Unit4 Earthquakes.docx

Unit4 EarthquakesI 课标知识概览重点词汇burst (vi )爆裂，爆发 nation ( n )民族，国家 ruin (n, vt) 废墟；毁灭 injure ( vt ) 损害；伤害 destroy ( vt )破坏；毁坏 useless ( adj ) 无用的 shock (vt, n ) 震惊 rescue (n,vt) 营救trap(n, vt) 使陷入困境；陷阱 bury (vt) 埋葬 shelter ( n)掩蔽 damage (n, vt) 损失；损害frighten( vt ) 使惊吓；congratulation(n)祝贺； judge（n，vt）n 裁判 v 判断；express(n, vt) n 快车，v 表达重点词组 right away 马上 as if好像 at an end结束 in ruins严重受损 a great number of 很多 dig out掘出，发现 rescue sb from sth 从。中救起 the number of 。的数目 be proud of 为。而自豪 give sth out 放出，发出（光，热等）功能Talking about past experiences谈论过去的经历 Expressing thanks表达感谢语法The attributive clause(I) that ,which ,who , whose 定语从句一：关系代词的用法写作Recount：newspaper article 如何写新闻报道II 语言知识精讲Section A Warming up .Pre-reading, Reading &Comprehending1 Imagine your home begins to shake . 想象一下你的房子开始摇晃.(p25)shake(v)-shook-shaken(1) vt ,vi 摇动；抖动the whole house shakes when a train goes past.(2) vt （与某人）握手shake hands with sb shake sb by the hand =shake sbs hand (3) vi 颤抖；发抖shake with anger/fear/laughter气得/怕得/笑得发抖 2 For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell.三天来,村子里的井水升升降降,起起伏伏.(P26)rise(vi)-rose-risen上升；起床；升起；提高；变得更加成功The river has risen by several metres.河水上升了好几米。He was accustomed to rising early.他习惯于早起。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳在东边升起，在西边落下。The price of gas rose.煤气价格上涨了。She rose to power in the 1970s.她在20世纪70年代掌握了大权。rise与raise的区别:rise为不及物动词，表上升，常用于日，月，物价，温度，河水，人的职位等。raise为及物动词，表举起，提出，饲养，种植等。He rose the baby from the bed. raisedThe child raised form the ground. rose3 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内,有些建筑物的水管都爆裂开来.(P26)burst burst-burst(1) vi ,vt使爆裂，涨开The balloon burst when I stuck it with a pin.我用针戳了一下，气球就炸了。Dont burst that balloon. 别把气球弄炸了。(2) vi猛冲；突然出现He burst into the room without knocking 他没敲门就闯进了屋子。The sun burst through the clouds 太阳破云而出。burst into + nburst out doing 突然迸发He burst into laughter. = He burst out laughter.他突然大笑起来。He burst into tears. = He burst out crying. 他突然哭了起来。burst(n)突然破裂；爆发I was shocked by the burst of tyre.我被轮胎的爆裂声吓了一跳。There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里爆发出一阵笑声。常见搭配:burst in 闯入burst open 猛然打开be bursting to do sth 急于做某事be bursting with sth 涨满4 But the one million people of the city , who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night .但唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没把这些情况当回事,当天晚上照常上床睡觉了.(P26)think little of 不重视，不在乎He thinks little of what his parents said.他对于父母的话毫不在意。think 的常见短语：think nothing of 认为。无所谓think highly/well/much of . 对。评价高think badly/ill/little of .对。评价不高think of .as 把。看作think about 考虑think of 想到5 It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日.(P26) as if 相当于as thoughas if 的用法:(1)在look ,seem等系动词后面引导表语从句She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。It seems as if our team is going to win.看来我们的队要赢了。(2) 引导方式状语的从句She loves the boy as if she were his mother.她爱这个男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.这个小孩讲起话来像个大人似的。（3）as if 从句的语气和时态as if 从句用陈述语气的情况当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实It looks as if it is going to rain.看样子要下雨了。He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子看他是喝醉了2 as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况当说话人认为句子所述是不真实的或少有可能发生或存在的情况时a 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时He walks as if he were drunk.他走起路来像喝醉了一样。He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子，好像知道她在哪似的。b如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时态。