九年级英语8-10单元.doc

Unit 8 Ill help clean up the city parks.一、 教学目标1、语言目标 Offer help(提供帮助)2、知识目标：1）学会使用“ I will” , “ I would like ” 等句型，向别人提供帮助。2）学会用“ I will” 做规划。3）掌握向别人提供帮助的一些动词短语。3、能力目标： 根据本单元所学知识，培养学生学会关注社会，关心他人二、重点知识1、重点单词 cheer, advertisement, set, coach, fix, repair, similar, fill, pleasure, blind, deaf, imagine ,shut, carry, specially, fetch 基本要求：会读、会写、会用。2、重点短语 clean up, give out, put off, set up, think up, take after, fix up,give away, put up, ask for ,hand out, work out, at once基本要求：会读、会写、会用。3、重点语法 基本要求：理解其含义，学以致用。三、导学案Section A例析导学1. You could help clean up the city parks.help v.帮助【拓展】（1）help 作动词help sb. (to) do= help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 例如：He often helps me (to) study English. = He often helps me with English.(2) help 作名词例如：Thank you for your help.2Id like to help homeless people.homeless adj. 无家可归的 【拓展】（1）homeless adj. 无家可归的 例如：a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 (2) home n. 家 例如：Number 77 High School is home to three very special young people: Li Huiping, Lan Pei, and Zhu Ming. 对三个特别的年轻人李惠萍、林蓓和著名来说第77中学就是家。3.Id like to cheer up sick kids. cheer v. (向某人)欢呼或喝彩 【拓展】cheer up 意思为“使高兴起来,使振奋”,动副短语.若宾语由代词充当,代词应放在动、副词之间。 例如：Were trying our best to cheer him up. 4We need to come up with a e up with 意为 “想出”，相当于think up。例如：He came up with a way to work out the math problem. 他想出了解答这道数学题的方法。plan n. 计划【拓展】（1）plan 作动词， 后接动词不定式。例如：We planned to have a trip to Europe. 我们原计划去欧洲旅游。（2）plan 作名词， 例如：We should make a plan on how to improve our English. 我们应该制定一个关于如何提高英语的计划。5We cant put off making a plan. put v. 放【拓展】（1）put off “推迟、取消（会议，约会等），动副词组，后跟动词时应用其-ing形式，代词作宾语需放在put和off中间。例如：Dont put off until tomorrow what can be done today. 今天可以做的事情不要推到明天。Please dont put off doing your homework. 请你们不要拖延做作业。（2）put away “把放好，收好” 例如：Please put your toys away. 请把你的玩具收好。（3）put down “ 放下，记下”, 例如：Put down your hand. 把手放下。（4）put on “穿戴，上演”, 例如：Put on your coat. Its cold outside. 穿上你的大衣， 外面冷。A history play was put on last night. 昨晚上演了一部历史剧。（5）put up “悬挂，举起”, 例如：Mike is putting up a map on the wall. 迈克正把一张地图挂到墙上。Who knows the answer? Put up your hand. 谁知道答案？举起手来。6Ill hand out advertisements after schoo.hand v. 交出，传递【拓展】（1）hand out 同义词组：give out意为“分发”,例如：Please hand out the books. 请把书发下去。（2） hand in 意为“交上，呈上”, 例如：You should hand in your homework on time. 你应该按时上交你的作业。（3）hand 作可数名词，意为 “手”.Pleae put up your right hand. 请举起你的右手。7These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.这三位学生都自愿付出时间帮助别人。 volunteer v. 意为 “志愿效劳，主动贡献”【拓展】（1）volunteer 作动词用， 意为 “志愿效劳，主动贡献”，例如：Mike volunteered to collect wood for the picnic. 迈克自愿去为野餐拾木柴。（2）volunteer 作名词用， 意为“志愿者”, 例如：They both works as volunteers in the supermarket. 他们俩都是超市里的志愿者。8This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment.这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。major adj. 重要的，主要的【拓展】（1）作名词 专业，专业学生He is a history major. = He chose history as his major.他是主修历史的学生。（2） 作动词 主修，专攻。He majors in physics. 他主修物理学。9Not only do I feel god about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. not only but (also) 不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分 引导以 not only but (also) 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此Not only do I feel good but (also). 是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。 