignified2. that is used in place of a more down-to-earth term: practical term in accordance with reality3. people who are partial to euphemism: prefer4. stand accused: are in a position of being5. of being phony: deceitful6. one of the more detestable euphemism: disgusting7. the government was trying to expunge the hideous imagery that the bomb evokes: erase the terrible images8. a few words in its defense will not be amiss: faulty9.The moral dimensions: elements10.supplied by what the words in question express: under consideration口口口口口America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated to nothing much more complicated than the rather 1hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a 2pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be 3keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence. From them the country would get its leadership; 4to them it could look for the higher values - of thought, of conduct, of personal 5deportment - to give it strength and virtue.Lee embodied the noblest elements of this aristocratic ideal. Through him, the 6landed nobility justified itself. So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, representing two 7diametrically opposed elements in American life. Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage, was the great age of 8steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality. Lee might have ridden down from the old age of chivalry, lance in hand, silken banner 9fluttering over his head. Each man was the 10perfect champion of his cause, drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led. 答案: 1. the rather hazy belief: uncertain2. to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure: marked3.society itself should be keyed to the land: dependent on4.to them it could look for the higher values: in them the country5.of personal deportment: behavior6.Through him, the landed nobility justified itself: noble class based on the land showed its value7.So Grant and Lee wererepresenting two diametrically opposed elements in American life: completely8.the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities: industrialization, urbanization9.silken banner fluttering over his head: moving lightly and quickly10.each man was the perfect champion of his cause, drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led: staunch defender of his faith, completely reliant on口口口口口Another kind of illiterate has been ignored, despite all the current fuss and bother about the extraordinary number of ordinary illiterates who overpopulate our schools.2. By writing the following, I attempt to give the person, to whom I refer as the straight-A illiterate, equal time with his widely publicized counterpart.3. Finally, both of our respective linguistic knowledge and imagination help us decode it after what seems another hour.4. The sufferer is made unable to detect gibberish in his own writing or in that of others, because Brights disease attacks the best minds.5. His affliction mainly comes from his years of higher education, years of reading the textbooks and professionals, which causes him to write in this way.For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning. 答案: 1. Due to these mens act, the Civil War would be over virtually.2. One of the poignant, dramatic contrasts in American history unfolded itself in the little room where they wrote out the terms.3. A pronounced inequality in the social structure was somehow of advantage to human society, which was the feeling Lee stood for in such a land.4. Nothing in the life of either of the two men could show his greatness more than the part he played in this meeting in the McLean house at Appomattox.5. All succeeding generations of Americans owe a great deal to their behaviour there.For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning. 口口口口口In spite of the Greeks distinction between a persons “inside” and “outside”, they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind.2. Under the influence of Christianity, beauty was deprived of its central place in classical ideals of human excellence.3. The notion of beauty was deviatedas an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment, when Christianity limited excellence to moral virtue only.4. It is more reliable for beauty to be doubted and attacked morally if it is associated with women.5. Assuming that one has these stereotypes, it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.口口口口口Just recently a committee meeting at the University of Colora5do was interrupted by the spectacle of a young man 1scaling the wall of the library just outside the window. Discussion of new interdisciplinary courses halted as we silently hoped he had discipline enough to return safely to the earth. Hope was all we could offer 2from our vantage point in Ketchum Hall, the impulse to rush out and catch him being 3checked by the realization of futility.The incident reinforced my sense that mountaineering serves as an 4apt analogy for the art of teaching. The excitement, the risk, the need for 5rigorous discipline all correspond, though the image I have in mind is not that of the solitary adventurer rappelling off a wall, but that of a Swiss guide leading an expedition.I remember a mountaineer named Fritz who once led a group up the Jungfrau at the same time a party was climbing the north face of the Eiger. My own mountaineering skill was 6slender, and my enthusiasm would have 7faltered had I not felt Fritz was capable of hauling not only me but all the rest of us off that mountain. Strong, self-assured, calm, he radiated that solid authority that encouraged me to tie on to his rope. But I soon realized that my presence on his line constituted a risk for Fritz. Had I been so 8foolhardy as to try to retrieve my glove which went tumbling off a precipice, or had I slipped into one of those 9inexplicably opening crevasses, I might well have pulled the noble Fritz down with me. It was a sobering realization. I, the novice, and he, the expert, were connected by the same lifeline in an experience of mutual interdependence. To give me that top of the world 10exaltation he, too, was taking a risk. 