Unit4单元检测（北师大版必修5）

.完形填空In 1981, bullets (子弹) screamed through the air towards the 40th President of the United States.While others ran for_1_, Tim McCarthy stood still looking directly at his_2_death with strong determination.Tim was shot in the chest and President Reagan survived.It is perhaps the_3_thing you can do to give your life for your friends.It is also one of the_4_acts of history as people seldom do this.Jason Dunham was a soldier in the United States.The story begins with Jason as he was talking with the men in his army.They_5_whether a person could jump on a grenade (手榴弹) and survive by putting it under his helmet.Deep down they all_6_that it was almost impossible.Unfortunately for Jason Dunham, the situation arrived just a few weeks later.However, _7_for his men, Jason Dunham was there.In this life and death situation, there is no_8_to think.There are only seconds to fight or_9_.Performing above and beyond the call of duty, Jason chose to fight.He threw his helmet and_10_over the grenade and died for his friends.What causes men and women to_11_their lives for another? It takes a lot.First and foremost, it takes the_12_that life isnt about you.It is about making a difference, about having a(n)_13_and about giving.It is better to give than receive.It is honorable to_14_the lives and wellbeing of others above yourself.Making an effect on the world is not always about recognition, power, money or_15_gain.Sometimes the biggest success is one who gives himself up so others can succeed.That is the mark of the highest achiever.【文章大意】Tim为了救总统而奋不顾身, Jason为了挽救其他士兵的性命而扑向即将爆炸的手榴弹. 他们为了拯救别人而宁愿牺牲个人, 他们是可敬的. 1A.coverBhomeChelp Dmoney解析: 选A. 对比Tim的行为可知, 与之不同的是, 很多人跑向躲避物寻求保命. 2A.terrible BarrangedCpotential Dselected解析: 选C. 根据后句内容可知, Tim为了救总统而奋不顾身, 可见他面对的是“可能的死亡”. 3A.strangest BgreatestCluckiest Dquickest解析: 选B. 根据末段内容可知, 这里指为朋友献出自己的生命是最伟大的. 4A.rare BmodernCpopular Dordinary解析: 选A. 根据句中as people seldom do this可知, 这种高尚的行为并不常见. 5A.noticed BexpectedCwondered Dremembered解析: 选C. 根据句中whether从句可知, 士兵们想知道问题的答案. 6A.guessed BknewCrecognized Dheard解析: 选B. 根据常识和it was almost impossible可知, 士兵们都知道不被炸死几乎是不可能的. 7A.curiously BeagerlyCfortunately Dangrily解析: 选C. 根据前句Unfortunately for Jason Dunham和本句中However可以得出答案. 8A.room BconditionCposition Dtime解析: 选D. 根据后句中There are only seconds 可以得出答案. 9A.escape BdisappearCstay Dexplain解析: 选A. 根据语境可知, 在这种生死关头, 只有做出决定的时间, 是战斗还是逃跑. 10A.hands BbulletsCbody Dgun解析: 选C. 根据句中died for his friends 可知, 他把帽盔扔出去, 并且扑了上去. 11A.bend down Bfall downCturn down Dlay down解析: 选D. 这里用lay down their lives, 相当于give their lives. 12A.guess BrealizationCargument Ddream解析: 选B. 根据句中life isnt about you可知, 这是一个人所意识到的. 13A.fortune BchoiceCwish Dinfluence解析: 选D. 根据末段Making an effect on the world可以得出答案. 14A.view BliveCrise Ddrive解析: 选A. 根据前句It is better to give than receive.可推断, 把别人的生命和健康看得比自己的重是可敬的, 故用view. 15A.formal BpersonalCusual Dmental解析: 选B. 本句是从个人的角度来说的, 这里指取得个人成绩. .语法填空 Robotic teachers, who never get angry or make critical remarks, have been a hit with pupils in some South Korean schools, a government report said.Elementary school children responded 1._(positive) to the robotic teachers, the Ministry of Knowledge Economy said, citing a survey made2._educational researchers.Englishteaching robots were sent to three provincial schools for eight weeks starting in late December.And programmable electronic robots, 3._teach maths, science and art, were used in 10 Seoul schools for five weeks from November.The researchers found that the Englishteaching robots raised the interest of students in the language and improved4._confidence.The robots are controlled remotely by an English teacher and are equipped5._a microphone and video camera.Autonomous units use voicerecognition software6._(interact) with children.The government has expressed interest in robots to give rural school children7._(many) learning opportunities than before.