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他谈起罗马来，好像他以前去过似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的c如果从句表示的与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might +动词原形He opened his mouth as if he would say. 他张开嘴好像要说什么It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了6 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒内,一座巨大的城市就成为了一片废墟.(P26)lie(lay, lain)此处表示处于某种状态lie/be in ruins 成为废墟The village lay in ruins after the war.这个村庄在战争后成为废墟。注意： lie-lay-lain-lying 躺；位于lie-lied-lied-lying 说谎lay laid-laid-laying 产卵ruin( vt )毁坏；毁灭；使破产The bad weather ruined our trip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。The country was ruined by the war. 这个国家被战争给毁了。作不可数名词表毁坏，毁灭。The news meant the ruin of all our hopes.这个消息意味着我们的一切希望都破灭了。 作废墟讲，通常用可数名词的复数。We visited the ruins of the temple.我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹。知识拓展：in ruins 毁坏；严重受损be /lie in ruins 成为废墟fall into ruin 衰落；败落7 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤.(P26)injure(vt) (尤其在事故中）受伤；损伤；损害，伤害（名誉，自尊等）He injured his knee while playing football.他在踢足球的时候伤了膝盖。He was injured in the accident.他在事故中受了伤。This could seriously injure the companys reputation.这可能会严重损害公司的名誉。injured(adj) 受伤的the injured受伤的人；伤员 作主语,谓语动词用复数。The injured were sent to a nearby hospital.伤员被送到附近的一家医院。injury (n) 伤害，损伤辨析injure ，wound与hurtinjure 一般指由于意外或事故受伤.wound 指外伤，如刀伤，枪伤，剑伤。尤指在战斗、战争中的受伤。作为及物动词它的宾语是人，而不是受伤的部位。hurt 是受伤的一般用语，既可以指肉体上的伤害，亦可以指精神上的伤害，另外hurt还可以作不及物动词,意为“疼痛”。He cant play today because he has injured his knee.他今天不能踢足球是因为他伤了膝盖。He was wounded in the arm .他的胳膊受了伤My leg still hurts.我的腿还在痛His words hurt me. 他的话伤害了我8 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 无论他们朝哪看,一切几乎都被毁了.(P26)此处everywhere 用作连词，等于wherever, no matter where,引导让步状语从句。如：无论我在哪儿，我都看到一样的东西。Everywhere I go , I find the same thing.无论你往哪儿看，你都会看到它。You see it everywhere you look.9 People were shocked. 人们震惊了.(P26)shock( vt )使震惊We were all shocked at the news of his death. 听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我感到震惊。shock作可数名词表震惊,令人感到震惊的事。The news of his death came as a shock to us all. 他的死讯传来，我们都感到震惊。I got a terrible shock the other day.前两天，可把我吓坏了。shock作不可数名词表休克。如：She was taken to hospital suffering from shock.她因为休克被送到医院。He isnt seriously injured but he is in a state of shock.他的伤情不重，但处于休克状态。shocked (adj)与 shocking(adj)shocked 感到震惊的，表示人自身的感觉。shocking 令人感到震惊的，它往往表示被修饰的人或物给别人的感觉。The result of the game is shocking. 比赛结果令人震惊。I am shocked at his change.他的变化让我感到震惊。10 it seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。(P26)at an end 结束，终结my holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.我的假期结束了，明天我就回去工作了。I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end .我必须警告你，我几乎是忍无可忍了。拓展词汇：at the end of 在。末端/尽头in the end 最后，终于on end 连续的，不断地，直立地；竖着from beginning to end 从头到尾by the end of 到。为止make ends meet 使收支平衡bring sth to an end =put an end to sthcome to an end 结束end up with 以。结束11 Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下。(P26)rescue作不可数名词表救援，营救 We had given up hope of rescue at that time.我们那时已经放弃了救援的希望。rescue作可数名词表营救行动。如： The fisherman was saved in a daring sea rescue.在一次惊心动魄的海上营救行动中，那名渔夫获救了。rescue作动词，表营救He rescued a child from drowning .他救了一名落水儿童。You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。固定搭配：rescue sb from sb/sth 从。救come/go to ones rescue 来/去营救人trap(n) 圈套，陷阱The police set a trap to catch the thief. 警察设置了陷阱来抓小偷。The deer was caught in our trap.那只鹿落入了我们的陷阱。