2013大学英语复习资料.doc

2013年英语复习资料考试内容：（1）写作 15分（2）听力 （长对话+短对话） 15分（3）阅读（2篇课内+2篇课外，课本 test yourself 中8篇阅读选2篇） 40分（4）选词填空（课后练习，6篇中选1篇） 10分（5）英译汉（课本6个单元选5段） 20分Unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life12 I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we dont entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home. 我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊的素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节，根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间也呆在家里。 13 The other requirement is energy - a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw. 另一项要求是体力相当大的体力。小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其他昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你要自己动手。我们仅有的机器（不包括割草机）是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。 14 How much longer well have enough energy to stay on here is anybodys guess - perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not. When the time comes, well leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what weve been able to accomplish. We should make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too. Weve invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today. But this is not a good time to sell. Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again. 没人知道我们还能有精力在这里再呆多久-也许呆很长一阵子，也许不是。到走的时候，我们会怆然离去，但也会为自己所做的一切深感自豪。我们把农场出售也会赚相当大一笔钱。我们自己在农场投入了约35，000美金的资金，要是现在售出的话价格差不多可以翻一倍。不过现在不是出售的好时机。但是一旦经济形势好转，对我们这种农场的需求又会增多。 15 We didnt move here primarily to earn money though. We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives. When I watch Emily collecting eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I know weve found just what we were looking for. 但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居至此的。我们来此居住是因为想提高生活质量。当我看着埃米莉傍晚去收鸡蛋，跟吉米一起在河上钓鱼，或和全家人一起在果园里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我们找到了自己一直在寻求的生活方式。 2. Theme-relatedA homesteader (自耕农) is a person who lives a self-reliant lifestyle with major emphasis on home production. While the Industrial Age is being replaced (1) by information and electronics, some people try to seek an escape from the social, environmental, and economic madness of the modern age and begin to consider (2) returning to the country. As this lifestyle is so enjoyable, satisfying and rewarding, more and more people are prepared to quit (3) their job in the city and start a new and more meaningful life on their various farms. For some it has become not only a way of life, but also a way of looking at the world (4).Of course, life in the country can be pretty tough (5). While it is an enjoyment to be so close to Nature, you may have to reduce your dependence on fuels (6) by cutting back on your daily consumption. You may also have to cook your own meals every day and provide (7) your own low-cost entertainment without the luxuries (8) that are common in cities. On balance (9), however, living in the country has long been a part of the American Dream. Generations of Americans have considered the country an ideal (10) setting in which to live and raise a family. considercreativeworldfuelsluxuriesoccasionsidealappliedreplacedinitialquittoughprovideassistbalanceUnit 2 The Freedom Givers4 Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom. 但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”，一条由逃亡线路和可靠的人家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。在1820年至1860年期间，多达十万名黑奴经由此路走向自由。 5 In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And its about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories. 2000年10月，克林顿总统批准拨款1600万美元建造全国“地下铁路”自由中心，以此纪念美国历史上第一次伟大的民权斗争。中心计划于2004年在辛辛那提州建成。真是该建立这样一个中心的时候了。因为地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻，他们的业绩依然少人颂扬。我要讲述他们的故事。 2. Theme-relatedDespite the name, the Underground Railroad was not really a railroad, but was a network of people who assisted fugitive slaves. Many fugitives who escaped to the North and Canada received assistance (1) along the way from individuals who were involved (2) in this network. By the early 19th century, the organization became so successful that it is estimated (3) that between 1810 and 1850,100,000 slaves escaped from the South through the Underground Railroad.It was not a(n) coincidence (4) that it was called the Underground Railroad. Steam railroads had just emerged (5) and the terms used to describe the people who helped and the fugitives were related to the railroad line. Fugitive slaves were called parcels and passengers, the helpers were the conductors, the people who provided their homes as refuge were called stationmasters, and the homes were referred (6) to as depots or