高三英语一轮复习 解题策略16 阅读理解之篇章结构题课件 新人教版.ppt

走向高考 英语 路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索 人教版 课标卷地区 高考总复习 基础知识聚焦 第一部分 解题策略 十六 阅读理解之篇章结构题 第一部分 把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章主题 在近几年的高考英语试题中出现了专门考查文章结构和写作手法的考题 如安徽卷中的任务型读写题 江苏卷中的任务型阅读题和湖南卷中的填空题就考查了考生对文章结构的理解 北京卷 陕西卷 重庆卷在近几年的阅读理解中也比较注重对文章结构的考查 在 考试大纲 中也明确要求考生 理解文章的基本结构 高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次 一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构 二是按写作方法 论证方法 理解文章的结构 命题形式 whichofthefollowingshowstheorganization structureofthepassage howisthepassageorganized thepassageismainlydevelopedby whatistherightorderofthestepsindoing thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby 应试策略 把握全文的逻辑框架 理解段落与段落之间的逻辑关系 理解段落内论点与论据 细节与主题之间的关系 掌握常见的写作方法 时间顺序 空间顺序 例证关系 对比关系等 和结构 总 分 总 分 总 分 总等 结合不同文体全面考虑 典例1 2013 陕西 accordingtosociologists 社会学家 everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification 阶层 class powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople srankinsociety classmeansaperson seconomicpositioninsociety acommonlyusedclassificationislowerclass middleclassandupperclass whilesociologistsdisagreeonhowthesetermsshouldbeexactlydefined theydodescribesocietiesliketheunitedstatesquitewell onestudyshowsthat53 ofamericansbelongtothelowerclass 46 themiddleclass and1 theupperclass interestingly asurgeonearning 500 000ayearandabusdriverearning 50 000ayearbothregardthemselvesasthemiddleclass powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople obviously peopleinpositionsofgreatpower suchasgovernors exercise 行使 bigpower butpeoplewhotakeordersfromothershavelesspower powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand however forexample thegovernorofastatehasgreatpower butheorshemaynotbelongtoacorresponding 相应的 economicclass generally however thereisarelationshipbetweenpowerandclass toourknowledge therearen ttoomanypeoplewhoaren tmillionairesintheu s senate statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoaperson spositioninsociety itcanalsobeaffectedbypowerandclass butnotnecessarilyso forexample auniversityprofessormayhaveahighstatusbutnotbelongtoahighsocialclassorhavealotofpoweroverothers 56 whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext 答案 a根据文章的结构来看 文章在第一段总述了 class powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople srankinsociety 然后在其余三段分述 故选a 典例2 2013 江西 wheninternationalaidisgiven stepsmustbetakentoensure 确保 thattheaidreachesthepeopleforwhomitisintended thewaytoachievethismaynotbesimple itisverydifficultforanationtogivehelpdirectlytopeopleinanothernation theunitednationsorganization uno couldundertaketodirectthedistributionofaid herehoweverrisestheproblemofcosts alsotiedwiththisistime perhapstheunocouldsetupabodyofdevotedmenandwomenineverycountrywhocanspeedilydistributeaidtovictimsoffloodsandearthquakes morethanthehelpthatonenationcangivetoanotherduringadisaster itwouldbemoreeffectivetogiveotherformsofhelpduringnormaltimes acommonproverbsays givemeafishandieatforaday teachmetofishandieatforalifetime ifwefollowthiswisesaying itwouldberighttoteachpeoplefromlessdevelopednationstotakecareofthemselves forexample acountrycouldshareitstechnologywithanother thiscouldbeinsimpleareaslikeagricultureorinmorecomplexareaslikemedicalandhealthcareoreveninbuildingsatellites evenasmallcountryisabletohelplessd