英美文学简史-Chapters-1—2.ppt

EnglishLiteratureChapters1 2 KeyPointsinChapter1 TheOldEnglish Anglo Saxon PeriodHistoryofInvasionAnglo SaxonsCaedmonBeowulfKingAlfredtheGreatBeowulfsignificanceOutlineoftheStoryMedievalLiterature ABriefIntroduction1066 NormanConquest MiddleEnglish FeudalSocietyTheArthurianLegendsSirGawainandtheGreenKnightRobinHoodJohnWycliffe TheOldEnglishPeriod HistoryofInvasions5thcenturyBC tribalkingdomsofCelticpeople55BC invadedbytheRomanEmpire undercontrolforover400years 5thCentury byGermanicpeople theAnglesandtheSaxonFromthelate8thcenturyon byferociousVikingsfromScandinavia1066 byNormansfromnorthernFrance descendantsofVikings TheOldEnglishPeriod Anglo Saxons5thcenturyinvadedanddefeatedtheCeltsandtheRomansAbranchofGermanictribes597AD begantobeconvertedtoChristianityBasicallybarreninliterarycreation TheOldEnglishPeriod CaedmonSecondhalfofthe7thcenturyThefirstknownpoetinEnglishliteraryhistory TheOldEnglishPeriod KingAlfredtheGreat9thcenturyDefeatedawaveofinvasionsBroughtpeace securityandprosperityBuiltschools wroteannals andencouragedculturalgrowthDecidedthatliteratureshouldbewritteninthevernacular orOldEnglish Beowulf SignificanceTheonlyorganicwholepoemtocomeoutoftheAnglo SaxonperiodAnepicofwellover3 000linesProbablythegreatestepiceverleftbytheancientGermanictribesThemostancienteversincethedemiseoftheGreekandRomanliterature Beowulf OutlineoftheStory8thcenturyScandinavia Sweden Denmark KingHrothgarSeamonstersGrendelandhismotherFierydragon MedievalLiterature ABriefIntroduction 1066 NormanConquest MiddleEnglish FeudalSociety1066 theFrench speakingNormansconqueredEnglandThelastAnglo SaxonKingHarolddiedinthebattleofHastingsMarkedthebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishorAnglo NormanperiodEstablishmentoftheFeudalSystem 1381PeasantRising thecompletionoftheDomesdayBook 土地调查清册 末日审判书 thelaunchingoftheCrusade thesigningoftheMagnaCarter 大宪章 in1215 thewarwithFranceortheHundredYears War MedievalLiterature ABriefIntroduction TheArthurianLegends1147 GeoffreyofMonmouth HistoriaRegumBritannia collectedthelegendsaboutthekingEnrichedbyagoodnumberoflaterwritersSomestoriesincludethoseoftheHolyGrail Merlin SirLancelot QuestfortheHolyGrail andthedeathoftheking TheCelticKingArthurbecameanationalherofortheEnglishnationThelegendhadalwaysbeenpopularontheEuropeancontinent MedievalLiterature ABriefIntroduction SirGawainandtheGreenKnightOneimportantstoryintheArthurianlegend 4 parworkof2 530linesin101sectionsKnighthoodunderthescrutinyoftheChristianlensisfoundwantingWritteninnorthMidlanddialect MedievalLiterature ABriefIntroduction RobinHoodCollectionof15thcenturymedievalballadsaboutRobinHoodRobinHood theheroofthepoor theenemyoftherichandthepowerfulTheballadsaremanyinnumber RobinhoodandtheMonk RobinHoodandtheGuyofGisborne RobinHoodandthePorter LytellGesteofRobinHood MedievalLiterature ABriefIntroduction JohnWycliffe 1320 1384 AnOxfordScholarThetranslationoftheBiblefromthesonorousLatinVulgateVersionintoMiddleEnglishFar reachinginfluenceupontheevolutionoftheEnglishlanguagePrecursorofMartinLuther sReformationAllhislifehekeptspeakingvehementlyagainstthePopeandthewholereligioushierachyHisfollowersformedwhatlatercametobeknownastheLollardmovement KeyPointsinChapter2 GeoffreyChaucerFirstProminentEnglishPoetWorksChaucerandEnglishLanguageTheCanterburyTalesFeaturesofChaucer sNarrationinTheCanterburyTalesMajorCharactersinTheCanterburyTalesThePre ElizabethanPeriod ABriefIntroduction3MajorEventsTurningtheMiddleAgesintotheModernTimeReformationRenaissanceThomasMoreUtopia GeoffreyChaucer 1340 1400 FirstProminentEnglishPoetChaucerwasthefirstprominentpoetinhistoryandrankswithShakespeareasthemostpopularandmostwidelyreadofallpoetstoday HehasbeenoneofthemajorinfluencesonwritersoflatergenerationsnotonlyinEnglandbutalsoacrosstheworld SometimescalledthefatherofEnglishliterature ChauceriscreditedbysomescholarsasthefirstauthortodemonstratetheartisticlegitimacyofthevernacularMiddleEnglish ratherthanFrenchorLatin GeoffreyChaucer WorksCanterburyTalesTheBookoftheDuchessTheHouseofFameTheParliamentofFowlsTroilusandCriseyde GeoffreyChaucer ChaucerandEnglishLanguageSometimescalledthefatherofEnglishliterature ChauceriscreditedbysomescholarsasthefirstauthortodemonstratetheartisticlegitimacyofthevernacularMiddleEnglish