高三英语二轮复习非谓语动词学案.doc

高三英语组高考二轮复习学案 高三英语第二轮复习学案 编号：0118Unit 2 非谓语动词考点一：非谓语动词作主语动词不定式和动名词可用作句子的主语。不定式表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作；动名词表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或动名词置于后面。To get up early is necessary.Its not easy to work out the problem.Finding work is difficult these days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.考点二：非谓语动词作宾语动词不定式和动名词可用作宾语。afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。He failed to attract her e，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like her.admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等动词后要接动名词作宾语。I admit breaking the window.burst out，cant stand，end up，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have agood/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等短语后要接动名词作宾语。 He didnt want to end up going home alone.下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义上有所不同。Remember to post the letter for me on your way to school.请你在上学的路上记住替我把这封信寄出去。I remember turning off the light before I left the office.我记得在离开办公室前关上了灯。动词like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但如表示经常性的动作要用动名词，如表示具体的行为要用不定式。I like swimming，but I dont like to swim this afternoon.注：在prefer.to.结构中用动名词，而在prefer.rather than.结构中则用不定式。I prefer walking there to taking a bus.I prefer to walk there rather than take a bus.动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.形容词worth后要接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。The Summer Palace is worth visiting.The Summer Palace is worthy of being visited/to be visited.介词后一般要接动名词作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。Upon arriving at the airport，he delivered an important speech.It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.动词如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。 He found it difficult to work out the problem.考点三：非谓语动词作宾语补足语动词不定式和分词用作宾语补足语。tell,want,wish,advise,order,get,require, expect, remind,persuade,encourage, convince, force, beg, allow, forbid等动词后可接不定式作宾语补足语。My doctor advised me to take a rest.使役动词have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。I like him because he makes me laugh.感官动词feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe，listen to，look at等后面可接不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。Did you notice anyone go into the house?have，keep，leave，find，catch，send等动词后可接现在分词作宾语补足语。She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.want, like, wish, order, have, make, get, keep,leave,see,hear,find,feel,notice,observe,watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 I wish the office painted white before I move in.考点四：非谓语动词作定语动词不定式、动名词和分词可用作定语。不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。I have a lot of things to do today.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.不定式作定语时有时要用主动形式表示被动意思。Do you have anything to take home?动名词作定语通常表示中心词的用途。He had a very expensive walking stick.现在分词作定语，通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系，且分词动作正在发生；过去分词则表示被动关系，且分词动作已经完成或陈述中心词的状态。Do you know the man talking to Tom?Do you know all the people invited to the party?All the broken windows have been repaired.考点五：非谓语动词作状语动词不定式和分词可用作状语。不定式可用作目的状语。He sat down to have a rest.不定式在下列结构中作结果状语。adj./adv.enoughto do.tooadj./adv.to do.soadj./adv.as to do.He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.不定式可用来表示意想不到的结果，还可用only to do结构。He left，never to return.He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。To be honest，I know nothing about it.分词可用作时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语。当分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系时，用现在分词；如是被动关系，要用过去分词。She got home，feeling exhausted.She got home, exhausted.现在分词还可作评注性状语，表示说话人的态度，此时现在分词与句子的主语无关。常见的说法有:generally speaking“一般来说”；frankly speaking“坦白地说”；judging from.“根据来判断”；considering.“考虑到”等。Judging from his accent，he is Canadian.考点六：非谓语动词作表语动词不定式、动名词和分词可用作表语。The first step is to check the victims breathing.My hobby is growing flowers.This experience is thrilling.He was thrilled at the sight of the scene.高频考点：考点七：非谓语动词的几种特殊结构不定式的复合结构“for/of名词(代词)不定式”构成不定式的复合结构。Its expensive for people to use electricity for cooking.Its careless of you to make such a mistake.动名词的复合结构动名词之前有时要加上自己的逻辑主语构成复合结构，逻辑主语可用名词的所有格或物主代词，有时也可用名词或宾格代词。I cant imagine George sailing across the ocean in a boat.My coming back home late made my mother very angry.分词的独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,就要给分词加上自己的主语,构成独立主格结构。Weather permitting，well play golf this afternoon.Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.“疑问词不定式”结构When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.with的复合结构In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.With five minutes to go before the last train left，we arrived at the station.考点八：非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态He refused to be taken abroad.It happened to be raining hard when the accident occurred.He is generally considered to have invented the telephone.No harm seems to have been done.动名词的时态和语态He went away without saying anything.He narrowly escaped being drowned.Im sorry for having wasted so much of your time.I forgot having been given a Christmas gift years ago.现在分词的时态和语态Not knowing her address，I wasnt able to contact her.I saw him being taken away when I passed by his house.Having bought our tickets，we went into the theatre.Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.