基于NET的WEB开发与设计（中英文整篇文章）.doc

Based on .NET WEB development and applicationIn this paper, Web application framework mode is analyzed, UML expansion mechanism is introduced, and the Web application of various object modeling is also realized. UML modeling and development method, which is Web application of .Net framework, is studied. Its application to a practical research institute in the management system is applied at the same time. The practice shows that the method can reduce the complexity of the development, shorten the development cycle, and good results were obtained.1. IntroductionWeb-based application system generally consists of two parts: server and client browser. The server mainly carries on logical processing to business, but the user to the server on the service logics influence, so that Web applications often has the complexity and the highly dynamic characteristics. This kind of characteristic causes more difficulties of complex systems development and management based on the Web applications. To solve the above problem effectively, shorten the development cycle and reduce maintenance costs, the main strategy is the modeling of the Web application. UML is one of the modeling languages, which is commonly used in the object-oriented technology area. In addition, .NET frame when general purpose language movement in the CLR foundation, has provided the perfect foundation class storehouse, database visit technology ADO.NET and network development technology ASP.NET, enables the exploiter to be possible to construct the Web application fast. Therefore, this article main discussion based on .NET frame Web the application UML modeling and the method of exploitation, and uses in this method in the research institute management system management system which the author develops, the practical application indicated that this method may reduce the system development and the management complexity effectively, raises the economic efficiency.(重新改)2. Web application framework modelWeb application basic skeleton includes browser, network and Web server. The browser requests the Web page to the server, The Web page possibly includes client side script that interpreted the execution by the browser, and also may other which with in the browser, the page content and the page of other control the piece (the Java Applet, ActiveX controls the piece and plug-in etc.) to carry on to hand over with each other. The user to the Web page enters information or through the super link guidance to other Web page, carries on with the system alternately, change system “service condition”.2.1 Thin Web clientIt is mainly suitable for based on the Internet application, has not controlled nearly to the client side disposition. The client only needs standard Web browser, may request and display standard HTML pages. All the business logic execute on server.The client browser request page resources from the server through the HTTP agreement, the server will be requested URL analysis for files in the file system, or processed by application server and that may change the operational status, obtains the request page, the returns gives the client side.2.2 Fat Web clientThe fat Web client is most suits for that could determine the Web client configuration and the Web application of browser version. The client communicate with the server through HTTP, uses DHTML、 Java Applet or ActiveX controls to carry out the service logic. The HTTP connectionless characteristic, had decided the client side script、 ActiveX control and Java Applet can only interact with client object.When client displays receive page, the execution inserting script that usually may carry out in the different thread, interact with the page content through the DOM connection.2.3 Web transmissionThe Web mode of transmission not only uses HTTP to be responsible for the client side and servers correspondence, but also uses agreements such as IIOP and DCOM to support the distributed object system. The Web page communications with the long-distance object server correspondence through the long-distance object pile and the long-distance object transport protocols, by the server management long-distance service objects life cycle, provides the service to the client object.The long-distance object pile is an object, and it has the same connection with the long-distance object in the client side execution. When through this object transfer method, these methods are sealed, use long-distance object transport protocols RMI/DCOM transmits to the long-distance object server, the server explains requested, the instantiation and transfers in the actual object example the method.In practical application, often according to the service need, the synthesis uses the above skeleton. In our studies in the management system management system, the synthesis has used the thin Web client and the Web transmission skeleton. The client side used JavaScript to carry on the client side confirmation, underwent the confirmation data submission server processing. Background in data management, Web transmission architecture used to keep the client and server connections open for longer, more complex conversations.3. The UML Web application expansionUML (Unified Modeling Language) is one kind of general visualization modeling language, it is suitable in each software development method, software life cycle each stage, each kind of application domain as well as each kind of development kit. But on the Web application model, some of its component cant with standard UML modeling element one-to-one of UML, and therefore must be expanded.The three core UML expansion mechanism including structural type, marker value and constraints. And the most important expansion mechanism is the structure, it cannot change the master form structure, but it may attach the new semantics on the model element, usually uses Structure expressed. The restraint