【拓展】(1)Not onlybut (also) 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如： Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。 Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。(2)常见的就近原则的结构有： Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个) Either Lily or you are a student. Not only but (also) There be 10You could help coach a football team for little kids. 你可以帮助训练一支少年足球队。coach v. 训练，教导【拓展】（1）coach 作动词用，意为“训练，教导”,例如：Can you coach Jim for the high jump? 你能训练吉姆跳高吗？（2）coach 作名词用，意为“教练，私人补习教师”， 例如：Id like to be a baseball coach in the future. 将来我想成为一名棒球教练。专项训练单项选择：1Cheap coal（煤）_ a lot of smoke. A. give up B. gives in C. gives away D. gives off2. He looks sad. Lets cheer him _.A. up B. in C. out D. at3. If you still have any other questions, please _ your hand.A. put off B. put down C. put up D. put on4. _ you please call me later? Which is not right?A. Could B. Can C. Would D. Will5. Its cold outside. Youd better _ your warm clothes, Lucy.A. put on B. put away C. put up D. put off6. We believe scientists will _ a way to solve the problem of air pollution.A. set off B. put off C. come up with D. catch up with7. -Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr Zhao?-No, you _. You may give it to me tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not8. We have to _ our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain. A. put off B. put on C. put up D. put down 句析导学1.-What do you like doing?你喜欢做什么？- I love playing soccer. 我喜欢踢足球。英语中常用以下动词或动词短语来谈论喜欢与不喜欢。如： like, love, dislike, hate, would like to do sth., would like not to do sth., favourite, enjoy, have fun doing sth. 等等。例如：What color do you love?你喜欢什么颜色？I like red.我喜欢红色。They hate him. 他们讨厌他。My favourite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 She enjoys reading stories. 她喜欢读故事。They have fun playing in the water.他们在水里玩得很高兴。2. Being a volunteer is great! 作一个志愿者真棒！本句是动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Eating too much sweet food is bad for your health. 吃太多甜食对健康不利。专项练习：用方框中所给短语的适当形式完成对话：clean up, set up, cheer up, put off, come up withA: Were going to have a party this evening. Do you know?B: Yes. What do we have to do for the party?A: We have to _ some new ideas for games.B: What do we have to do at the party?A: First we have to help _ the food tables.B: Do we have to do it right away?A: Yes, we cant _ the part. B: I hate doing this kind of work. A: Well, _! Well finish it soon. B: Whats the last thing we have to do?A: We have to _ after the party. 词语辨析1. sick 和ill 的用法区别sick是形容词，“生病的”， 同义词是ill。 区别在于sick 在句中可做表语和定语，而ill只能做表语。例如：His father was ill/sick yesterday, so he didnt go to work. 他的父亲昨天病了，因此他没有去上班。Tom has looked after the sick girl for a week.汤姆照看那个生病的小女孩已经一星期了。另外，当ill意为“坏的，恶劣的”时，在句中可做定语。例如：He is an ill child. 他是一个坏孩子。2、need to do sth.,need doing sth.的用法区别。need todo sth.和need doing sth.都表示“需要做某事”。当主语是人时，常用need todo sth.；当主语是物时，常用need doing sth.。【例如】I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.我需要一些钱来支付夏令营。My bike need mending.我的自行车需要修理了。3set up 和build的用法区别:set up意为“开办，建立”, 主要用于组织、机构、公司、学校等。build 意为 “建造，建设”, 是一般用语，侧重施工建筑，常指建造大东西，如房屋、桥梁、道路等。试比较：set up a school 建立一所学校build a school盖一所学校4. cost, take, spend, pay （1）cost指花钱、劳动力、时间等，不以人做主语，常以事、物作主语。例如：The work cost them much labor. 这项工作花费了他们很多的劳动。How did the radio cost you? 这台录音机花了你多少钱？（2）take 主要指花费时间，主语为物或形式主语it。常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，指事。