stations.The route used was an important part of a successful escape. There were numerous (7) secret routes that a conductor could use. The one used depended on where the search parties and slave catchers were stationed (8). Some trips required the use of many different routes. If it appeared that they might be in danger, a guide would change paths. Some guides and fugitives even hid out in bushes and swamps for many days until it was safe to continue on. Quickness was not the main concern (9), instead safety was most important and as a result they often zigzagged in order to avoid capture (10).numerouscaptureaccumulatedassistanceinspiredestimatedcoincidencecuriosityemergedconcernreferredstationedpreviousinvolvedincidentUnit 3 The Land of the Lock4 It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open. 取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统，以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。郊区的许多人家在露台上安装了玻璃滑门，内侧有装得很讲究的钢条，这样就没人能把门撬开。 5 It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company. 在最温馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上贴着小小的告示，称本宅由某家安全机构或某个保安公司负责监管。 6 The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a childs bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it. 锁成了美国的新的象征。的确，一家大保险公司最近的一则公益广告没有用图表表明我们所处的危险有多大，而是用了一幅童车的图片，车身上悬着如今无所不在的挂锁。 7 The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock? 广告指出，没错，确是保险公司理赔失窃物品，但谁来赔偿互不信任、担心害怕这种新氛围对我们的生活方式所造成的影响呢？谁来对美国从自由之国到锁之国这一蜕变作出精神赔偿呢？ 8 For that is what has happened. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean. 因为那就是现状。我们已经变得如此习惯于保护自己不受美国生活新氛围的影响，如此习惯于设置障碍，因而无暇考虑这一切意味着什么。 2. Theme-relatedStatistics show that at some point in your life, you will get robbed. Things get even worse for apartment dwellersbecause so many people pass in and out of an apartment building, and it is much tougher (1) to keep non-residents out. So what to do? Dont panic. Yes, apartments are liable (2) to robbery, but there are options other than barricading yourself in your apartment with a shotgun. We suggest that you use some common sense to shift (3) that target from your door. Then the burglar will rob the less guarded, not you.We know what youre thinking: Ill never get robbed. Whod want to steal a half can of Diet Coke and an electric (4) toothbrush? If those really are the only things in your apartment, you have every reason not to worry. However, if you have something youd like to keep say, a TV, a stereo, a computer, a Picasso its wise to be cautious (5).Your goal is not to set up any sophisticated (6) security systems to hold thieves (7) at bay; your goal is to keep criminals from even trying to break (8) into your apartment in the first place. If someone really wants to break in, chances (9) are that he/she is going to find a way by breaking a window or climbing up the fire escape. Therefore, you should remove all signs (10) that say, Hey, look at me! Lots of goodies and no security! Come on in! Lock the door when you leave. Dont leave the windows open all day long. Dont tape notes on the door directed to your mate reading Gone all day! Left the door unlocked for you! Just use your brains!signscautiouschanceselectronicsystemsthievesshiftliablebarrierstoughersophisticatedelectricuniversalthreatenbreakTest yourself（Unit 14） p129131Part IV Reading Comprehension（Reading in Death）Section BPassage One 57. D 58. D 59.A 60. A 61. DPassage Two 62.C 63.A 64.D 65.C 66.CTest yourself（Unit 58） P263265Section BPassage One 57. D 58.B 59.A 60. C 61. APassage Two 62.B 63.D 64.A 65.B 66.AUnit4 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business lite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.虽然布劳德和曼德尔对各自的国籍界定不同，他们都将国籍视为个人选择，而不是由出生地决定的。而且，他俩都是达沃斯人，这可不是巧合。达沃斯人指的是那些每年长途跋涉去瑞士阿尔卑斯山区小城达沃斯参加年度世界经济论坛该论坛始于1971年的国际商业精英们。本周，布劳德和曼德尔将同其他2200余名企业高管、政界人士、学者、记者、作家和少数几位好莱坞明星一起，参加为时五天的交际活动、宴会和没完没了的认真的讨论。讨论话题林林总总，从大选后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供应和纳米技术的重大意义。然而今年，或许比以往更甚的是，达沃斯论坛的一个热门话题就是达沃斯本身。尽管与会男女各不相同，但他们大多数有一个共同信念：全球化，亦即资本、劳动力和技术不受阻碍地跨国界流动，是值得欢迎和不可阻挡的。在他们看来，世界越来越像一个巨大的互相联系的市场。在这个市场里，企业寻求采购、生产及销售产品和服务的最佳地点。