trap (vt)设圈套，设陷阱They trapped her into telling where the gift was hidden.他们设了圈套，让她说出了礼物藏在什么地方。They were trapped in the burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里面。固定搭配：set a trap for sb 为某人设置陷阱 trap sb into sth/doing sth 诱骗某人做某事12 All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。(P26)本句是部分否定句，还可以说Not all hope was lost.英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, always, entirely等具有总括意义的代词，形容词或者副词与否定副词或否定词not连用，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。如：All that glitters is not gold .发光的并不一定都是金子All these books are not popular with people.这些书并非全部都受人们欢迎。I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything.我同意你所说的大部分内容，但不是所有内容。相关的链接：全部否定句型：no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。None of these things were mine这些事情都不是我的。Neither answer is correct.两种答案都不对。Nothing is right.什么都不好。13 Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. 数十万的人得到了援助。(P26) thousands of 成千上万的The oil spill endangered thousands of birds.石油的泄漏危及到成千上万的鸟儿。类似的表达：hundreds of 数以百计的millions of 数百万的dozens of ,scores of几十，许多，大量tens of thousands of 数以万计的 thousands of 表示概数，当表示不确切的事物数量的，我们就用概数。表示法为：tens of/hundreds of/thousands of /millions of/scores of /dozens of +n,这些词的前面不能有具体的数词。 当thousand, hundred, million, billion, score, dozen之前有确定的数字表示时，词尾不加s14 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。 (P26)dig out 发现，挖掘More than ten people were dug out of the coal mine .十多个被埋在煤矿里的人被挖掘出来了。Why did you dig out these old books?你为什么把那些旧书翻出来。bury(vt) 埋葬，安葬Both his grandparents were buried here.他的爷爷奶奶都葬在这。 埋藏、掩藏（感情）He buried his face in his hands and wept.他双手掩面而泣She has learned to bury her feelings.她学会了感情不外露。知识拓展:burial (n)埋葬；葬礼bury sth in sth 使陷入；把。插入。bury oneself in sth 专心致志于be buried in sth埋头于，专心致志于the dead 死者the + adj 表示一类人，做主语,谓语用复数，如：the living 活着的人the young 年轻人 the old 老人the injured 受伤的人the blind 盲人The old are taken good care of.老人被很好的照顾。15 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者们盖起了避难所。（P26）shelter (n)作不可数名词表居所；住处Human beings need food, clothing and shelter.人类有衣、食、住的需求作不可数名词还可表遮蔽；庇护；避难take shelter from the wind/rain/weather躲避风/雨/恶劣天气作可数名词表庇护处；收容所a bus shelter 候车亭 an air-raid shelter 防空洞 an animal shelter 动物收容处shelter(vt) 保护；掩蔽Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风16 Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑出田地找地方躲藏。 (P26)Looking for 此处为现在分词做伴随状语He worked into the night preparing a report for his boss.他工作到深夜为老板准备一份报告Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills and entertainment.许多人到主题公园寻找刺激和娱乐。17 Such a great number of people died. 大量的人死亡。(P26)英语中表示许多的表达：a large/great/good number of, a great/good many, a good few/quite a few修饰可数名词的复数many a修饰单数可数名词，作主语谓语动词用单数a great/good deal of , a great/large amount of , quite a little修饰不可数名词a lot of/lots of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of, plenty of 既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。18 The number of people who were killed or injured reached more 400000.伤亡人数超过了40万。 (P26)the number of 与 a number of 用法区别:the number of 意为。的数目，后接可数名词的复数。当它做主语时谓语动词用单数。a number of 意思为“许多”相当于many,后接可数名词复数，做主语时谓语动词用复数。A number of buildings were burnt down in the big fire .在这场大火中，许多房屋被烧毁。The number of students in our class is 67.我们班的学生人数为67人。Section B learning about language19 damage(n)作不可数名词表损坏，破坏 The storm caused great damage to the town.。这场暴风雨对村庄造成了很大的损坏。damages意为损害赔偿金They intend to sue for damages. 他们打算起诉，要求赔偿损失damage(vt)损害；伤害Smoking seriously damages your health. 吸烟严重损害人体健康。