“The machines inspired creativity and had a positive influence on the attitude of students, ”8._ministry official proudly told the media.Nowadays, officials in charge of the project9._(work) to improve the quality of robot teaching10._solve some small problems before any decision to expand their use is made.【文章大意】韩国政府发布一份报告称, 该国在其部分学校试行的机器人老师受到学生们的热捧. 1解析: 此处需要填入一个副词修饰动词respond, 故应用positive的副词形式positively. 答案: positively2解析: 介词by在此处意为“由”, 跟动词的过去分词made连用, 说明make动作的发出者. 答案: by3解析: 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词robots, 并在从句中作主语. 答案: which4解析: their在此处指代上文提到的students. 答案: their5解析: be equipped with为固定搭配, 意为“装配；配备”. 答案: with6解析: 本句中动词不定式to interact作目的状语. 答案: to interact7解析: 根据句中的than及句意可知, 此处应用many的比较级形式. 答案: more8解析: official作“官员”讲时为可数名词, 且此处无特指, 故应用不定冠词a. 答案: a9解析: 根据句中的时间状语nowadays及句意可知, work这个动作是officials in charge of the project在现阶段正在进行的一个动作, 故应用现在进行时. 答案: are working10解析: to improve the quality of robot teaching 和(to)solve some small problems为两个并列的不定式短语, 故应用and连接. 为避免重复, 第二个不定式短语中的不定式符号to被省略. 答案: and.阅读理解Male cichlids are mainly freshwater fish that may go after other fish which dare cross their path.A male cichlid will even lunge even if “the other fish” happens to be himself: When some types of these cichlids see their own reflections in a mirror, they respond as aggressively as when they encounter a real fish opponent.A new study suggests that even though these two situations may look the same, a fishs brain actually reacts differently in each case.That doesnt mean, however, that the fish recognizes itself.Researchers from Stanford University recently studied male cichlids that fight their own reflections.The team observed that the part of the brain associated with fear and other negative emotions becomes active when the fish fight their mirror images.According to Julie KDesjardins, one of the scientists who worked on the study, the scientists are not sure that the fish are afraid of themselves.Even if it is not fearful, the fish is having a negative response, she told Science News.The researchers did not observe a difference in the behaviors of fish going after other fish and with fish going after their own reflections.However, when they looked in the fishs brain, using a technique called immediate early gene (IEG) expression, they found a difference.With this technique, the scientists watched particular genes in the fish that were associated with particular regions of the brain.Measuring IEG helped the scientists to determine which areas of the brain were more active than others.When a male cichlid went after its own reflection, the scientists found that the fish brain was especially active in a region similar to the amygdala (a small structure in the brain) but when it went after other fish, it didnt have the same activity in its amygdala region.In human beings and other animals, the amygdala is associated with fear and other negative emotions.Using IEG expression to study fear in fish is new and unusual, but some older studies have shown similar results in other animals.Monkeys, for example, have been shown not to recognize themselvesbut they do act differently around their own reflections than they do around other monkeys.【文章大意】美国研究人员发现, 无论面对真鱼还是镜子中的自己, 被测试的鱼都会和对方搏斗；通过对其脑部的检测进一步发现, 两种情形下鱼的反应不尽相同. 1The underlined word “lunge” in Paragraph 1 is the closest in meaning to“_”Aattack BmoveCrelax Dfeel解析: 选A. 词义猜测题. 根据第一段中的语境, 尤其是go after和aggressively可推断, 答案为A. 2The reflections of male cichlids may cause_.Aother fish to fight backBthem to fight against other fishCa difference in their behaviorDtheir brain to respond with negative feelings解析: 选D. 细节理解题. 根据第二段Even if it is not fearful, the fish is having a negative response.可知, 答案为D. 3What do we know about IEG from the passage?AScientists use it to find the amygdala in the brain of a fish.BIts a tool to detect the brain activity in a species.CIts a technology specially developed to study fish.DIt helps scientists to decide what the fish exactly think.