ratherthanFrenchorLatin GeoffreyChaucer TheCanterburyTalesAcollectionof20 oddstoriesThestoriesareframedbymeansofafictitiouspilgrimageThestoriesintheTalescomefromdifferentsources Theseinclude amongothers theFrenchsources theItalian thebiblical theAsian andfolklore GeoffreyChaucer FeaturesofChaucer sNarrationinTheCanterburyTalesThesalientfeaturesofChaucer snarrationareitsenormoussenseofhumor itsloyaltytoreality anditsinfinitesenseofhumanity Chaucer sgalleryofportraitsofthepeopleisambitious theycomefromvirtuallyallwalksoflife fromtheupperstrataallthewaydowntheladdertothelower Hisportrayalofthepeopleisamazinglyselectiveandinclusive GeoffreyChaucer MajorCharactersinTheCanterburyTalesParson nuns monk friar summoner pardoner Merchant theWifeofBath haberdasher 男子服饰经销商 杂货商 dyer carpenter weaver carpetmaker skipper 船长 ThePre ElizabethanPeriod ABriefIntroduction 3MajorEventsTurningtheMiddleAgesintotheModernTimeTheReformationTheRenaissancePrintingfrommovabletype JohnWycliffe MarinLuther ThePre ElizabethanPeriod ABriefIntroduction ReformationThefirstvoiceofrevoltcamefromJohnWycliffeTheReformationfirststartedinGermanybyMartinLutherHenailedhis95thesesontothedoorofthecastlechurchinWittenberg justtostartadiscussionofmattersrelevanttothefaithandthechurch Thefollowersofthemovement distinctnowfromtheCatholics becameknownastheProtestants andtheReformationhasalsobeenknowninhistoryastheProtestantReformation Theybelieveinthedoctrineofjustificationbyfaith thatman sjustificationorsalvationdependsonthegraceofGodwhichcomesthroughfaithalone ThePre ElizabethanPeriod ABriefIntroduction RenaissanceThereformationindicatedthatmanhadmadeconsiderableprogressinhisepistemology Thereappearedindividualexpressionandcriticalthinking TheRenaissance ortherebirthorrevivalofclassicallearning firstbeganin14thcenturyItaly Forthefirsttimeinhistory themedievalmindssawthebeautyofthehumanformandlearnedabouttheimportanceofhumanlifeandhumanvalues ManbegantoliveforhisownsakemorethanforGodandforthenextworld Humanismasamovementcameintoexistence ThomasMore 1478 1535 UtopiaPublishedinLatinin1516 translatedintoEnglishin1551 Utopiatakesalookforwardtothefutureofmanandoffersanidealwhichhasinspiredgenerationsofserioussocialthinkers politicalscientists writersaswellashumankindasawholeeversinceitspublication IThemakingofEngland WhoweretheearlyinhabitantsintheislandofBritain Britons atribeofCeltsWheredidtheCeltscomefrom PowerfulCeltsincentralandnorthEuropefrom750BCto12BCmainlandCelts Gauls andislandCelts BritonsandGaels GaelsinScotlandandIrelandspeakingGaelic IIRomanConquest In55BC JuliusCaesar theRomanConqueror occupiedBritain In410 RomanEmpirefellintodecline SignificanceofRomanconquest leftnodeepimpressiononitsnationallifeRomanmodeoflife theatresandbathsinthetowns thecityofBath AppearanceofRomanstreetsandcityancientLondoncity Bath England sworldheritagecity FoundedinRomanConquestFamousforitshotspringsJaneAustins secondhome BathmuseumWifeofBath RoyalCrescentandtheCircusbuiltinthe18thcentury Beowulfonthescreen HenryVIIandTudorDynasty Chaucer slife 1344 1400 Bornin1343inLondonAsasonofawinemerchantanddeputytothekings butlerLittleknownabouthiseducation hecouldreadFrench LatinandItalian WasappointedtothehouseholdoftheCountessofUlsterin1357andstartedhisroyalservicesincethen 5 In1359 1360 wenttoFrancewithEdwardIII sarmyduringtheHundredYears War 6 Gotmarriedin13667 Wentabroadseveraltimesfordiplomaticandcommercialmissions 8 especiallyinItaly hemetBoccaccioandPetrarchin1372 73 muchinfluencebytheItalianhumanists suchasDante 9 Diedin1400andburiedinthepoet scornerofWestminsterAbby10 Chaucer smonumentwaserectedin1555 TheCanterburyTales Apilgrimageof30peopleonaroutetoandfromCanterbury England TotellstoriestoamusethemselvesonthewayHarryBailly theinnkeeper promisedafreemealforthebest storyteller Instructure prologueand24stories intendedtohavemorethan100storiesandkeptunfinishedandhandeddowninmanuscripts Prologueservesasabriefintroduction toenablereaderstohaveageneralviewofthewholecontent Amongthe24individualstories 2inproseand22inverseform WifeofBath sTele TheWifeofBathisdepictedasthenewbourgeoiswifeassertingherindependence ThefamouslinesinCanterburyTales WhanthatAprill withhisshouressooteThedroghteofMarchhathpercedtotherooteAndbathedeveryveyneinswi