高考英语阅读理解精品训练（19）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（19）及解析c52013江西卷 done might expect that the evergrowing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers. indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longterm future of the holiday industry. every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. and every month another rockbound pacific island is advertised as the last paradise(天堂) on earth. however, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. in those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holidays, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. in recent years, nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. in fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. the people as well rapidly feel its effects. farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. the onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. no doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. the protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. at the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.the way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. if not, in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.71what does the author indicate in the last sentence of paragraph 1?a. the pacific island is a paradise. b. the pacific island is worth visiting.c. the advertisement is not convincing. d. the advertisement is not impressive.72the example of nepal is used to suggest _a. its natural resources are untouched b. its forests are exploited for farmlandc. it develops well in health and education d. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists73what can we learn about the farmers from paragraph 4?a. they are happy to work their own lands. b. they have to please the tourists for a living.c. they have to struggle for their independence. d. they are proud of working in multinational organizations.74which of the following determines the future of tourism?a. the number of tourists. b. the improvement of services.c. the promotion of new products. d. the management of tourism.75the authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is _a. optimistic b. doubtful c. objective d. negative【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了旅游业的发展对当地以及环境等方面的影响。71. c考查推理判断。由“every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. and every month another rockbound pacific island is advertised as the last paradise(天堂) on earth”可知每个月广告上不停地更换所谓的太平洋上某个岛是“地球上最后的天堂”，由此可推出广告是不可信的，故选c项。72. d考查推理判断。由第三段第一、二句“those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. in recent years, nepal”可知尼泊尔的例子是用来说明其受到旅游的负面影响。73. b考查推理判断。由第四段后几句“the onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. no doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.”曾经的农民成为了某些跨国组织的仆人，自己不再主宰自己的生活，强颜欢笑来取悦游客谋生。74. d考查细节理解。由最后一段第一句“the way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate”可知旅游业的管理决定其未来。75. c考查观点态度。综观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了旅游业发展的相关问题。c52013辽宁卷 d“indeed，”george washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before i left home.” but the father of america was not the father of bug.when washington wrote that, englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and americans had already created lightningbug(萤火虫)but the english were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.the american bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. the bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations.since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.we also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.that meaning dates back to the time of thomas edison.in 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.in 1889 it was recorded that edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in his invented record player.”68we learn from paragraph 1 that _aamericans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugbgeorge washington was the first person to call an insect a bugcthe word bug was still popularly used in england in the nineteenth centurydboth englishmen and americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century69what does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?aexplanation. bfinding.corigin. dfault.70the passage is mainly concerned with _athe misunderstanding of the word bugbthe development of the word bugcthe public views of the word bugdthe special characteristics of the word bug【要点综述】 本文是说明文，主要讲单词bug在意义上的发展变化。68d推理判断题。根据“在1785，华盛顿在日记中使用bug”和“在19和20世纪，英国人停止使用bug”，说明这两国人在18世纪都使用过bug这个词。69d词义猜测题。根据“爱迪生把它解释为小问题或困难”可知，fault和flaw意思相近。70b主旨大意题。文章讲述了bug在意义上的发展。(2011合肥第二次质检，d)you are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need；lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma (文凭) represents a harvard degree? or that you finished an extra couple of years back at state university?more and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺骗)like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers. for personnel officers, like most americans, value degress from famous schools. a job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a wellknown university. registrars(学籍管理员)at most wellknown colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims like these at the rate of about one per week.personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. it turns out that when an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. one ivy league school refers to them as “special cases”. one wellknown west coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”to avoid complete lies，some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with”a college or university. after careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. it may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. one school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow.if you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. one company, with offices in new york and on the west coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. the price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “smoot state university”. the prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “university of purdue”. as there is no smoot state and the real school in indiana is properly called purdue university, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.因为人事部门的官员们更看重名校学历，因此人们常常为谋求一份好工作和职位而造假。13the writer mainly wants to tell us that _.a. college degrees can now be purchased easily b. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobsc. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problemd. employers are no longer interested in applicants actual performances答案：c。主旨大意题。总览文章可知c项为本文主旨。14as used in the first line of the second paragraph，the word “utter” means _.a. thorough b. carefulc. imcomplete d. spoken 答案：a。词义猜测题。由第二段第一句中的关键词deception(欺骗)及其后的解释“学历造假”，再结合文章主旨可推出a项正确。thorough彻底的。15once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would _.a. keep the records of themb. drive them out of collegec. avoid direct conflicts with themd. accuse them of such behaviors 答案：c。推理判断题。由第三段中的“.most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly”和下面给出的例子可推断出c项正确。16we can learn from the passage that _.a. us employers value their job applicants with a degree from top universitiesb. university of purdue and purdue university are the same schoolc. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in us easilyd. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities 答案：a。事实细节题。由第二段第二句“for personnel officers, like most americans, value degrees from famous schools.”可知a项正确。由尾段可知b、d错误；c项在文中没有信息支持。(2011成都三诊，d)habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly，setting our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures，”william wordsworth said in the 19th century. in the everchanging 21st century，even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.so it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation(创新)but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits ，we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. in fact，the more new things we try, the more creative we become.but dont bother trying to kill off old habits；once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain，theyre there to stay. instead，the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “the first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder，” says dawna markova, author of the open mind. “but we are taught instead to decide ，just as our president calls himself the decider. ”she adds, however，that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. a good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” “all of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware，” she says. researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. at the end of adolescence，however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “this breaks the major rule in the american belief systemthat anyone can do anything, ” explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book this year i will.and ms. markovas business partner. “thats a lie that we have preserved，and it fosters commonness. knowing what youre good at and doing even more of