高考链接：A组2010年1(全国卷)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. Abuy Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought2(全国卷)Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. Asurprise B was surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised3(北京卷)_ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. ALooking BLook CTo look DLooked 4(四川卷)A great number of students _ said they were forced to practice the piano. Ato question Bto be questioned Cquestioned Dquestioning5.(四川卷)In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _. Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with6(安徽卷)He had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the world. Atravel Bto travel Ctraveled Dtraveling7(江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting_. Ato discover Bto be discovered Cdiscovered Dbeing discovered 8(湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help? Acalling Bcall Cto call Dcalled9(湖南卷)Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. Astruggling Bstruggled Chaving struggled Dto struggle10(福建卷)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. Asticking Bstuck Cto be stuck Dto have stuck11(浙江卷)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. Abeing weighed Bto weigh Cweighed DWeighing12(辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles. Ato recognize Brecognizing Crecognize Drecognized13(山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. Alaid Blaying Cto lay Dbeing laid14(陕西卷)_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeen BSeeing CHave seen DTo see15(天津卷)It rained heavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces. Acaused Bhaving caused Ccausing Dto cause B组2009年1(全国卷)Now that weve discussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions _？ Ataking Btake Ctaken Dto take2(四川卷)Ladies and gentlemen，please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. Aseated Bseating Cto seat Dseat3(天津卷) _ the project in time，the staff were working at weekends. ACompeting BHaving completed CTo have completed DTo complete4(山东卷)We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. Ato be held Bheld Cbeing held Dholding5(江西卷) _ the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. AGiving BHaving given CTo give DGiven6(浙江卷)There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. Aindicate Bindicating Cto indicate Dto be indicating7(湖南卷)Every evening after dinner，if not _ from work，I will spend some time walking my dog. Abeing tired BTiring Ctired Dto be tired8(湖南卷)At the age of 29，Dave was a worker，_ in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. Aliving；wondering Blived；wondering Clived；wondered Dliving；wondered9(福建卷) _ not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. AReminding BReminded CTo remind DHaving reminded10(陕西卷)I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. Ato take Bto be taken Ctaking Dbeing taken课堂巩固练习：1Bluetooth is an internationally standardized technology _ short distance wireless communication.AsupportingBsupported Cto support Dsupports2All flights _ because of the snowstorm，many passengers could do nothing but take the train.Ahad been canceled Bhave been canceled Chaving been canceled Dbeing canceled3Studies show the electronic devices people have made much use of _ music may be causing hearing loss in many people. Aenjoy Bto enjoy Cenjoying Denjoyed4Have you ever heard of an American president called Chester Arthur?No，and hes not mentioned in my history book at all. He seems _.Ato have been completely forgotten Bhaving completely forgottenCto have completely forgotten Dcompletely forgetting5More than 120 proTaleban militants and five Pakistani soldiers are said _ during the fighting in the past week.Ato die Bto be dying Cto be died Dto have died6When the spy gave the secret plan to Jane，she said that Tom was the person _.Ato send Bfor sending it Cto send it to Dfor sending it to7Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan beforehand.Ahis being not able Bhim not to be able Chis not being able Dhim to be not able8_ the public schools with the private schools，the guidebook gives us a clear idea about the differences between them.AHaving compared BCompared CTo compare DTo be compared9Last Monday，a violent crime broke out in that country，_ 14 innocent people and with more than 200 _.Akilled；injured Bkilling；injured Ckilled；injuring Dkilling；injuring10“I wont have it _ that we are responsible for Mr. Wangs death. Its unfair！” the director told the reporters.Asaid Bsaying Cto say Dsays11_ that her mother would come back soon，the girl calmed down.AHaving convinced BBeing convincedCConvincing DConvinced12Hillary Clinton arrived in Beijing yesterday, _ the start of her short visit to China. Amarked Bhaving marked Cmarking Dto mark13Such a chance，once _，might never come again.Alosing Bbeing lost Clost Dto be lost14Id rather have a house of my own than _ one with someone else，no matter how small it is.Ato share Bsharing Cshare Dhave shared15_ by a greater demand for green products，the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.ADriven BBeing driven CTo drive DHaving driven16Whats the matter with Tim?Oh. His electronic dictionary was left in a taxi accidentally，never _ again.Ato find Bto be found Cfinding Dbeing found17We rushed to the football court，only to see a sign _ into the ground reading PERIODIC MAINTENANCE (定期维修)Aknocked Bknocking Cto be knocked Dbeing knocked18Henry cant attend the party _ at Toms house at present because he is preparing tomorrows presentation.Ahold Bto hold Cto be held Dbeing held19Try _ the green bu