外刊经贸知识选读模拟测试.doc

外刊经贸知识选读 模拟测试一I. Choose one answer the best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them (30%)1. As Europes economy soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges. ( B )A. improved B. worsened C. strengthened D. reinforced2. A commodity breakdown of Chinas trade shows that fuels accounted for 24% of total exports in 1982, food products for 13%, textile fibres and mineral ores for 7% and manufactured goods for 55%. (C )A. failure B. collapse C. record D. classification3. This is stimulating a very large spin-off in terms of an influx of people requiring accommodation and services. ( A )A. inflow B. input C. item D. inbox4. Nakasone gives every sign of being sincere in his desire to reduce a Japanese surplus in trade with the US that hit 36.8 billion dollars in 1984 and could soon top 50 billion. (C )A. on the top of B. head C. increase to D. increase by5. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication, Koreas expectations for a better life are high and rising fast. ( B )A. copes with B. is full of C. accelerates D. reserves6. America objected to that , and asked whether the proposed “direct payment” were not really production subsidies in disguise. ( A )A. a deceptive covering B. different approaches C. related problems D. over the past few decades7. By Jan. 1 we will have passed 95% of what we sought in 1986 to create the single market, and much of that will already have been translated into national law. BA. turned up B. changed C. concluded D. fulfilled8. Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge, much as the United States did against Japan. DA. ritual B. side C. balance D. advantage9. If European arent bursting to give the single market a coming out of the party, it may simply be that markets arent the kinds of things people gush about. AA. eager to B. pouring C. exploding D. breaking10. Jean-Pierre Soisson, the farm minister, has said France may block the ECs acceptance of a new farm-trade deal, and thereby wreck the round. DA. deny B. stand C. insist D. ruin11. In Californias Silicon Valley Koos white-frocked research scientists delve into the mysteries of state-of-the-art semiconductor technology. ( C )A. artistic B. fashion C. the most advanced D. unveiling12. Such opportunities come too rarely to be squandered. ( A )A. wasted B. spurt C. squabbled D. cherished13. Now, with China poised to join the WTO, the pattern is repeating higher on the technology ladder. BA. posed B. was ready C. balanced D. supported 14. International traders forecast bleak outlook this year for the grain production for the bad weather. ( D )A. bright B. so-so C. encouraging D. discouraging15. The falls in platinum and gold was aggravated by the withdrawal of investment support as the dollar regained ground.( B )A. improved B worsen C. eliminated D. increasedII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese (10%)16. trade reprisal 贸易报复17. trade balance 贸易差额18. OPEC 石油输出国组织19. on a conservative estimate 据保守估计20. hard sell 强行推销21. barter 易货贸易22. infrastructure 基础设施23. import quota 进口限额24. countervailing duty 反补贴税25. carbon tax 双重税III. Translate the following phrases into English (10%)26. 补偿贸易 compensation trade27. 经营机制 operation mechanisms28. 利率 interest rate29. 市场份额 market share30. 倾销 dumping31. 经济封锁 economic blockade32. 知识产权 intellectual property right33. 贴现率 discount rate34. 利润汇款 profit-remittance35. 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatmentIV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English: (24%)Passage 1 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT, is a multilateral treaty between governments, which is concerned with international trade. It came into operation on January 1, 1948. in the 1930s, when the world was suffering from an intense economic depressions, many governments attempted to seek shelter behind various kinds of protective barriers: high tariff protection, quota restriction on imports, exchange controls, and so on. It became evident during the Second World War that these restrictions might become permanently fastened upon the world unless resolute attempts were made to dismantle and outlaw them. The GATT is today the major result of efforts, which were made in this direction.36. Could you explain the term GATT in your own worlds? It is a multilateral treaty between governments, which is concerned with international trade. It came into operation on January 1, 1948.37. Why did people decide to set up the GATT? It was held with view to warding off an overall trade war triggered off by trade protectionism in the 1930s, which led to a global great slump.38. What was necessary to do during the WWII for the world economy according to this passage?It was necessary to demolish the trade protectionism; otherwise, it might restrict the world economy permanently.Passage 2Even though Enron shareholders have been essentially wiped out, Ken Lay isnt going to the poorhouse. Unlike Enron employees whose retirement accounts have been vaporized because they consisted largely of Enron stock the company wouldnt let them sell, Lay has plenty of wealth left. Last year alone, he made $123 million of profit on stock options, according to Enron filings. This year he has made an additional $25 million or so. Note: on Friday with its stock at around 30 cents, Enron changed its policy and allowed employees to sell it.Ironically, what brought down Enron from its lofty perch on the Fortune 500 list (No. 7) is that the markets, whose virtue it preached, lost faith in it after it disclosed funny dealings with a partnership run by its chief financial officer.Enron, a major