解析: 选B. 细节理解题. 根据第三段Measuring IEG helped the scientists to determine which areas of the brain were more active than others.可知, 答案为B. 4Compared to male cichlids, when monkeys are around their own reflections, they_.Acan recognize themselvesBshow a difference in their behaviorCdont show fear so constantlyDfight back more severely解析: 选B. 细节理解题. 根据末段.but they do act differently around their own reflections.可知, 答案为B. 5Whats the passage mainly about?AA new study on fish and monkeys behavior.BCharacteristics of a kind of interesting fish.CA study on male cichlids response to their reflections.DA useful technique to check fishs brain.解析: 选C. 主旨大意题. 本文主要是关于male cichlids和它们的映像的研究, 故答案为C. .信息匹配阅读下列应用文及相关信息, 并按照要求匹配信息. 下面是一些奖学金的详细信息. AThe Endeavour Awards provides the opportunity for citizens of the AsiaPacific and Middle East areas to study and research in Australia.A smaller number of awards are available (可得到的) to citizens from Europe and America.BDorothy Harris Endowed Scholarship provides female graduate students in Physical Education, Sports Management, Sports Psychology and Sports Sociology with a way to attend graduate school.Any female, American citizen, graduate students who will be chasing a course of study at an officially recognized postgraduate (研究生的) institution is eligible (有资格的) to apply for the Scholarship.C. Carolina Rice Scholarship. To be eligible, you must attend high school in the areas of: New York, Chicago, Miami Dade and Broward Counties, Los Angeles and Orange County, or San Francisco. Since its foundation, this program has awarded more than $700,000 to high school seniors, earning the respect of teachers and administrators throughout the country.D. Australian Development Scholarship equips students with the skills and knowledge to influence the development outcomes of their country. Students are required to work in their country for two years after they have completed their studies to apply these skills.E. The Scholastic Art & Writing Awards is the largest and most influential arts recognition program in the United States. All students in grades 712 currently enrolled (登记)in a public or nonpublic school in the United States and Canada, have the chance to apply for the award.Awards are available in 10 writing categories and 16 art categories.Publishing opportunities may be available for winning students in both art and writing categories.F. Australian Leadership Awards is offered to high achievers from the AsiaPacific area. Study programs must relate to AusAIDs (澳大利亚国际开发署的) areas of disability, economic growth, education, the environment, food security, governance, health, human rights, infrastructure, regional stability, rural development, and water.仔细阅读下面学生的相关信息, 请为他们选择适合申请的奖学金. 1. Miss.Black who has been doing research about the human rights wants to get her doctor degree in Australia. She likes nature and atmosphere of the country. She thinks the relationship between humans and nature will help her get into her own research.2. Born in a poor village in Vietnam, Ken is eager to grasp more knowledge to change his own fate. However, his family is not able to afford his college tuition. What the boy is dreaming of now is to learn more knowledge and use it to develop his motherland.3. Living in a small country in the Middle East, Brains is looking forward to exploring the world himself one day.With high scores in high school, he is planning to study abroad to experience more excellent life. Australia is his first choice.4. At the age of six Jack wrote his first short fiction novel which was published by a local newspaper. Now he is a 14yearold boy who has written more than 5 novels. To everyones surprise, although he spends much time writing, he is still one of the best students in his school in a Canadian city.5. Jane was called “wind” by her primary, schoolmates because she almost won all the golden medals of all the races in her school sports mee