高中英语语法虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气看句子，寻规律If Iwereyou, I would not go.我要是你，我就不会去。If I were in school again, I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会更加努力。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你当时听了我的话，你现在就会好多了。虚拟语气 是什么？虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断依据：与事实相反或不大可能会发生一、If引导的虚拟语气辨别：if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.怎么用？1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could + have done If I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句：if+主语+were to do if+主语+should + do if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could + doIf she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）用法规律总结： 从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去） 与现在和将来相反时，主句的时态是一致的,从句有一种情况也是一致的。表格if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1. 行为动词用did 形式2. be动词用wereShould/would/could/ might + 动词原形与过去的事实相反had + doneShould/would/could/ might + have done与将来的事实相反1. 行为动词用did2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形Should/would/could/ might + 动词原形 特殊情况：混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2. If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3. If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.5. If he had listened to me, he _ be in such trouble now.A. haventB. would notC. had notD. would havent省略if，构成倒装：当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.小试牛刀1. You did not let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. Drove; didnt get B. Drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meet. A. Would B. Should C. Were D. Will3. If they _ us, we would not come here now. A. had informed B. informed C. informs D. have informed4. _ he would have succeeded in the examination.A. Had he worked hardB. If he worked hardC. If he works hardD. If he has worked hard5. _ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.A. ShouldB. BeC. WereD. Will 二、wish 虚拟语气wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜；.就好了；悔不该；但愿”。 (同as if 的用法)wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时(与wish同时发生)过去时(were)过去时(在wish之前发生)动词用had done将来时(在wish之后发生)would /should do（类比if 虚拟语气的用法记忆）1. I wish I knew the key to the answer.2. I wish I were ten years younger.3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. sawB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see5. I wish that the rain _ stop.A. willB. wouldC mayD. can三、情态动词+虚拟语气should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”should/ could / might not + have done 表示“过去本不应该/可以做而实际上做了”ought not to + have done 表示“过去本不应该做而实际上做了”neednt have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”1. Wang Fang _ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldnt take the examinations because of a sudden illness.A. could go B did goC. could have goneD. must have gone2. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will giveB. would have goneC. must giveD. should have gone3. I could have done better if I _ more time.A. have hadB. hadC. had hadD. will have had4. He _ told you that.A. needs not haveB. neednt haveC. neednt hasD. will have had5. You _ it to your father. Why not？ A. would tellB. should tellC. would have toldD. should have told6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you _ us know.A. shall have letB. had letC. have had letD. should have let 三、表示命令或建议表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形，should可省略。1. The teacher insisted that every student _ every other line.A. writesB. writeC. would writeD. wrote2. Jacks father insists _ in this hotel.A. not stayingB not to stayC. that he not stayD. staying not3. They insisted that you _ them a quick answer.A. should giveB. gaveC. must giveD. would give4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey特殊情况：1）suggest 表建议时，从句用should + do，表“说明、暗示”时， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.4. I suggested a meeting _ to discuss the matter.A. will be heldB. would be heldC. should holdD. be held5. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A. didnt agreeB. hadnt agreedC. wouldnt agreeD. shouldnt agree2）insist 表示“坚持要去做，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do，表示 “坚持表明，坚持说/解释”， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didnt believe.A. hadnt spokenB. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speakD. not speak2. He insisted that we _ the boy to hospital.A. takeB. tookC. would takeD. will take3. He insisted that he _ our car.A. should stealB. would stealC. hadnt stolenD. steal虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。1. His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question again.2. My advice is that we should start at five tomorrow morning.3. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. giveB. should giveC. be givenD. would be given4. Their demand is that their wages _ increased by 20%.A. beB. shouldC. will beD. must be5. It is suggested that the meeting _ place at 8 oclock.A. be taken B. takeC. would takeD. should be taken四、It is + adj +that 从句在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型， 或should 省略。如：it is necessaryt/natural/strange/surprising/impossible/a great pity that1. It is really surprising that the girl _ so early.A. has married B. had marriedC. marryD. will marry2.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.A. will beB. areC. should be D. be3. He has been studying so hard. It is natural that he _ tomorrow exam.A. passed B. have passedC. will beD should pass【模拟试题】1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be2. If I _ you, Id join the army.A. amB. wasC. wereD. would be3. If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comesB. will comeC. should comeD. come4. If it _ next week , the crops would be saved.A. rainsB. will rainsC. would rainD. should rain5. If