trader of electricity and natural gas, grossed $200 billion a year and had $60 billion assets, but turned out to be a bubble. Its business depended on borrowing lots of money. People lined up to lend as long as Enron seemed healthy. When suspicious arose six weeks ago after the company revealed its partnership problems, money trickled away. Then it started leaving in a flood. As Enron tottered, it lot trading business.39. What changes did Enron make towards the policy of its shareholders?At first, the company would not allow the employee shareholders to sell their shares, but after it tumbled at around 30 cents, Enron changed its policy and allowed its employees to sell it.40. According to the passage, what happened to the retirement accounts of Enrons most employees?Most Enron employees retirement accounts have actually disappeared because they consisted largely of Enron stock that the company would not let them sell. When the company did allow them to sell the stock, it is almost worthless.41. Why did the author say Enron “turned out to be a bubble”?Because Enron used to enjoy a very good reputation. It was on the Fortune 500 list (No.7). Its business depended on borrowing a lot of money. It had serious partnership problems. When suspicious arose, investment money ran away from Enron and it lost trading business.V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (15%)Passage 1Russia, China and India are in control of their destinies. Their average incomes are 5 to 10 times higher than incomes in the poor countries. They participate vigorously in world trade, although Russia less than the others. They, in fact and theory (theory for the most part, in Indias and Russias cases), are open to foreign investment. Their cultures cherish education, hard work and at least the goal of honesty in business and government-qualities essential for rapid economic growth. One final parallel: China, India and Russia are just getting started on the reform road, and it is always easiest to sprint when coming off the start line.The economies in Japan and Hong Kong got going right after World War II. The other Asian tigers, such as Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia, joined the race in the 1960s. China climbed onto the course only after 1979, and very cautiously at first. India gave up on socialism, and Russia on communism, only in 1991. Now the three big latecomers are enjoying a period in which intelligent imitation of their predecessors can yield decades of very rapid growth.42. Russia, China and India are participating equally vigorously in world trade according to the passage. ( F)43. The author implied that India and Russia havent been very open to foreign investment. (T )44. There are similar positive cultural values among Russia, China and India. ( T)45. Its implied that Russia, China and India will do better in the future since their ascendancy has just started. ( T )46. In developing their countries economy, the above-mentioned three countries didnt learn their lessons from the predecessors. ( F )Passage 2What unquestionably pushed the Swiss banks into limiting secrecy was the huge financial scandal involving the Credit Swiss: one of Switzerlands “big three” banks. The notoriety of the affair badly tarnished the Swiss banks image of stability and honesty.The scandal came to light when the Credit Swiss Bank revealed that the manager of one of its major branches in Chiasso, near the Italian border, had been involved in secret, unauthorized deals. These had resulted in gigantic losses to the bank. Some estimated the eventual figure might reach $ 300 million or more.An important result of the Credit Swiss fiasco was that the Swiss banks were forced to tighten their rules and formalize their behavior regarding banking secrecy. As we have already mentioned, pressure to reform the system had been building up for years. It needed this debacle to tip the banks towards reform. The Swiss Director General of the National Bank was undoubtedly right when he stated publicly that Switzerlands status as a banking center was based not on numbered accounts, but on the social and economic stability of the country.47. The final push towards the reform was given by the huge financial scandal which resulted in very big losses to the Credit Swiss, one of the biggest three banks of Switzerland. ( T )48. The scandal was discovered when the Credit Swiss Bank disclosed that one of its managers had been involved in an unlawful case. ( T )49. The failure of the Credit Swiss forced the Swiss banks to observe the banking secrecy more cautiously. ( T )50. The huge financial scandal involving the Credit Swiss did not discolor the Swiss banks image of stability and honesty at all. ( F )51. The Swiss banks lost $300 million or more because of the restrictions placed on the system of banking secrecy. ( F )VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (11%)52. During the past few years, especially in 1996, Chinas foreign trade experienced unsteady development, slow structural adjustments, and a lack of high-tech and high added-value products. Problems in the quality of imports and exports are driven by a faulty foreign trade control and operation mechanism. The financial crisis in East Asia, economic growth in South Asia, and rapid expansion in Latin America has altered the global economic pattern and brought massive new challenge to Chinas exports. Trade and investment liberalization will aggravate the competition on the domestic and international markets.在过去的几年中，特别是在1996年，中国的对外贸易经历了不稳定的发展，缓慢的机构调整，以及高科技和高增值产品的缺乏。进出口质量问题是由错误的对外贸易控制和错误的经营机制所引起的。