例如：It took them over two years to build the bridge. 修建这座桥花了他们两年多的时间。The composition took (=cost) me two hours. 我用了两小时完成这篇作文。（3）spend指花费时间、金钱等，主语为人，常和介词on连用。如果后面接动名词，则往往要用in。例如：He often spends his spare time (in) helping the old man. 他总是利用空余时间去帮助那个老人。He spent all his money yesterday. 昨天他花了他所有的钱。Ill spend much more time on my English. 我将在英语上花多得多的时间（来学习）。（4）pay 指花钱，主语为人，经常和介词for连用，有时带双宾语。例如：She paid 20 dollars for that coat. 她买那件外套花了20美元。I paid him 200 yuan yesterday. 我昨天给他花了200元钱。5each与every的用法区别（1）each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：Each has a different book. （强调各有不同。）Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）（2）each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。（3）each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接，如不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。every还可以表示“每隔”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。注:each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。6get, turn , grow和become的用法区别：系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示“变得，感到”，其区别是：get用于日常用语，后面常跟比较级。The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了，白天变短了。 turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。grow着重变化过程。Its growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。become是指身份、职位的变化，作瞬间动词时，指状态的变化。He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。专项训练：1I must look after my _ grandma. Shes been _ for two days.A. ill; sick B. sick; ill C. sick; sick D. ill; ill2.Now I spend time _ what I love to do.A. to do B. doing C. do D. did3_ of them like to play basketball.A. Each B. Everyone C. Every D. Both4The zoo is far away from my hotel. It me at least two hours to get there.A. tookB. has takeC. takesD. will take5Did you _ much money on the car? A. cost B. pay C. spend D. take教学设计1复习1） 利用卡片对已学过的单词进行快速复习。2） 学生两人一组进行对话复习表演。2新课导入(1a) 1）结合上一单元刚学过的内容，同时在学生对话的基础上，引导他们关注个别一些旅游景区存在的现象，自然引出“自愿者服务”的话题。2）借助1a提供的图画及相关的分话题，鼓励学生尽可能多的联想出一些类似相关的“服务项目”，即，他们所能想到的并可能准备去做的具体工作。通过这样的导入能直奔本单元的主题，并能温故知新，且衔接也显得较为自然。3听力训练（1b）1）在学生急于想更多了解“自愿者服务”的情况下，让他们听1b的三段对话录音，初步感受本单元即将学习的内容。在口头检查了学生的听力效果后，首次呈现以下三个功能句型： What would you like to do? What could you de? Who would you like to help?2) 在适当带读几遍后，让学生从1b 中找出以上三个问题的相应答句，并进行简单的两两对话(1c) 。 通过这样的一问，一找，一答，学生不但学会了自己发现问题，还提高了他们解决问题的能力， 同时也能起到加深对所学语言材料的认识，为后面的进一步操练做好准备。4口头对话 (2a) 就2a 的图片与学生展开问答对话，为下一步的听力做准备。 5听力理解（2a-2b） 1） 在听了第一遍录音后，与学生核对2a答案。2）放第二遍录音，请个别学生口头汇报他们的正确答案，与此同时也给其余学生（尤其是学习较落后的）再次核对答案的机会。 3）就以上听力材料的内容，追问以下几个问题，使学生加深对对话内容的理解。可采取抢答的形式进行回答： What day is it going to be? When is Clean-up Day? What are the students planning to do? Can they put off making a plan (for it)? How many ideas have they come up with? What are they? 6. 讲解phrasal verbs 1) 让学生自己从2b 中找出所有动词和动词词组，然后再黑板上作简单的排列组合演示，帮助学生区别动词和动词词组的异同。 2）鼓励学生参照Grammar focus ,， 尝试用英语解释一下其余动词词组的意思，或提供英语解释，让他们用动词词组找配对。最后在教师的帮助下尝试用这些词组造出自己的句子。 7口语操练 (2c) 1) 为进一步巩固所学内容，不断培养学生正确的语音语调，再放一次放录音让学生开口大声跟读。 2）给学生一定的时间进行 pair work 或group work( 视学生程度而定)。 3）为了汇报/展示他们操练的成果（即任务完成的情况），邀请几组同学上台扮角色表演。 8.讲解3a让学生看三个孩子的照片，问他们认为这些孩子是谁，然后让学生注意这篇文章的题目并让学生读出来。告诉他们这是关于志愿者的文章。要求学生完成两个任务：1） 在文章中划出志愿者的工作。2）圈出来他们喜欢工作的原因。然后让学生回答下列三个问题：1） What does Li Huiping do to help people as a volunteer? 2） What does Lan Pei do? 3） What does Zhu Ming do?领读课文并对新单词做一些解释。之后让学生读这篇文章两遍，鼓励他们如果有问题就问。