is in the model element semantic relations, how defined the model to organize in together, usually used one pair “” between string of character expression. The mark value is an expansion to the model element characteristic, the majority model elements have with it connection characteristic, usually uses the belt parenthesis the string of character expression.3.1 Web page modelingWeb pages may also contain client script and server-side scripting respectively, and must therefore be modeled. The server Web page includes general from the server, and each time the execution of the script when requested in server combination, update business logic state, returned to the browser. The client Web pages may contain data and forms of business logic, even by browser interpretive execution, and can be associated with client component, such as Java Applet, ActiveX, plug-ins, etc. Directional relationship between through interconnected. This kind of incidence relations structure is “build”.The Web application of the hyperlink representative navigation path, using structural type is link association said. Mark value used to define with hyperlink request for transfer of argument list, Web page using server.In the .NET frame majority establishments is the server carries the Web page, after translation produces the HTML code to transmit the client side browser. Meanwhile, in order to enhance efficiency, for those who did not contain business logic Web pages, they can directly use HTML elements build client Web pages in the.NET framework,3.2 Form modelingForm is the basic Web page input mechanisms, which includes input、 the select and sites such as area input elements, with Form structural type is modeled. The Form no operation, and the interaction of operation is the Web pages containing Form feature. It can be used as an input controls the Applet or ActiveX control association, interact with the operation of a Web page that contains the characteristics of the form. It can be used as a input controls the Applet or ActiveX control association, and also submit the form content to the server carries on processingASP.NET in every page only a form, including all input elements, usually appears as the server controls or client control which server controls by the server Web page language then sent to the client.3.3 Component modelingThe components are divided into the Web application server components and client component two kinds. The server is relatively complicated, usually by the business logic of the intermediate completed, includes a group of business logic encapsulates all already compiled components. Therefore, using layer can not only improve performance, and can share the whole application of business functions. The client Web page common component is a Java Applet and ActiveX, utilize them access to the browser and client of various resources and realize HTML unable to realize functions.The Web application expansion defines “static page” and “dynamic page” two abstract component structural types. “Static brief realize client component. “Brief dynamic the main task is providing mapping at run-time system of physical files and logical views between the logical expressions.3.4 Framework modelingWeb has defined the structure using the expansion frameset and target as well as the incidence relation structure targeted link realizes to the frame modeling. Frameset direct mapping HTML frameset mark. Target expresses current Web the page quotation other Web page or the frame. Targeted link is aims at another Web page the super link, but it must be able to provide in the specific goal. 4. Based on the.NET framework of the Web application development The.NET framework is a method based on the common language programming framework that provides a new programming model: WebForm model and WebService model, it has provided the perfect foundation class storehouse, database visit technology ADO.NET and network development technology ASP.NET, and this has provided the powerful support for the Web application development.4.1 Web pages of realizationThe .NET frame provided the Web Form development model, each kind of server module which in the use inlaid has produced the server to carry the Web page. It can contain some important elements on the page: User Control or Custom Control and so on. User Control uses ascx for extension in .NET framework, so it can be used in multiple Web pages to achieve code reuse. Custom Control is in.NET create or in original controls on modified to add new functions, so as to realize the specific needs of the Control, can be multiple applications calls. 4.2 Web page guidance way The .NET Framework page navigation mode shows the relationship between Web pages, you can use the following four ways. (1) Hyperlink Use HTML hyperlinks can control or HyperLink control links to be possible to realize between pages. HyperLink server control which allows the code to change the NavigateUrl property to construct a concrete goal can be based on the application of the current state of dynamic hyperlinks.(2) Realizes with Response. Redirect When the Response. Redirect () method is called to create HTTP response, which states that the status code 302 (the target has changed) and the new target URL. The browser receiving the response, send a request for the new URL. Namely redirection operation has occurred in the client, involves communication with the server twice.(3) Realizes with Server. TransferThis kind of method turns the performance processes from the current ASPX page to another ASPX page of the same server. But the new pages still use the previous page to create the response stream. URL in the browser will not change completely on the server side redirect. Therefore, this method can avoid unnecessary network traffic to get better performance and view results.