动词不定式用法.doc

窗体底端窗体顶端窗体底端窗体顶端窗体底端窗体顶端窗体底端窗体顶端窗体底端动词不定式用法与考点 非谓语动词是初中英语教学中的重点和难点，也是每年中考必考的考点。非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动名词和分词，初中阶段主要考查动词不定式及其相关的延伸用法。在课本当中动词不定式是在哪里出现的呢？不定式的用法与考点又是在我们平时学习中怎样不经意中成为过眼云烟的呢？现在我们就简单地来复习一下。1.做主语It took 50 years for 100 million people to listen to the radio. (Book5 Revision Module A)动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为：It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb。) + to do sth.; It + take + sb. + some time + to do sth。注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb. 的结构。例如：It is very brave of her (to help Kylie). (Book4 Module 9 Unit 1)2.做宾语Jamie Oliver is a young cook who wants to improve school dinners. (Book5 Module 10 Unit 2)使用不定式做宾语首先要看前边的谓语动词。有些动词后面只能用不定式做宾语，如want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, would like等。有些动词后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词做宾语，含义相同，如like, start, begin等；有些动词后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词做宾语，含义不同，如 stop, remember, forget, try, regret, mean等。形式宾语，结构为：主语+谓语(表示内心活动如：find，think等)+it + adj. + to do sth。例如：I find it difficult to learn maths。有些动词后加不带to的不定式做宾语，如had better, would rather, would/ could you please, why not, why dont you等。复合不定式结构做宾语。We wouldnt know what to do, or how to look after ourselves. (Book4 Module 10 Unit 2)注意：复合不定式结构中，要区别what to do和how to do it。延伸：有些结构中的to并不是不定式的标志而是介词，后面要加名词，代词或动名词。其他常用动词短语还有：pay attention to, be/get/become used to，be known to, be/get married to, see to, belong to等。3.做宾语补足语不定式做宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。后面常加不定式做宾语补足语的谓语动词有：tell, ask, want, allow, get, encourage等。在一些使役动词和感官动词后也使用不定式做宾语补足语，但此时不定式要省略to。有一口诀可以快速有效记忆这些动词：四看(see, watch, notice, observe)三让(make, let, have)两听(hear, listen to)一感觉(feel)半帮助(help)例如：Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. (Book4 Module 1 Unit 2)注意：当不带to的不定式做宾语补足语前面的动词变为被动语态时，省略的to要还原。例如：People saw him enter the house last night。变被动 He was seen to enter the house last night。注意：现在分词和不定式做宾语补足语的含义区别。不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；现在分词做宾语补足语，表示正在进行着的动作。例如：I can even hear the birds singing! (Book4 Module 7 Unit 1)延伸：have sth. done 结构中，过去分词做宾语补足语，表示动作由他人完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。例如：I had my hair cut yesterday。延伸：除了不定式可以做宾语补足语，形容词和名词等也都可以做宾语补足语。例如：They both act well in this film, and make their characters believable. (Book4 Module 6 Unit 2)Dr. Bethunes work with the Chinese soldiers made him a hero in China. (Book4 Module 9 Unit 2)4.做状语Everyone is surprised to see him but theyre also pleased to see him alive. (Book5 Module 2 Unit 2) 原因状语Sun Haiping used the information to change Lius training programme. (Book5 Module 3 Unit 2) 目的状语I looked carefully over them, but it was still to