2011浙江大学考博英语听力原文.doc

2011年浙江大学考博英语真题听力原文，仅供参考第一篇Among my experiences as a college president is the alltoofrequent phone call in the night thatbegins: One of your students is in the emergency room with alcohol poisoning. The whole country got a similar wakeup call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Many students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships.Students use alcohol as an escape. Its used as an excuse for bad behavior: the insanity defensewrit large on campus. This diminished sense of self has caused a growth in racism, sexism, attempted suicide, theft, propertydamage and cheating on most campuses.This is not the stuff of most presidents public conversations. Nor can it be explained away as anunderclass problem; it is found on our most privileged campuses. It is happening because thegeneration now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the Culture of Neglect, and we parents, teachers, professors and administrators are the primary architects.It begins at home, where social and economic factors such as declining incomes requiringlonger work hours result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must takeparttime jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children and youths are being reared in a vacuum, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Immersed in themselves, they are left to their peers.31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ( ) . 正确答案为CA it is easy to be a college presidentB a college president has to sit up till midnightC alcohol abuse is quite common on campusD it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol32. According to the author, college students turn to alcohol as a(n) ( ). 正确答案为CA inspirationB stimulationC escapeD relaxation33. The word architects in Para. 2 can be best replaced by ( ). 正确答案为DA artistsB expertsC discoverersD designers34. How do parents react to the Culture of Neglect?( ) 正确答案为BA Parents have lowered their expectations on children.B Parents take little care of the growth of their children.C Parents spend too much time watching television.D Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.35. What is the main problem with the children brought up in the Culture of Neglect?( ) 正确答案为CA They cant read or write well.B They can hardly find a good job.C They dont have the sense of responsibility.D They are more likely to commit crimes.第二篇Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breedsapathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility.Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy andcompetitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level ofconflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profitseeking organizations and others for notforprofit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as afunction of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in notforprofit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of forprofit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generallywas damaging and usually led to poorquality decision making in their organizations. Schwenkinterpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by theexecutives. In the profitseeking organizations, decisionmaking effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the notforprofit organizations, decisionmaking effectiveness was defined from theperspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is_.A) wrongB) oversimplifiedC) misleadingD) unclear注：文章第一句32.Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows_.A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB) the real value of conflictC) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD) the complexity of defining the roles of conflict注：文章第二段33.We can learn from Schwenks research that_.A) a persons view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB) conflict is necessary for managers of forprofit organizationsC) different people resolve conflicts in different waysD) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict注：文章第三段34.The passage suggests that in for profit organizations_.A) there is no end of conflictB) expression of different opinions is encouragedC) decisions must be justifiableD) success lies in general agreement注：文章第四段，justifiable 合法化35.People working in a not for profit organization_.A) seem to be difficult to satisfyB) are free to express diverse opinionsC) are less effective in making decisionsD) find it easier to reach agreementB C A D B第三篇Children live in a world in which science has tremendous importance. During their lifetimes it willaffect them more and more. In time, many of them will work at jobs that depend heavily on science for example, concerning energy sources, pollution control, highway safety, wilderness conservation, and population growth, and population growth. As taxpayers they will pay for scientific research and exploration. And, as consumers, they will be bombarded (受到轰击) by advertising, much of which is said to be based on science.Therefore, it is important that children, the citizens of the future, become functionally acquainted with science with the process and spirit of science, as well as with its facts and principles.Fortunately, science has a natural appeal for youngsters. They can relate it to so many things that they encounter flashlights, tools, echoes, and rainbows.Besides, science is an excellent medium for teaching far more than content. It can help pupilslearn to think logically, to organize and analyse ideas. It can provide practice in communication skills and mathematics. In fact, there is no area of the curriculum to which science cannot contribute,whether it be geography, history, language arts, music, or art!Above all, good science teaching leads to what might be called a “scientific attitude.” Those whopossess it seek answers through observing, experimenting, and reasoning, rather than blindly accepting the pronouncements of others. They weigh evidence carefully and reach conclusions with caution.While respecting the opinions of others, they expect honesty, accuracy, and objectivity and are on guard against hasty judgments and sweeping generalizations. All children should be developing this approach to solving problems, but it cannot be expected to appear automatically with the mere acquisition of information. Continual practice, through guided participation, is needed. (293 words)36. One of the reasons why science is important for children is that many of them will _.A. work in scientific research institutionsB. work at jobs closely related to science C. make the final decision in matters concerning scienceD. be fundraisers for scientific research and exploration37. There is no doubt that children like learning science because_.A. science is linked with