2. Theme-relatedGlobalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided (1) by information technology. This process has effects (2) on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, peopleand, later, corporationshave been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances(3), such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected(4) China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested (5) in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features (6) of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing (7) before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.But policy and technological developments of the past few decades have spurred increases in cross-border trade, investment, and migration so large that many observers believe the world has entered a qualitatively (8) new phase in its economic development. Since 1950, for example, the volume (9) of world trade has increased by 20 times, and from just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion. Distinguishing (10) this current wave of globalization from earlier ones, author Thomas Friedman has said that today globalization is “farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.”effectsaidedcalculationunfortunatelyspeakingdistancesfoundationinvesteddistinguishingvolumeprevailingconnectedqualitativelybroughtfeaturesUnit5 A Friend in Need1 For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I do not know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people the more they puzzle me.三十年来，我一直研究我的人类同胞，但至今了解不多。每当有人跟我说他对一个人的第一次印象向来不错的时候，我就耸耸肩。我想这种人不是无知，就是自大。拿我自己来说，我发现，认识一个人的时间越长，我就越感到困惑。2 These reflections have occurred to me because I read in this mornings paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe. He was a merchant and he had been in business in Japan for many years. I knew him very little, but he interested me because once he gave me a great surprise. Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was capable of such an action. It was more startling because both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type. Here if ever was a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes. I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him. He was always neatly and quietly dressed in accordance with his age and station.我产生这些想法，是因为我在今天早上的报纸上看到爱德华海德伯顿在神户去世的消息。他是个商人，在日本经商多年。我跟他并不熟，但是对他挺有兴趣，因为有一次他让我大吃一惊。要不是听他亲口讲述这个故事，我根本不会相信他能做出这种事来。这件事之所以特别令人惊讶，是因为无论是外表还是风度，他都让人想到一种非常明确的类型。要说真有表里如一的人的话，那就是此公了。他个子很小，身高不过5英尺4英寸，身材纤细，白头发、蓝眼睛，红红的脸上布满皱纹。我估计自己认识他时，他大约有60岁光景。他向来衣着整洁素雅，合乎他的年龄和身份。3 Though his offices were in Kobe, Burton often came down to Yokohama. I happened on one occasion to be spending a few days there, waiting for a ship, and I was introduced to him at the British Club. We played bridge together. He played a good game and a generous one. He did not talk very much, either then or later when we were having drinks, but what he said was sensible. He had a quiet, dry humor. He seemed to be popular at the club and afterwards, when he had gone, they described him as one of the best. It happened that we were both staying at the Grand Hotel and next day he asked me to dine with him. I met his wife, fat, elderly, and smiling, and his two daughters. It was evidently a united and affectionate family. I think the chief thing that struck me about Burton was his kindliness. There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign. Here was a man who attracted you because you felt in him a real love for his fellows. At the same time he liked his game of cards and his cocktail, he could tell with point a good and spicy story, and in his youth he had been something of an athlete. He was a rich man and he had made every penny himself. I suppose one thing that made you like him was that he was so small and frail; he aroused your instincts of protection. You felt that he could not bear to hurt a fly.伯顿的办事处设在神户，但他常常到横滨来。有一次，我正好因为等船，要在那里呆几天，在英国俱乐部经人介绍与他相识。我们在一起玩桥牌。他打得不错，牌风也好。无论在玩牌的时候，还是在后来一起喝酒的时候，他的话都不多，但说的话却都合情合理。他挺幽默，但并不咋呼。他在俱乐部里似乎人缘不错，后来，在他走了以后，人家都说他是个顶呱呱的人。事有凑巧，我们俩都住在格兰德大酒店。第二天他请我吃饭。我见到了他的太太一位肥肥胖胖、满面笑容的半老妇人和他的两个女儿。这显然是和睦恩爱的一家人。我想，伯顿当时给我印象最深的主要还是他这个人和善。他那双温和的蓝眼睛有种令人愉快的神情。他说话的声音轻柔；你无法想象他会提高嗓门大发雷霆；他的笑容和蔼可亲。这个人吸引你，是因为你从他身上感到他对别人的真正的爱。同时他也喜欢玩牌，喝鸡尾酒，他能绘声绘色地讲个来劲儿的段子什么的，他年轻时多少还是个运动员呢。他是个阔佬，但他的每一个便士都是自己挣来的。我想，人们喜欢他还有一个原因，那就是他非常瘦小、脆弱，容易引起人们的恻隐之心。你觉得他甚至连只蚂蚁都不忍伤害。2. Theme-relatedYears of scrounging on the streets of Shahr-e Kord in western Iran meant that Habibian was never anything more than a local beggar to his neighbors. So when he was found dead in his home, no one suspected (1) that the man who spent his life pleading (2) for money and favors had left behind a vast fortune.But now a judge has confirmed (3) that Habibian was a real-life slumdog(穷小子) millionaire after police discovered a treasure trove of valuables stashed away when they went to recover his body. Searching through the dead mans possessions, officers were stunned (4)to find more than 7,000 in cash, ownership documents to a host of lucrative (5)properties and businesses. They also discovered an array of precious jewellery (6) and ornaments, including earrings dating back to the mid-19th centuryHa