东亚的经济危机、南亚的经济发展，以及拉丁美洲的快速发展改变了全球的经济模式，也为中国的出口带来新的巨大挑战。贸易和投资的自由化将会加剧国内、国际市场的竞争。外刊经贸知识选读 模拟测试二I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them: (30%)1. The developing countries tried to use counter-trade a leverage to tap the networks of global firm. ( A )A. obtain or make use of B. quick and light blow C. draw out liquid through a tap of barrel D. strike or touch2. The market alone accounted for half of the volume and 40% of the value of total US exports of shell eggs for food use. ( C )A. explained B. considered C. took D. captured3. The wet market refers to the market for _. ( A )A. unprocessed meat, fish, poultry, eggs etc. B. selling wet goodsB. processed food D. selling goods in rainy weather4. World economic growth remains generally sluggish. ( D )A. stupid B. slow C. lazy D. not active 5. The metal was fixed at 572 dollars per ounce on Friday morning. ( B )A. repaired B. maintained C. decided D. fitted 6. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which includes all the worlds leading economies, could provide a huge boost for _. CA. a high-wage import economy B. a low-wage import economy C. a low-wage export economy D. a high-wage export economy7. Unification further boosted investment, which then appeared to diminish, as expectations of profitability were dampened by higher wages and high-short-term nominal and real interest rates. ( B )A. worsened B. reduced C. improved D. deepened 8. While there are limited lending opportunities in the short-term, there appears considerable scope for foreign banks to undertake profitable business over the long term. ( C )A. take over B. deal with C. be responsible for D. reduce9. China is going out of her way to arrest the decline of export this year. (A )A. stop B. catch C. capture D. follow10. Approximately $12 billion of the countrys reserves are held by the central bank, the Peoples Bank of China, while the balance is controlled by the Bank of China which specializes in _. ( C )A. gross national product B. counter-trade C. foreign exchange business D. barters11. But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on tradeand live with the consequences. ( B )A. came up B. slope upwards C. take to D. show up 12. The successful outcome to negotiations between Britain and China about the future of Hong Kong is expected to boost trade between the two countries. ( C )A. add to B. decrease C. increase D. reduce 13. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xinjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. (A )A. spreads B. boosts C. covers D. starts14. Aggregate output for developing countries advanced by slightly less than 2% during 1991. ( C )A. real B. actual C. total D. gained 15. The following year, a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated. ( B )A. published B. announced officially C. revealed D. passedII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16. high-tech industries 高科技产业17. visible trade account 有形贸易收支18. customs duties 关税19. foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备 20. gross domestic product 国内生产总值21. private economy 私有制经济22. hard currency 硬通货23. deinflationary policies 反通胀政策24. trade sanctions 贸易制裁25. trade barrier 贸易壁垒III. Translate the following phrases into English: (10%)26. 经常项目 current account27. 贸易顺差 trade surplus28. 技术转让 technology transfer29. 所得税税率 income tax rate 30. 竞争优势 competitive advantage31. 收入指数 income index32. 证券投资 portfolio investment33. 贸易歧视 trade discrimination34. 进口指标 import targets35. 预算赤字 budget deficitIV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English: (24%)Passage 1International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental. In the case of private firms the transactions are for profit. Government-sponsored activities in international business may or may not have a profit orientation.In order to pursue any of these objectives, a company must establish international operational forms, some of which may be quite different from those used domestically. The choice of forms is influenced not only by the objective being pursed, but also by the environment in which the firm must operate. These environmental conditions also affect the means of carrying out business functions such as marketing. At the same time, the company operating internationally will affect the means of carrying out business functions such as marketing. At the same time, the company operating internationally will affect to a less degree, the environment in which it is operated.36. Could you explain “international trade” in your own words?International trade is business transactions involving two or more countries. It covers international trade, foreign manufacturing and the growing service industry.37. How many kinds of business relationship of countries involved in international trade are mentioned in this passage? Could you tell us the difference of these kinds of business relationships, if there is any?The business relationship is of two kinds, which are private and governmental. The former is concerned with transactions that are profit-oriented , the latter is not always for profit.38. Why do you think environmental conditions are very important according to this passage?Because environmental conditions may influence a companys choice of international operational forms.Passage 2Specialization and division of labor result in increased efficiency in the production process. Economists refer to the savings resulting from this increased efficiency as economies of scale. Economies of scale occur when a large volume of output can be produced at a lower cost per unit than can a small volume of output. In other words, whereas it might cost