(4) Realizes With Server.Execute This method allows the current ASPX page to carry out the appointed ASPX page of same server up, after the appointed ASPX page performance complete, the control process return the position which sends out Server.Execute () in the original page, the page is called can visit transfers pages form data and the inquiry string of character set. In the default situation, the output of the page is called is appended to the current response stream. However, Server.Execute () method has an overloaded method, which allowing through a TextWriter object access is invoked pages of output, rather than directly appended to the output stream. Thus, in the page that be called can be easily adjusted is invoked page output results of position. 4.3 Database operationThe database in the bottom of the Web application deposit system data and logic, such as partial backend database triggers storage process and so on. It separated from business logic and user interface, so its easy to separate management and maintenance, efficiency is high, safety performance is executed. (1)Oracle database operation The .NET frame has provided space that names System.Data.OracleClient and the System.Data.OleDb, and realizes the Oracle database support, among them formerly pertinence is stronger. The database links the string to provide the parameter of the necessity for the conjunction database, usually keeping in install the document of web.config, to simplify the code realization and easy to deployment. The Web application of database access frequently, usually under circumstance, put on the database of various operations integration in a database operation in class, only call such various method in place where need to undertake database operation. (2)In Oracle database LOB object deposit The binary files, pictures, large text of Web application access in the database, usually use a large object (LOB) to implement. The.NET framework provides OracleLob class to accomplish such as BLOB、CLOB、NCLOB in Oracle in data type operation.In Oracle realizes the big section text to store the CLOB field the process to be possible to express is: Increases a CLOB field is empty.clob ( ) the record with the SQL sentence to the database in; Starts business, the record which locking just joined, must read in the CLOB field the content () the method reads in with the class or CLOB Write; Submission business completes to CLOB field read-in; In Oracle is relatively simple to the CLOB categorical datas read process, does not need to carry on locking to the database record：Carries out the SQL sentence to obtain the OracleDataReader object; OracleDataReader object with GetOracleLob ( ) method gets to read CLOB field OracleLob object, OracleLob object with Read ( ) method or the flow of reading the content of CLOB field;5. Introduction of ASP.NET For years, the Active Server Pages (ASP) technology was arguably the leading choice for web developers building dynamic web sites on Windows web servers, as it offered flexible yet powerful scripting capabilities. Early in 2002, Microsoft released a new technology for Internet development called ASP.NET. ASP.NET represents a leap forward from ASP both in its sophistication and the productivity gains it achieves for developers. It continues to offer flexibility in terms of language support, but rather than a range of simple scripting languages, several fully-fledged programming languages are now at the fingertips of ASP.NET developers. Development in ASP.NET requires not only an understanding of HTML and web design, but also a firm grasp of the concepts of object oriented programming and development.5.1 What is ASP.NET？ASP is one kind of server end script technology that can make the inserting homepage the script to be possible to carry out by the Internet server. ASP.NET is next generation ASP, but cannot be called ASP.NET for ASP the promotion edition, but ASP.NET is the brand-new server carries the ASP script. ASP.NET is one kind of procedure skeleton that can establish in the general purpose language, it can use in a Web server establishing the formidable Web application procedure. ASP.NET provides more strong advantage than Web development model it is now.ASP.NET is a server-side technology; that is, it runs on the web server. Most web designers start their careers learning client-side technologies like HTML, JavaScript, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). When a web browser requests a web page created with only client-side technologies, the web server simply grabs the files that the browser (or client) requests and sends them down the line. The client is entirely responsible for reading the markup in those files and interpreting that markup to display the page on the screen.Server-side technologies, like ASP.NET, are different. Instead of being interpreted by the client, server-side code (for example, the code in an ASP.NET page) is interpreted by the web server. In the case of ASP.NET, the code in the page is read by the server and used to generate HTML, JavaScript, and CSS that is then sent to the browser. Since the processing of the ASP.NET code occurs on the server, its called a server-side technology.5.2 Characteristic of ASP.NET Enhancement performanceThe ASP.NET movement translates the good common language movement storehouse code which moves on the server. ASP.NET may using early binding, the real-time translation, this aircraft optimize with the out-of-the-box buffer service, Then this was equal to before compiling the line of code obviously enhanced the performance.World-class tool supportThe ASP.NET frame has supplemented the massive toolboxes and the design in the Visual Studio integrated development environment. The WYSIWYG edition, drags and drop and drops the server to control and the automatic deployment is only this powerful tool provides in the function the minority several kinds.Formidable and flexibilityBecause the common language runtime-based ASP.NET, so Web applicatio