Many cars were damaged in the crash. 许多汽车在撞车事故中损坏了辨析 ruin, destroy, damagedestroy 指彻底破坏以致不能或者很难修复An atom bomb would destroy a city. 一颗原子弹能够摧毁一座城市。damage 指价值，用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。The flood did a lot of damage to the crops. 洪水对农作物造成了很大损害ruin 多用与借喻中，有时泛指一般的弄坏了The bad weather ruined our trip. 天气恶劣，破坏了我们旅行。If she loses the court case it will ruin her. 如果败诉，她就完了。20 give out (P28)vi 用完；耗尽After a month their food supplies gave out. 一个月以后他们的食物储备殆尽。His patience finally gave out. 他最终忍无可忍了。停止运行；停止运转One of the planes engines gave out in mid-Atlantic. 飞机飞到大西洋中部时一个发动机失灵了。give sth out 分发；散发 The teacher gave out the exam paper. 老师分发了考试试卷。 发出；放出（热，光等）The sun gives out light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。相关词组：give up 放弃 give in 屈服；让步 give away 分发；赠送；泄露21 It was a frightening night. 这是一个骇人的夜晚。（P28） frighten (vt) 使惊吓；使惊恐The sudden noise frightened us. 那突如其来的噪音吓了我们一跳。I was frightened at the sight of the snake. 看到那条蛇时我被吓坏了。知识拓展：frighten sb/sth away/off=frighten sb/sth away from sth 把。吓走/吓跑frighten sb into/out of doing sth 吓得某人做/不敢做某事be frightened of doing sth 害怕做某事be frightened to do sth 不敢做某事be frightened to death 吓死be frightened at sth 对。感到害怕辨析frightened 与frighteningfrightened 受惊吓的，感到害怕，多指人自己的感受frightening令人害怕的，指人或物具有令人害怕的性质a frightened boy 受了惊吓的男孩the frightening noise令人害怕的声音frightened expression 惊恐的表情Section C Using language22 congratulation(n)庆贺；祝贺（常用复数形式；与介词on 搭配）(P30)We are getting married !我们要结婚了Congratulations !恭喜恭喜！Congratulations on your exam results!祝贺你考出了好成绩!I offered my congratulations on his success.我对他的成功表示了祝贺。Congratulate 与 celebrate 的区别:Congratulate 意为祝贺、道贺,构成短语congratulate sb on sth/doing sth “因为某事情而向某人祝贺“Celebrate的宾语通常为物，如：He congratulated us on our getting married.他祝贺我们的新婚大吉。We are celebrating our grandpas ninetieth birthday next week.我们下周将庆祝爷爷90岁生日。22 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges.五个评委听了你的演讲。(P30)judge(n) 法官；裁判（员）The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官判他五年监禁judge(vt)判断、判定；猜测（大小、数量等）；裁判、评价As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame.依我看，他们都应当承担责任。Judging by his last letter, theyre having a wonderful time.从他信上看，他过的很愉快。I judge him to be about 50.我估计他年纪在50岁左右。She was asked to judge the essay competition.他被指定担任散文比赛的评委。What gives you the right to judge other people?你有什么权利对别人评头论足。知识拓展：judgement (n)判断judging by/from 从。判断 judge sb/sth to be/do 认为某人/某物Dont judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人pass judgement on sb 对某人进行判决注意：表示从。判断时，用judging by/from 23 I would like to express my thanks to who.(P30) express(v) 表达；表露Words cant express how pleased I am.言语无法表达我喜悦的心情 代表，表示The figures are expressed as percentages.这些数字用百分比表示。express(n)特快列车send goods by express特快货运24Your parents and your school should be very proud of you.你的父母和学校因你而自豪。(P30) be proud of 意为为。而自豪We are proud of being Chinese.我们作为中华子女而自豪。短语链接：take pride in pride oneself on sth/doing sth 以。而自豪25Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.下个月这个城市将开放一个新的公园来纪念那些在这场灾难中死去的人。(P30)honour(v)尊敬；给以荣誉He is honoured for his kindness and hard work among his workmates.他因善良和勤劳而受到同事们的尊敬。Would you honour us by sharing our dinner together? 今晚你是否赏光与我们一道用餐？honour作不可数名词，表尊敬，荣誉Children should be taught to show honour to their elders.应该教育孩子尊重长者。They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her.他们肃立以示对她的敬意。honour作可数名词表带来荣誉的人或事It was a great honour to be invited here today.今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。