Earthquakes The Attributive Clause 语法探究_教学案

Unit 4 Earthquakes语法探究The Attributive ClauseTeaching aims: Grasp the Attributive Clause自学探究 (SB P28 Discovering useful structures)要点导航The Attributive Clause （1）用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词（或代词）之后，这种名词（或代词）被称作先行词，引导定语从句的关联词被称为关系代词或关系副词。兹将关系代词that, which, who, whose的用法简述如下。一、基本用法关系代词的一般用法列表如下：关 系代 词指 代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语表语whowhichthatwhose从表中可以看出，who，that，whose指人，which，that，whose指物，只有which可代指句子内容。who为主格, 作主语；whom为宾格，作宾语；that指人亦可指物，作主语或宾语；whose是属格，指人间或指物，作定语；which的用法则更复杂。例如：The man who was here yesterday is a painter.昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。（who作主语）The man who I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（who作宾语，亦可省略）A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.用铅笔写的信很难读。（that作主语，指物）Is he the man that sells eggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗?（that作主语，指人）We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took.我们叫他去看医生，他听取了我们的劝告。（which作定语）The two policemen were completely trusted, which in fact, they were.那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上真是如此。（which作表语，代指句子部分内容）I have that which you gave me.我有你给我的那个。（which作宾语）This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages.这就是那本有多种译本的书。（which作主语）二、主要区别（1） who/that区别：指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who：当先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody等不定代词时。例如：The one who knows me well is Tom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词代指人。如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.有位新老师明天来教你们德语。先行词为there be 结构的主语时。例如：There is a man who wants to see you.有个人想见你。（2） which/that区别：代指物时，一般可以互换，注意：that和which可以互换，但在下列情况下只用that：当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。Is there anything（that） I can do for you? 我能帮你忙吗?当先行词被all, only, little, much, some, any, no, every等修饰时The only thing（that） I can do is（to） wait.我唯一能做的是等待。当先行词被最高级，序数词以及the very, the few, the only 修饰时。This is the best film（that） I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。当先行词指人又指物时He talked about the teachers and school that he had visited.他谈到了他参观的学校和拜访的老师。在who或which 引导的疑问句中Who is the man that is talking to Mark? 与Mark谈话的那个人是谁?在way后的定语从句中用that；也可用in which，或者省略引导词I dont know the way（that/ in which） he worked out the problem.我不知道他解那道题的方法。在某些特殊的句子里He is no longer the man that he used to be.他不再是过去的那个样子了。以下情况用which，不用that：引导非限制性定语从句。例如：Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。直接放在介词后作宾语时。例如：This is the hotel in which you will stay.这就是你将要住的旅馆。典例解析1Do you still remember the chicken farm_ we visited three months ago?Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat答案：C。由句意判断“we visited three months ago”为定语从句，修饰the chicken farm，关联词使用关系代词或关系副词主要取决于从句的句子结构，这里visited后需要的是定语，所以选用C如果此项是which也可以。2I have many friends，_ some are businessmen.Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom答案：D。本题考查定语从句，句意：我有很多朋友，其中有几个是商人。下面三个句子都是正确的：I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.I have many friends； some of them are businessmen.I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen.3Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else_, is there?Awho to turn to Bshe can turn toCfor whom to turn Dfor her to turn答案：B。本题考查定语从句和turn to sb.，由于所填的答案为no one else的定语从句，因此淘汰AD两项。又因为turn to sb.为固定习语，意为“求助于某人，”由此淘汰C项选出B项。B项省略了作宾语的关系代词whom/ that。4Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger