形容词及副词.doc

形容词和副词第一讲 形容词一形容词的定义: 形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。 二、形容词的用法： 1. 作定语，一般放在名词之前, 不定代词 something，anything，nothing，everything 等之后。 eg. Its a sunny day today. /She has a red coat. 她有一件红色的外套。Would you like something hot to drink？ 你想喝点热饮料 吗？ 我有重要的事要告诉你:_ 2. 作表语，放在系动词的后面。 系动词 be动词; am/is are was /were 感官动词: look/ taste/sound/smell/feel 变化动词; become/get/turn/goeg. He looks happy today. I feel very tired after playing football. 3. 形容词用作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后常用句型make/think/find/keep + 宾语 + 形容词。 eg. Dont keep the door open. /His success made him happy. 4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见的形容词有：good / bad, rich / poor, young / old, deaf / blind, black / white living / dead 等。 eg. The old often think of old things. 老年人经常回想往事。 The new always take the place of the old. 新生事物总是会取代旧的事物。5. 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. 6.多个形容词作修饰名词时，其顺序如下：限定词（指示代词，冠词，形容词性物主代词，数词） - 描绘词（ 大小-长短 - 形状 - 新旧 - 长幼 - 颜色） - 材料三注意：（1） good的副词是well，本质上的好 well 也可作形容词用，只形容身体好healthy 健康的 I feel well enough to go to school.（2） 词是形容词后面加上-ly；但有以-ly结尾的形容词，如：friendly、lonely、lovely、lively、early、daily；有一些词既是形容词也是副词：hard（hardly意为几乎不）、high、late（lately意 为最近）、fast、enough。3） ill sick 两者都表示“生病的”，都可放在系动词之后，充当表语，但作定语时只能用sick，如：The sick man is his uncle. He has been ill sick for a week.4） alone “单独、独自”（也可作副词）；lonely“寂寞的”修饰人的内心感情。5. 以ed和-ing 结尾的形容词的区别-ing形容词意为“令人的”，主语多为物，-ed 形容词意为“感到”，主 语多为人；此类形容词有exciting-excited, surprising-surprised, amazing-amazed, boring-bored, tiring-tired , interesting-interested, relaxing-relaxed 形容词相应课堂练习1.-I will be really_ before the interview.-Take it easy .Sure you are the best. A. patient b. nervous C. serious D. cool2.Kate felt _when she saw the nice skirt in the clothes shop.A. pleased B. well C. tired D. sadly3.you must wear glasses. They can keep your eyes _.A. softB. safe C. safely D. safety4. The guests all thought it tastes _.A. nice B. badly C. well D. wonderfully5. If Tom feels_, hell go to school tomorrow.A. enough good B. well enough C. good enough D enough well6.You dont look_ .Youd better have a good rest. A. good B. ill C. well D. beautiful7.She told us a story,her voice sounded_.A. easy B. sweet C. badly D.sadly8. _arent so happy as _. A. The rich/poor B. Rich/the poorC. Rich/poor D. The rich/the poor9.The book is_ for him to read.A.easily enough B. enough easily C. easy enough D. enough easy10.Come here, please. Ill tell you _.A. anything important B. important anythingC. something important D. important something11. -He said he _ something unusual. -Maybe something went bad. A. heard B. smelt C. looked D. felt12. His parents _ happy when they heard the good news. A. smelt B. sounded C. turned D. looked13. Mr. Li lived alone, but he never _ lonely. A. got B. turned C. felt D. sounded14. Do you know the girl whose voice _? A. looks lovely B. hears good C. feels good D. sounds lovely15. All of them _ at the thief, but no one hit him. A. sounded angry B. looked angry C. seemed angrily D. looked angrily 第二讲 副词1副词的构成：（1）大部分副词都是由一个形容词加后缀-ly构成的，其构成方法见下表：大多数形容词直接加-lybad-badly; careful-carefully以-y结尾的形容词变-y为-i，再加-lyeasy-easily; noisy-noisily以le结尾的形容词去掉-e，再加-yterrible-terribly; gentle-gently以辅音+e结尾的形容词直接加-lynice-nicely; safe-safely以元音+e结尾的形容词去掉-e，再加-lytrue-truly; due-dully注意：(1) 特殊形式：形容词good的副词形式是well (2) high, fast, late, early，hard,near,等形容词和副词同形 (3) 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的), lovely(可爱的), ugly(丑陋的), lonely(孤独的，寂寞的) lively(活跃的) （4）形式相近意思不同的副词：close 亲近的/ closely 仔细的； late 晚的/ lately 最近； deep深的（空间）/deeply 深深的（情感）；high 高的（空间高度）/ highly 高的（程度=much）wide 宽的（空间宽度）/ widely 广泛的near 近的/ nearly 几乎；hard努力的/ hardly 几乎不3注意; 易混词辨析; 1. alone；adv&adj 单独 独自 强调一个人 Lonely：adj 孤独的 寂寞的 荒凉的 He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 2.high: adj & adv. 高的/地 表示具体的动作和行为highly: adv. 高度地 表示抽象性的行为和状况 Tom jumped very high His teacher thinks very highly of him.具有类似语法的还有; widewidely deep-deeply Close-closely near-nearly（2）其它副词1. 时间副词：now, then, yesterday, today, tonight, just now, recently, so far, always, usually, often, late, soon2. 地点副词：here, there, home, abroad, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, above, below3. 程度副词：much, (a) little, a bit, very, too, enough, quite4. 疑问副词：how, when, where5. 关系副词：when, where, why频度副词：often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never4. 副词的用法和位置：副词可以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，用法和位置如下：1) The flower is quite beautiful. (修饰形容词，前置)2) He works hard. (修饰动词，后置)3) Jane speaks Chinese quite well. (修饰副词，前置)4) Unluckily, he failed to get the first prize.(修饰句子，前置)5) Kitty is always happy and friendly. (频度副词，位于be动词后)6) We often go for a swim at the beach.(频度副词，位于行为动词前) 副词相应课堂练习（针对形容词副词区别）课堂练习：一. 写出下列词语的副词形式：1. good _ 2. bad _ 3. heavy _4. fast _ 5. careful _ 6. true _7. angry _ 8. usual _ 9. useful _10. terrible _ 11. slow _ 12. quick _二单项选择1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2. You did it very _. A. good B. well C. better D. Best3The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to4Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily5Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more6English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes7-One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of8. Shes a _typist, because she can type_. A. quick, quick B. quickly, quickly C. fast, fast D. fastly, fastly9.Remember to keep _and watch _,you might even see a female. A. quiet, close B. quietly, closely C. quietly, close D. quiet, closely10 .-You should listen to the te