9小组讨论（3b）给学生读一遍题目，并且告诉他们：I love English I could teach English in an after-school programHui loves playing football What could Hui do if he wants to join the school volunteer project?并让学生回答问题：He could coach a fcf6tball team for little kids让学生两人一组讨论并填写他们讨论的结果。然后让几组学生向全班同学汇报他们的答案。10. 小组对话（3c）：让一组学生先模仿书上的对话，然后让全班学生练习这组对话，并且可以用其他合适的词来代替loves 和skills.11. 实践活动（4）：让学生独立写出他们自己的答案，然后要求几个学生读出他们所写的内容。Then work in pairs and give each other suggestions about what volunteer work you could do with those interests Ask a pair to model the sample conversation before they begin to practice12. 归纳总结 请学生简单概括回顾一下本课时的教学内容和要求，然后教师对课后进一步学习提出一定的要求。 13作业要求1）用下列动词词组各造一个句子：clean up put up call up hang out write down put off set up come up with 2) 两人一组编写一段小对话，讨论准备怎么帮助班级做好事。（具体事情自定）SectionB 例析导学1.Jimmy takes after his mother.吉米的言行举止像他妈妈。本句中的take after sb 表示“长相或举止像（某个长辈）”，不能用于被动语态。例如：To my surprise, Jack doesnt take after his father at all.令我惊奇的是，杰克和他爸爸长的一点儿也不像。Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair. 玛丽长得真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发一个样。2. I fix up bikes and give them away.我修理好自行车，然后捐赠出去。(1)fix up相当于to repair，表示“修理，修补，整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me? 我的表有时快，有时慢，你能帮我修修吗？My mother is too old to live on her own, so were fixing up the spare room for her. 我母亲年龄太大了，不能自己生活，所以我们正收拾这个多出的房间让她住。(2)give sth away 意思是“捐赠，赠送”。The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。【拓展】（1）give away还可以表示“分发或赠与某物，由于大意而未利用或抓住（时机，机会等）”。例如：The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.校长在学校运动会上颁发了奖品。（2）give away还可以表示“有意或无意地泄露某事情或出卖某人”。The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.那个妇女把国家机密泄露给了敌人。3. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在当地的一家超市散发广告。hand out意为“散发”，其中hand是动词。The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老师在发数学试卷。【拓展】hand in“面交”，“上交”。The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。4. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem .然后他告诉老师自己的问题。tell sb about sth是“把某事告诉某人”的意思，有时表示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”，常用于tell sb to do sth结构。The teacher told us about his story. 老师给我们讲了他的故事。My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.妈妈常常告诉我在去上学的路上一定要小心。5. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他想到的那些办法获得了成功。 fine在这里是副词，可与well替换，意思是“好，顺利”。The machine works fine. 这台机器运行很好。Sam is doing fine in his new business. 萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。专题训练：1She doesnt have any more of it.A. takes afterB. looks outC. runs out ofD. gives away2.Have you fixed them up?A. repairB. repairsC. repairingD. repaired3. They take after me.A. be similar toB. is similar toC. be similar withD. are similar to4.Could you put up the pictures on the wall?A. hangB. takeC. giveD. bring5. Did you think up a good idea?A. set upB. cheer upC. come up withD. ran out of6.Mother is ill. I have to look after it.A. look upB. look overC. take care ofD. look around7.We are no longer students. We should find a job.A. neverB. stillC. notany moreD. notany longer8.They tried and in the end they won the game.A. at firstB. at lastC. at the beginningD. at once 句析导学1. - What do you do, Jimmy? 你做什么工作，吉米？- I fix up bikes and give them away. 我修自行车并把他们送出去。英语中，当提问对方的职业时，应用特殊疑问句what, 有三种不同的说法：What do you do?/What are you? / Whats your job? 都可以为“你是干什么工作的？”可回答出具体做什么，也可指说出职业的名称。即可回答为：I teach at a school. 或 I am a teacher. 如果是第三人称单数应用What does he/she do? 