答案: 1. a young man scaling the wall of the library: climbing up2. Hope was all we could offer from our vantage point: in view of our position3. the impulse to rush out and catch him being checked by the realization of futility: prevented4. mountaineering serves as an apt analogy for the art of teaching: exactly suitable5. The excitement, the risk, the need for rigorous discipline all correspond: strict way of training all match closely6. My own mountaineering skill was slender: hardly enough7. my enthusiasm would have faltered: hesitated8. Had I been so foolhardy as to try to retrieve my glove: unwisely bold as to try to regain9. those inexplicably opening crevasses: unaccountably opening deep cracks10.To give me that top-of-the-world exaltation he, too, was taking a risk: joy of success口口口口口 Like an endangered species, manuscripts as vital records of an authors creative process are being threatened and fast disappearing.2. It is probable that Edna St. Vincent Millay had worked hard day and night, but not sure about her success.3. By reading his manuscripts almost a century later, in the National Library in Dublin, people can still feel the power of his passion.4. Like the disappearance of the burning books that he deplores, his various drafts may disappear into a memory bank, which, in that case, it might be so appropriate and even ironic. 5. The convenience of word processing should not be a reason for us to deprive future generations of learning, by manuscripts as our gift to our heritage, how we think and feel.口口口口口 Mans creativeness is especially shown in the fact that he is able to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.2. Mans ability to do with petty grievances and joys, and with common physiological pressures and hungers shows his greatness as a man.3. In an eventful life, mans creativity is hindered instead of being activated.4. It would have been impossible for me to do any thinking and composing on the companys time or even on my own time after returning from work if my work had been of absorbing interest.5. Finding dull jobs unendurable, those people, dull as well, dont know what to do with themselves when at leisure.口口口口口Once youd gone so far as to eat toffees, the whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished.2. The reason for my intentional self-denial of food is simply that I think appetite too good to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.3. Appetite can be improved greatly in value by the act of fasting.4. When I have a day of fasting, I am not denying myself a pleasure, but rather anticipating a rare moment of supreme indulgence.5. We feel weary in modern life partly because we live too much on top of each other, and are entertained and fed too regularly.口口口口口One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. Appetite is the 1keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still 2curious to exist, that you 3still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its 4multitudinous flavors and juices.By appetite, of course, I dont mean just the 5lust for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire, any 6burning in the blood that proves you want more than youve got, and that you havent yet used up your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who 7never got their hearts desire, but sorrier still for those who did. I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and Ive always preferred 8wanting to having since.Besides, the whole 9toffee-ness of toffees was 10imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it. 答案: 1. Appetite is the keenness of living: strong desire to live o2. you are still curious to exist: eager3. you still have an edge on your longings: are still driven by strong desires4. taste its multitudinous flavours and juices: numerous5. I dont mean the lust for food: overwhelming desire6. any burning in the blood: any strong desire that you have7. who never got their hearts desire: were never satisfied8. Ive always preferred wanting to having: being in the state of wanting something to having something9. the whole toffeeness of toffees: appeal for a child to eat toffees10.imperceptibly diminished: unaccountably口口口口口So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, 1)r two diametrically 2)o_ elements in American life. Grant was the modern 3)m emerging; beyond him, ready to come 4)o the stage, was the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded 5)c_ and a restless burgeoning vitality. Lee might have ridden 6)d from the old age of chivalry, lance in 7)h , silken banner fluttering 8)o his head. Each man was the perfect champion of his cause, drawing 9)b his strengths and his weaknesses from the 10)p he led. 答案: 1)representing 2)opposed 3)man 4)on 5)cities 6)down 7)hand 8)over 9)both 10)people口口口口口The architecture itself didnt cause so much of my fathers negative response as a violation of his concept of the nature of money did.2. We are changing our conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world, which, instead of our advanced technology, is the determining factor of how we shall build our walls.3. A buildings apparently impregnable design made not only the building itself necessarily sound but also its heavy wall as an architectural symbol significant, because of the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than of any aesthetic theory.4. Understanding architecture as a medium for the human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals, the new architectural criticism differs from classical aesthetics.5. It was possibly because of the undeveloped technology of the period that the construction of more delicate walls became impossible.口口口口口The dangers of scofflawry vary wildly. The person who 1)i spits on the sidewalk 2)r disgusting, but clearly poses less 3)r to others than the 4)c_ that illegally buries hazardous chemical 5)w in an unauthorized location. The fare 6)b on the subway presents less threat to life 7)t the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes. The most immediately and measurably 8)d_ scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible. The culprit is the American driver, 9)w lawless activities today add up to a colossal public 10)n . 答案: 1)illegally 2)remains 3)risk 4)company 5)waste 6)beater 7)than 8)dangerous 9)whose 10)nuisance.口口口口口The half of the king was barbaric, as his ideas, though somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant neighbors, were still large, florid, and untrammeled.2. He was such a man not only of exuberant fancy, but also of an authority, that he would turn his varied fancies into facts without being resisted.3. Thinking of such a thing like the public arena as one of his borrowed notions by which his barbarism had become semified, the king intended to make the minds of his subjects refined and cultured by exhibition of manly and beastly valor.4. The man was not guided or influenced by anyone or anything except the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.5. The occasion was made more interesting just for this element of uncertainty, which it could not be otherwise.口口口口口The outstanding characteristic of mans creativeness is the ability to 1transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences. The greatness of man is in 2what he can do with petty grievances and joys, and