He is an honour to our school.他是我们学校的光荣。常见搭配：in honour of为向。表示敬意show honour to sb向某人表示尊敬a sense of honour 廉耻感do sb an honour赏光；带来荣誉on ones honour以名誉担保练习 一 单选1 The earthquake made the city _.A destroying B damagingC a ruin D in ruins2 He was badly _ in the accident.A hurt B hurtsC injured D wounded3 The teacher told me that the sun _in the east.A rises B roseC raised D raises4 The _ film _ the girl.A frightening, frightened B frightened, frighteningC frightening, frightening D frightened, frightened5 After the traffic accident, the police asked him to explain the _ to his car.A damage B wound C ruin D injury6 It was supposed to be a surprise, but the children_ the game.A give in B give awayC give out D give up7 Let me congratulate _ you _ the birth of your son.A for, on B to, onC on, to D /, on8_his accent, he must be from Beijing.A To judge from B Judged byC Judging by D Judging through9 They _ little of me because Ive nothing.A consider B believeC judge D think10 _ people are standing outside the office. _ people there is at least 100.A A number of; A number of B The number of , The number ofC A number of; The number of D The number of; A number of 二 完成句子 11Mice came out of the fields _(寻找藏身之地). （look）12 it seemed as if the world _(到了末日) . （end）13_(根据他脸上的表情判断),his father must have blamed him. (judge)14 In fifteen terrible seconds, a large city_(处于废墟中) . （ruin）15 _(许多人) died in the earthquake. (number)III 语法要点总结定语从句-关系代词的用法一 定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有where ,.why, when等。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：1连接主从句，2指代先行词3在定语从句中做句子成分。定语从句一般位于先行词后面。二 关系代词的用法1 who的用法who引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语，先行词是人。This is the man who helped me out of trouble.他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。I dont know the woman who you spoke to just now.我不认识那个刚才你与她交谈的妇女。注意who不能用于介词之后引导定语从句，此时须用whom代替who I need a friend with whom I can share my sorrow and happiness. 我需要一个与我同甘共苦的患难朋友2 whom的用法whom引导定语从句时，在从句中做宾语，先行词是人。The doctor whom/who you are looking for is in the room.你找的那个医生在房间里。Shes such a girl with whom you can talk freely.她是一个你可以与之随便交流的姑娘。注意whom 引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。 whom 可以构成“介词+whom”引导定语从句3whose 用法whose引导定语从句时，在从句中做定语，意思为：“。的”，表示所属关系，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。Hes living in a room whose window faces the east.他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。The boy whose spoken English is excellent draws our attention.那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。知识拓展“whose+n”引导的定语从句相当于“the +n+of+which”引导的定语从句Please pass me the book whose cover is yellow and black.=please pass me the book, the cover of which is yellow and black.请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。4 that 与which的用法that和which 在它们引导的定语从句中做主语或宾语，that的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，which的先行词是物。They finally reached a storehouse that/which used to be a church.他们最后到了一个曾经是一个教堂的仓库那里。I have been keeping the presents that/which he sent me.我一直保存着他送给我的礼物注意在下列情况which和that 不能换用1只用that不用which的情况： 先行词是人时We all like the new teacher that teaches us English.我们都喜欢教我们英语的那位新老师 先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,many,some,something,nothing,anything,everything等时。All that we have to do is to practise every day.我们所必须做的是就是每天练习。I ll do everything that I can(do) to help you.我将尽一切努力来帮助你 当先行词被all, few, little, only, any, no, very等修饰