等来提问。- What does Mary do? 马丽是干什么的？- She is a nurse. 她是个护士。2The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他想到的那些办法获得了成功。这是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语，意为“产生结果，发展为，结果是”，后面不可接宾语，主语也不用“人”来充当。I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice. 我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。We didnt plan it like that but it worked out very well.我们原不是那样计划的，但结果却很好。【拓展】（1）work out的其它用法It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time. 这是他这时能想出的最好的解决办法了。（想出）I cant work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了这首诗的意思。（理解）（2）work on意为“从事”。Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。（3）work on后面无宾语时，表示继续工作。Its very late, but they were still working on.时间很晚了，但他们仍然在继续工作。专项训练：选择正确的选项填空：A. My (spoken) English is really goodB. Sounds great/Thats a great idea/ Good idea/C. What do you want to be when you grow upD. How could I tell people about itE. Can you speak English/Is your English good/F. You speak it very well.G. Im not sureAndy: Id like to join in the volunteer project, but I dont know what I should do.Angela: _?Andy: I want to be a tour guide.Angela: _?Andy: Of course. _ because I love English and practice it a lot.Angela: You could start a class to teach kids something about travel.Andy: _?Angela: You could talk about it on BBS so that everyone knows about it.Andy: _! 词语辨析1.run out 与 run out of的用法区别： （1）run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。 My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 （2）run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还有到就把钱花完了。 两者在一定条件下可以互换 如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 = We are running out of time（3）run out of 还可以表示“从跑出来”。 例如：We are afraid that the tiger runs out of its cage. 我们害怕老虎从笼子里跑出来。2take after 和 look like 的用法区别：take after 指在外貌、性格等方面与父母等相像。例如：She takes after her mother in appearance. 她的长相随她母亲。Your daughter doesnt take after you in any way. 你女儿跟你一点也不像。look like 也表示“像”，只指外表上“看起来”（look）“像”（like）。例如：Lucy looks like her sister, Lily. 露西看上去像她的姐姐，莉蕾。3fix ，mend和 repair 的用法区别：repair 用于建筑、堤坝、机器、车辆等的修理；fix是美语用法，等于repair; mend一般用于衣服，鞋袜等小东西，偶尔也用于道路、门窗等。例如：Can you repair my bike? 你给我修修自行车行吗？He is mending a road. 他正在修路。4same 和 similar 的用法区别：same与as 连用，并且same 永远和the 在一起，而similar和to连用。例如：All eggs look similar, but no two eggs are quite the same, Leonardo da Vincis teacher once said to him. 达芬奇的老师曾经告诉他说，所有鸡蛋看上去相似，但没有两只鸡蛋是完全相同的。专项训练：同义句转换：1 The boy takes after his mother.The boy _ _ _ his mother.2. Can you come up with a good way to learn English well?Can you _ _ a good way to learn English well?3. We can repair your watch at once.We can _ _ your watch at once.4. We want to make the girl happy.We want to _ _ the girl.教学设计：1复习：1） 复习Section A ，3a的内容2） 检查学生写的对话。2新课导入：（1a）1）让学生先看左面一栏的句子，用英语向他们解释：Please look at the sentences on the left column Lets get the meanings of themLets see the first one Ive run out of itHere, run out of is a phrasal verb It means reach an end of, use up or become short of Ive run out of it, means Ive used it up, nothing left2）让学生重复这些句子。3）让学生把意思相近的句子连起来。31b先让学生看课本上的例句，然后让学生解释左面词组的意思并做例句，最后请其他的学生在书上造句，同桌互相检查。4.听力训练：2a 1）告诉学生根据录音把图片按照顺序排好。2） 播放录音。3） 检查答案。2b 1) 让四个学生读课本上的四个句子，并告诉学生准备听录音判断对错。2）播放录音。3）检查答案。5对话练习：（2c）1) 再播放一遍录音，让学生重复两遍，注意发音。2) 让学生两人一组编自己的对话。3) 要求几组学生向全班学生分享自己的对话。63a1）在读课文之前要求学生看两个问题：Has Jimmy come up with